VARIOUS TYPES OF HEAT EXCHANGERS

SHELL AND TUBE, DOUBLE

PIPE, VERTICAL AND
HORIZONTAL
CONDENSERS

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 What is Heat Exchanger ?

 A heat exchanger is a device used to transfer heat between two or more

fluids. The fluids can be single or two phase and, depending on the
exchanger type, may be separated or in direct contact.

 Devices involving energy sources such as nuclear fuel pins or fired heaters
are not normally regarded as heat exchangers although many of the
principles involved in their design are the same.

 Applications of Heat Exchanger

 Around the home, they’re commonly found in central heating combi boilers
and help to heat and cool down the water efficiently and safely. They’re also
found in your refrigerator, ensuring it stays at a stable, cool temperature.

 Industrial
 Heat exchangers are also used widely in different industrial applications.
This includes power generation, the manufacture and storage of
food, chemical engineering, and even in the running of air
and marine transport, for example.
 Sterling TT works with a range of industries to provide specialist heat
exchangers. Find out more about the markets we serve.

 Defencce
 Even in the defence sector, we find heat exchangers. They are installed, for
example, on the navy surface and auxiliary ships as well as on submarines.
They cool nuclear submarine propulsion motors

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 Classification of Heat Exchangers by Flow Configuration

Types Figure
Counter
Flow

Concurrent
Flow

Cross
Flow

Cross Counter
Flow

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 Classification of Heat Exchanger by Constuction

 Types of Heat Exchangers

 Shell and Tube

 Double Pipe

 Vertical Condenser

 Horizontal Condenser

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 Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger

 What is shell and tube heat exchanger?

 A shell and tube heat exchanger is a type of heat exchanger that is

commonly used in industrial applications for transferring heat between two
fluids.
 It consists of a series of tubes, typically made of metal, that are mounted
inside a cylindrical shell. One fluid flows through the tubes, while the other
flows around them in the space between the tubes and the shell.
 The two fluids are kept separate, but heat is transferred from one to the other
through the walls of the tubes.
 Shell and tube heat exchangers are commonly used in applications where
one fluid needs to be heated or cooled, such as in power generation,
chemical processing, and HVAC systems.
 They are designed to be efficient and durable, and can be configured in a
variety of ways to suit different requirements, such as varying flow rates,
temperature ranges, and pressure drops.
 Shell and tube heat exchangers are engineered using sophisticated and
technical computer design parameters. The components of the device
include the shell, shell cover, tubes, channel, channel cover, tube sheet,
baffles, and nozzles. The specifications and standards for STHEs have been
established by the Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association (TEMA).

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 Applications shell and tube heat exchanger

 Chemical processing: They are used for heating and cooling process fluids,
such as cooling water, acids, and solvents.

 Power generation: They are used for cooling condensers, steam turbines,
and other equipment in power plants.

 Oil and gas industry: They are used for heating or cooling fluids in oil
refining, gas processing, and pipeline transportation.

 HVAC systems: They are used for heating or cooling air in buildings and
for heat recovery systems.

 Food and beverage industry: They are used for pasteurization,

sterilization, and cooling of food products and beverages.

 Pharmaceutical industry: They are used for heating and cooling of process
fluids and for controlling the temperature of chemical reactions.

 Marine industry: They are used for cooling engines, generators, and other
equipment on ships.

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 Industrial refrigeration: They are used for cooling or heating of
refrigerants in refrigeration systems.

 Pulp and paper industry: They are used for heating and cooling process
fluids, such as black liquor and white liquor, in the pulp and paper
manufacturing process.

 Wastewater treatment: They are used for heat recovery from wastewater
and for cooling water in treatment plants.

Double Pipe Heat Exchanger

 What is Double Pipe Heat Exchanger ?

 A double pipe heat exchanger is a type of heat exchanger that consists of

two concentric pipes of different diameters. The inner pipe, known as the
tube or the inner tube, carries the hot or cold fluid, while the outer pipe,
known as the shell or the outer tube, carries the cooler or warmer fluid.
 The fluids flow in a counter-current or co-current arrangement, and heat is
transferred from one fluid to the other through the walls of the inner tube.
 Double pipe heat exchangers are commonly used for low to medium heat
transfer applications and in situations where the flow rates and pressure
drops are relatively low.

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 They are simple in design, easy to manufacture, and can be constructed with
a variety of materials, such as stainless steel, copper, or plastic. They are
also cost-effective compared to other types of heat exchangers and can be
easily cleaned and maintained. Double pipe heat exchangers are used in a
variety of applications, such as HVAC systems, chemical processing, food
and beverage processing, and oil and gas processing.
 Applications of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger

 Mining industry: They are used for heating or cooling process fluids, such
as slurries and water, in mining operations.

 Aerospace industry: They are used for cooling engines, generators, and
other equipment on aircraft.

 Automotive industry: They are used for cooling engines, transmissions,

and other components in vehicles.

 Renewable energy: They are used for heat recovery and thermal storage in
solar thermal power plants and geothermal power plants.

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 Textile industry: They are used for heating and cooling process fluids, such
as water and steam, in textile manufacturing.

 Plastic industry: They are used for cooling and solidifying plastic products
in injection molding and extrusion processes..

 Power generation: They are used for cooling condensers, steam turbines,
and other equipment in power plants.

 Water treatment: They are used for heat recovery from wastewater and for
cooling water in treatment plants.

 Research and development: They are used for small-scale experiments and
testing in laboratories

 HVAC systems: They are used for heating or cooling air in buildings, such
as in air conditioning units, heat pumps, and chillers.

Vertical Condenser
 What is Vertical Condenser ?

 A vertical condenser is a type of heat exchanger that is used to condense a

vapor into a liquid by removing heat. It is typically used in distillation
processes, where it is used to condense a vaporized mixture of chemicals
into a liquid.In a vertical condenser, the vapor is introduced at the bottom of
the unit and flows upwards through a set of tubes that are surrounded by a
cooling fluid, typically water.
 As the vapor moves up the tubes, it loses heat to the cooling fluid, which
causes it to condense into a liquid. The liquid then collects in a reservoir at
the bottom of the unit, where it can be removed.Vertical condensers are

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 often used in industrial processes where high volumes of vapor need to be
condensed quickly and efficiently.
 They are commonly used in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and
petrochemical industries, as well as in oil refineries and power plants.
 The main advantage of a vertical condenser is that it can handle large
volumes of vapor, which makes it an efficient and cost-effective option for
many industrial applications.
 Additionally, vertical condensers are relatively simple to operate and
maintain, and they can be easily integrated into existing process systems.

 Applications of vertical condenser

 Refrigeration and air conditioning: Vertical condensers are used in

refrigeration and air conditioning systems to condense the refrigerant vapor
back into a liquid form.

 Distillation of essential oils: Vertical condensers are used to condense the

vaporized essential oils in the production of fragrances and flavors.

 Biotechnology industry: Vertical condensers are used in biotechnology

processes, such as the production of monoclonal antibodies, to condense
vapors produced during the manufacturing process.

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 Nuclear industry: Vertical condensers are used in nuclear power plants to
condense steam from the turbine and cool it back into water for reuse.

 Mining industry: Vertical condensers are used in the mining industry to

condense and recover valuable metals, such as gold and silver, from
vaporized solutions.

 Waste heat recovery: Vertical condensers are used in waste heat recovery
systems to condense vaporized fluids and recover their heat energy for reuse.

 Oil and gas industry: Vertical condensers are used in the oil and gas
industry to condense vapors produced during oil refining and natural gas
processing. They are used in processes such as oil cracking, oil sands
processing, and natural gas dehydration.

 Chemical vapor deposition (CVD): Vertical condensers are used in CVD

processes to condense and recover the gaseous by-products produced during
the deposition of thin films on surfaces.

 Solvent recovery: Vertical condensers are used in industrial solvent

recovery processes to condense and recover solvents from vapors produced
during the manufacturing process.
Horizontal Condenser
 What is Horizontal Condenser ?

 A horizontal condenser is a type of heat exchanger that is used to remove

heat from a fluid or gas by transferring it to another medium, such as water
or air.
 Unlike a vertical condenser, which is oriented vertically, a horizontal
condenser is positioned horizontally and is typically used in situations where
vertical space is limited.
 Horizontal condensers are commonly used in industrial applications, such as
power plants, chemical processing plants, and refrigeration systems. They
typically consist of a series of tubes that are arranged horizontally and are
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 surrounded by a shell or jacket. The fluid or gas that needs to be cooled
flows through the tubes, while the cooling medium flows around the tubes in
the shell.
 One of the advantages of a horizontal condenser is that it can be more
compact than a vertical condenser, which makes it easier to install in tight
spaces. However, horizontal condensers can also be more difficult to
maintain and clean, since the tubes are arranged horizontally rather than
vertically.
 Additionally, horizontal condensers may not be as effective at removing heat
as vertical condensers in certain situations, particularly those involving high
pressure or high temperature fluids or gases.

 Applications of Horizontal Condenser

 Mining industry: Horizontal condensers can be used in mining operations

to cool water that is used in drilling and other mining processes. This helps
to control the temperature of the water and prevent equipment from
overheating.

 Aerospace industry: The aerospace industry uses horizontal condensers to

cool fluids and gases in spacecraft and aircraft. These condensers can be
used to cool fuel, hydraulic fluid, and other critical fluids.

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 Marine industry: In the marine industry, horizontal condensers are used to
cool the engine coolant that is used in marine engines. This helps to prevent
the engine from overheating and improves the efficiency of the engine.

 Distillation processes: Horizontal condensers are commonly used in

distillation processes to condense vapors that are produced during the
distillation process. These condensers can be used to recover valuable
liquids or to purify chemicals.

 Biotechnology industry: In the biotechnology industry, horizontal

condensers can be used to cool bioreactors that are used to produce
pharmaceuticals, vaccines, and other biotech products. This helps to control
the temperature of the bioreactor and ensure that the biotech product is
of high quality.

 Brewery industry: In the brewing industry, horizontal condensers are used

to cool wort, which is a sugar solution that is produced during the brewing
process. This helps to control the temperature of the wort and prevent
unwanted reactions from occurring, resulting in a high-quality beer product.

 Semiconductor industry: This helps to ensure that the process gases remain
at the appropriate temperature and pressure, which is critical for the
production of high-quality semiconductors.

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