Reviewer
MODULE 1
-Peace education can be defined simply as “the
process of teaching people about the threats of
violence and strategies for peace.
-Hashim Salamat, the head of the largest Filipino
Muslim rebel group
-Security, public order, safety, and peace are
accorded high priority by the government
-Executive Order No. 3, series of 2001, known as
"Defining Policy and Administrative Structure for
Government's Comprehensive Peace Action,"
where the Six Paths to Peace were unveiled
-3 Programs for rebel returnee
Self reliance- developing and strengthening
Islamization
Unity
President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo issued
Executive Order (EO) No. 570 that mandates the
Department of Education (DepEd) and the
Commission on Higher Education (CHED) to
institutionalize Peace Education in Basic Education
and Teacher Education
PEACE EDUCATION IN MSU
- Mindanao State University was established
under Republic Act 1387, as amended, as a vehicle
for peace and development in the MINSUPALA
- The Institute for Peace and Development in
Mindanao
- BOR Resolution no. 225, S. 2007, known as
“Institutionalization of the Culture of Peace in
Education, Research and Action in Mindanao State
University System." aims integration and economic
development of the Muslims and other cultural
communities in Mindanao
- aims to ensure that education contributes to the
attainment of a culture of peace.
WHAT IS PEACE?
absence of harm and violence, not just personal or
direct harm and violence, but also structural or
indirect harm and violence (Galtung,1996).
-negative peace refers to the absence of war or
physical/ direct violence.
-positive peace refers to the presence of just and
non-exploitative relationships,
- Galtung, positive peace must resolve the
underlying issues
CULTURE OF PEACE
-comprehend important ideas and fundamental
values
- Culture can be defined as a social organization's
common symbols, norms, and values
- Peace means inner stillness and calm, a sense of
well-being.
– harmony and cooperation.
-reality when societies are just and fair to all.
-Peace in societies exists when conflicts are
resolved non-violently and when there are practical
efforts made to satisfy the basic needs of people in
a fair and reasonable manner.
- Peace is not simply the absence of conflict. Peace
encompasses more than the absence of conflict or
outward silence.
PEACE IS JUSTICE DEVELOPMENT
-sufficient life goods{economic rights}
-dignity steem {cultural rights}
-partcipation{political rights}
-solidarity{duty aswell as rights}
-ecological balance{integrational rights}
- peace refers to the totality of existence

MODULE 2 PRT1
CONFLICT AND VIOLENCE
CONFLICT
- the Latin word “conflictus” which means collision
or clash. Conflict happens every day.
-a fight or disagreement.
- part of the human nature, it is a fact of human
- as antagonistic state of opposition, disagreement,
or incompatibility between two or more parties.
VIOLENCE
- a response to a conflict,
- any physical, emotional, verbal, institutional or
structural action, behavior, attitude, policy, or
condition that aims to diminish, dominate or destroy
oneself and other
- Violence is taken as a short cut method for
resolution of conflicts.
PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICT
- ideas, principles, and beliefs are incompatible.
Diez et al. (2006),
-CONFLICT IN NATURAL
- CONFLICT IS AN ON-GOING PROCESS
- CONFLICT IS A DYNAMIC PROCESS
- CONFLICT IS POSITIVE
- CONFLICT IS EMBEDDED IN ALL
RELATIONSHIPS
SOURCES OF CONFLICT
- conflicts of information, values, interests,
relationships, and structures{VILENDER 2021}
INFORMATION- have insufficient knowledge
VALUES- perceived or actual incompatibilities
with their belief systems
INTEREST- result of competition over perceived
or real incompatibilities in requirements
RELATIONSHIPS- a result of misunderstandings,
intense negative emotions
STRUCTURE- a result of other’s oppressive
activities.
OTHER SOURCE OF CONFLICT
STERIOTYPE- negative opinion about a person or
group
PREJUDICE- negative feeling or attitude towards
a person
• Racism -cultural or racial
background is intrinsically superior
to that of others,
• Sexism - beliefs, behaviors, and
institutional structures that
marginalizes women (Mcginnis &
Oehberg, 1991).
• Heterosexism -negative attitudes
toward lesbians and gay men.
• Classism - distancing from and
perceiving the poor as “the other”
(Lott, 1995).
• Linguicism - it refers to the negative
attitudes that members ofdominant
language groups have against members of
non-dominant (Chen-Hayes, Chen &
Athat, n.d.).
• Ageism - it refers to negative views
toward the young and the elderly.
• Lookism - bias against persons who do not
conform to predetermined criteria of beauty
(Nario-Galace, 2003).
• Religious Intolerance - this pertains to the
prejudice against those who are
followers of religious other than one’s own.
DISCRIMINATION- negative actions toward
members of a specific social (Franzoi, 1986).
OPPRESSION- exercise of tyranny by a ruling
group.