P Block G 13814

d
1
InertPairetted
nsyfn.ee
G 13 ns np 3 valence é 3 a lower
stability of
G 14 n5np2 y 4 2 OS T down
915 Nnp
4
3
5
thief
5 a

G 16 n5npY 6 6
647
4
ns np5 7
G 18 ns npb g s
HI
P Block metals Is Basie
non metals 4 acidic
metalloids Id amphoteric

Firstmember shows anomalous behavior small size

I high
absence
EN

forms it bonds of d orbitals

abundant metal
9 BAY Alf 3rd most abundant
has empty d orbitals element in the
no
dorbitals

orthoboric acid HBO

Boronfamily
Kernite Na Bub 41120
 801 577 529
1816
5,8820 5,89
2427 1979
3659 2744 2962 2704 2877
Al Ga In Tl
B
semimetal
extremelyhard
Black

M.P
É
of Ga 303K

G 13 compounds é deficient lewis acid

X P Nhs
a lewis NH
Lewisacid bare

Alll achieves
stability via dimer formation
In Trivalent state most
2221pm covalent
are
of compounds
Jal 79
Afg f undergo hydrolysis in
water
a
f 3C he Bond d
200pm
Monty

Tet is more stable than Tl

Tet gets
ox agent
 Reactivity Towards air Reactivity with acids alkalies
Crystalline Boron unreactive Boron No Ryn
very
Powdered Boron Reacts on heating

4
d at na All t Hat
LET 302 203 s
noon n
LET Na LEN G

Ball acidic Al thing also layer formed

Alsos 9920 Amphoteric
itr

kiiigissig.ms n
Allon Galont amphoteric
form tohalides q Alll
B4 In Tl don't form hydroxides

Al has stung attinity of Oz

2 All 3202195 Also 15 AH 1670 KI

of Tet 15 LP
Tl 23 consits R LP

IFL
BF C BU C BBr C BI
acidity
M F
BackBonding

9h spit
BORAX Maz By0510447.8120
d
101 Y
o 5 BOB
also called Tincal
op linkages
white crystalline solid B
no

Gp2
o
60 Bulls only
OH Tetraborate ion
MqByO t 7120 UH Bo t 2
Nao
acid
aI
alkaline soen

D d
MqBy0 10120 MazB40 2ha Boat Boz
sod Boric anh
metaborate

B
95 981 Pure
É
salt Borax Power
colored beads
_wop
90 30 Cu Boaz Blue
Coo t B20 Co Bou

Cr Green
Mi Brown

Orthoboncadd weak monobasic acid

not a proton donor but on acceptor

H Blom 2nd Blowy thot

s
h
g i
i
D
f HBO HBO Is
g Bao
Boric anh
if 11 white crystalline solid
O O
B ie slippery touch
I in water
sparingly soluble
H

layer structure with

planar Boz unite
Diborane Batte colorless
highly toxicgas

UBE IT 3 IBot1ot dAt3aerg

2NaBHy t Ig Bah t 2Nal t Hz

BF 6NaH Its Bah t 6 Naf Industrial Prep

Ball t 302 8203 3720 Are 1976 Kalmof Cgd

Bath is é deficient electrophilic

BananaBond Bc 2 bond

DEBI
BaHot 2 193 2 Big nous
4 Et Muc
Baro t 20 2BHz
pig pm
134pm

U
3
TBH TOMB B12 NHL Bry
symmetricalcleavage
with bigger Muc BzNzH Had
M L Borazine Inorganic Benzene
more reactive than benzene
H
ft Bip IH
skin bi
Uses Boron fibres Bullet proofvests
light composite material for aircraft
B absorbs neutrons

Borax Boric acid heat resistant glass

glass wool

as
I fibreglass
flax for soldering

I Carbonfamily

Ftse A
it gmetalepp
d
CR CB stable ceramics Pbs
ch radioactive electronics 02
glass
cement

Ionics
TEI TEL LE 2Ey almost const

n
C si Ge Sn Pb

EN 2.5 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9

M.P 4373K 1693 1218 505 600

BP 3550 3123 2896 2024

density 3.51 2.34 5.32 7.26 11.37
 Elementffy
Si
pbt
ox agent
Pbt
More stable
th 4
Ge 4 4
Sn 2,44
Pb 2 Y

Oxides MO 9 Co Sio Geo

Coz Silk Geos Pbo 8h02

Moz g

Geo Geo acidic

02 Sia
Sno Sno Pbo Pbo Amphoteric

co Neutral

qq.I.in
t
Y.rxn
Sn snort H2
Pb unaffected due to Pbo layer on its surface

Hiiiii I anti
M covalent
Xy Mostly Snfu Pbfy are ionic
doesn't exist b'coz weak Pb I bond can't compensate
Pby excitation
for of Gs é
Os
Gs tf Except can other Mcl are
easily
M hydrolysed
Es D TT
 Hi Fi y't g si cony

silicicad

Catenation C si Ge Sn Pb doesn't show catenation

diamond all c are sp3

higher density than graphite
her stable than graphite
Non conductor of electricity
Graphite all c are sp free é conducting
Layered structure slippery
and as lubricant

fullerenes Coo has 20 hexagons 12 pentagons

Coo is aromatic

colorless odorless insoluble in water

CO
Ct 02
Is co incomplete combustion

HOON
Ey Hao co

Ct 11019 23 commercial prep

qgta.gg
act 02 4No
Mpjdftrga
Carboxyhaemoglobin is
300 times more stable than oxy haemoglobin

YOU
coon IM cot coat no
 rest 30 2kt 302
J
as a red
agent
zno co Zn t Coz

I Clf Is 021g coz Ig

Chat 02 coat 420

LabPreff Caco CD 2nd call t coat no

commercial Caco 15 D Cao t 0219

Coat 420 Halo I Haj Ht this buffer system

maintains the pH
It
of the blood
Htt 6,2

Carbides ionic Ct EP metal 9 Alys Bea

strongly
Cacz
covalent Ct non metal
q city CO2 Cs
Sic Bye ete
interstitial et dit Block elements
q we

Ayla Bgc Us City units

Methanides
Aye
3C

Catz CECH

Mac I aged
Silk 3D network solid Quartz Piezoelectric material

Sigt UHF Sify 2nd

si
o

t
o s o
f siostanaon nasion no

1
o si o d
I I

Silicones silicon polymer

fo É
organo
Rasio repeating unit

Rasnick Rfid
all sigh at Sid t a asia Chassid
Reilly
a ysi
Rusi
i linear chain
Rasick
page
Ho Si on

k
M i si
Raid R si
Ho R Dimer
k k
RSid I Y
Ho si OH cross linking Polyme

on
they sealant greaser electrical insulator waterproofing
surgical cosmetic implants

Silicates ily q Feldspar

zeolites
mica
Asbestos
o
fo
aluminosilicates Al atoms replace Si in the 3D
Zeolites
structure of six
d
microPofa a