s

The Earth’s Four Subsystems

 Lesson 3

ROCK-FORMING
MINERALS
Moh’s Hardness Scale
Soft

Hard
9. Others
• Acid test – Calcite
• Magnetic – Magnetite
• Taste - Halite
Common Rock-Forming Minerals
Common Rock-Forming Minerals
Common Rock-Forming Minerals
Common Rock-Forming Minerals
 Buoyanc Classifi
Hardnes Holes Luster
Brightness Granular Reactivity y Rock Name cation
ID # s yes or dull or
light or dark yes or no fizz or no float or I, S or
Number no shiny
sink M

1 Slate M

2 Granite I

3 Sandstone S

4 Calcite M

5 Bituminous S

6 Basalt I
 Brightnes Reactivi Buoyan Classifi
Holes
Hardness s Granular Luster ty cy Rock Name cation
ID # yes or
Number light or yes or no dull or shiny fizz or float or I, S or
no
dark no sink M

7 Beryl S

8 Pumice I

Feldspar
9 S
Red

10 Quartzite M

11
Serpentine M

12 Dolomite S
 Buoyanc Classifi
Hardnes Holes Luster
Brightness Granular Reactivity y Rock Name cation
ID # s yes or dull or
light or dark yes or no fizz or no float or I, S or
Number no shiny
sink M

1 Dark no no shiny Slate M

2 light/dark yes yes dull Granite I

3 Dark no yes dull Sandstone S

light
4 no no shiny Calcite M

5 Dark no no shiny Bituminous S

6 Dark yes yes dull Basalt I

 Brightnes Reactivi Buoyan Classifi
Holes
Hardness s Granular Luster ty cy Rock Name cation
ID # yes or
Number light or yes or no dull or shiny fizz or float or I, S or
no
dark no sink M

7 light yes no shiny Beryl S

8 dark yes yes dull Pumice I

light dull Feldspar

9 yes no S
Red

light
10 no no shiny Quartzite M

shiny
11
dark no no Serpentine M

light dull
12 yes yes Dolomite S
Igneous:
- Form when liquid rock cools and solidifies
Intrusive Extrusive
• Cools below the • Cools at the Earths
earths surface surface (quickly!)
(slowwwwly!)
• Lava
• Magma • “Volcanic”
• “Plutonic”
 Characteristics of Igneous
Rocks
• The igneous form of rocks does not include any fossil
deposits. If there are any chances of fossil deep
inside the crust, it erupts out of the Earth’s surface
and gets destroyed due to the sheer heat these rocks
produce.
• Most igneous forms include more than one mineral
deposit.
• They can be either glassy or coarse.
• These usually do not react with acids.
• The mineral deposits are available in the form of
patches/holes with different sizes.
Vesicular- gas pockets
The longer the rock takes to cool, the
larger the crystals!

• Cools slow …..Large crystals

• Cools fast …….small crystals
• Cools immediately……NO Crystals (glass)
 Characteristics of Sedimentary
Rocks
• Sedimentary rocks are formed at earth's
surface by the hydrological system.
• The formation of sedimentary rocks
involves the weathering of pre-existing
rocks.
• Sedimentary rocks contain fossils.
• Sedimentary rocks typically occur in
layers (horizontal stratification)
Characteristics of Sedimentary
Rocks
Metamorphic:
• Rocks that are changed due to extreme
heat and/or pressure.
• DO NOT MELT!!! (they recrystalize)

Metamorphic rocks become…

1. Harder
2. More dense
3. Banded or foliated
4. Distorted
 Identifying Characteristics of
Rocks
Igneous Sedimentary
• Intergrown crystals • Cemented fragments
• Glassy texture (sediments)
• Fossils
• Organic material

Metamorphic
•Banding
•Foliated
The Rock Cycle
In summary…
In summary…
In summary…
 Performance Task 2:
• Create a brochure of Rocks and Minerals
that will showcase their uses.
 Assignment:
• Prepare for a quiz on:
1. Earth Subsystems
2. Rock-Forming Minerals
3. Classification of Rocks