CHLOROPLAST

MARK DAVE R. VILLAMOR

Science Teacher
 CHLOROPLAST
• Found in plants and algae
• Sites of photosynthesis
• Converts solar energy to chemical energy by
absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the
synthesis of organic compounds such as sugars
from carbon dioxide and water.
 CHLOROPLAST
• Greek word “chloros” meaning green and “plastes”
means “the one who forms.”
• Cellular organelles of green plants and some
eukaryotic organism,
• Produce free energy stored in the form of ATP and
NADPH.
• Double membrane – bound organelles.
 STRUCTURE OF THE
CHLOROPLAST
• Outer membrane
• semi – porous
membrane and
permeable to small
molecules which ions
diffuse easily.
• Not permeable to
larger proteins.
 STRUCTURE OF THE
CHLOROPLAST
• Intermembrane space
- Thin membrane space
about 10 – 20
nanometers
- Present between
outer and inner
membrane of the
chloroplast.
 STRUCTURE OF THE
CHLOROPLAST
• Inner membrane
- forms a border to the
stroma.
- Regulates passage of
materials in and out of
the chloroplast.
- Synthesize fatty acids,
lipids, carotenoids.
 STRUCTURE OF THE
CHLOROPLAST
• Stroma
- alkaline, aqueous fluid
rich in protein.
- The space outside
thylakoid space.
- Chloroplast DNA,
ribosomes, thylakoid
system, starch granules
are found floating
around the stroma.
 STRUCTURE OF THE
CHLOROPLAST
• Thylakoid System
- Collection of
membranous sacks
- Sites for light reactions
of the photosynthesis.
- Chlorophyll is found in
chloroplast.
- Arrange in stacks known
as grana.
 STRUCTURE OF THE
CHLOROPLAST
• Thylakoid System
- Each granum contains
10 – 20 thylakoids.
- Greek word “thylakos”
meaning “sack.”
- Photosystem I and II
are important protein
complexes that harvest
light with chlorophyll
and carotenoids.
 TWO TYPES OF THYLAKOIDS
1. GRANAL THYLAKOIDS – arranged in grana.
These circular disks that are about 300 – 600
nanometers in diameter.
2. STROMAL THYLAKOIDS - (stroma lamellae)
- In contact with the stroma and are in the form of
helicoid sheets.