IEMeger.

hu# :-D

Imp points -17

① Atomic volume and Atomic
graph
mass .
b/w

④ Similar similar
types of element
occupy
positions on the curve .

④ Peaks
occupied by Alkali metals .

④ Descending positions occupied by

alkaline earth metals .

④ Most electro -
ve elements occupied
ascending positions on the curve .
 Moseley.se# :* Atomic Mass
A

Atomic No
↑
.

85

☐
→

periodic properties elements

That
of
are

a
periodic function of Atomic Number
↳ frequency of ✗-

ray
.

15T£ → µ_=aCz#
constant and
as bare
screening material
an

independent of .

Modern
law
periodic law based on
Moseley's

Modern periodic table :-D

 L 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

IA IA IIAIIAIA VIA VIA Zero

SHOCK
# P block
1-
Hs IIB IIB IBIIBVIIB I He
IBIIB ,

2. Liz Bey Bs ↳ N70oFg New

314am Mgm d block Alps sinks 51647 Arlo
4K1g Cazo Scu Tizz V23 24mn25 Fe26C027NIoCUzgZnz◦Ga Ge AS Se Brkr
↳

5126 Sr Y zr Nb Mo Te Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Snsb Te I ✗ e
Pb BP Po At Rn
Hy
AHK
La Re OS Pt Au Te
6 Cs Ba Ht Ta w Ir

Ffr Ra Ku Hee

Dtanthanoid series → ceso -

cut , → at series -

→ ad •

Th # block .

Lso have
Actinoid 20103-1>51-5%2
series
exceptional-
→ Thgo - .
Period subshell Elements

Noted
titled ¥
'

Is 2 HI Hez Shortest

2 25 27 8 short
Liz -

New
3 3s 8 Ario short
3p Na , -

4 3d
4s
Up 18 Kis Kroos long
-
.

5 5s
4d5p 18 12637 Xesy long
-

6 6s
4f5d6p 32 655 -

Rnib longest
7 755T 6d7p 32 Frost Incomplete
-

Determination
of period nose
group no .

for period not Man value

of
principal QN .

gives
the period no .

Ent [As]33 -1715225221063523106953cL '°4p3

→ 4th period

+ block
→
steps for elements .

#
Cess -

Luz , Eateries ] 6 period

Thso -

trios [ 5T series] 7ᵗʰ period

☆
1groupno→3I 3rd group
group
is the
.
longest
 for [104-118]
7th period
step
is 2
group no
equal to last
digits .

steps using Electronic

configuration
block →
for s

to
Stith last e-
during E. c.
goes
is called
s subshell the element
to s block element .

' -2
General E. c- → ns

'
Ent Na -71
, 1522522ps 3s

in subshell
group no → No
of e- s
-

therefore → Na → 3rd period

Sblock .

1St
group .

nsl ns2

Alkali metals Alkaline earth

metals .

EID 1200 →
position on
periodic table .

118-17*6
→|period→J
Ps2
-1>2
group no
 torpblock :-D
When last e- is filled inside

is block element
p subshell then it
p

npl
-6
F- c- → ns2
General
◦

np
'
np2 mp3 np
"
np5 npb
Noble
Boron Carbon
Nitrogen Oxygen halogens
family family timing family gases
↓ to
chalcogens
to
Pnictogen ore
t
terming
suffocating

µoupnotoopblock-No.ofe-mT✓ pswbshell

Ent Pig →
1522522ps 3523¥
Period -713
flock →
p.

-1>15
Group .
 tordblock-3.to
it → to
-10 Cr
( n 1) di
' -2 .

Eoc →
General ns -
.

'
nso -2 Cn D d
'
↳
for
-

→ -

palladium
Cr → 4s ' 3d5
10
Pd -17 55° ad

in d.
group no → No
of e- in s + No
of e-
-
.

tor tk :-p

' '" 1-
E. c- Cn 2) f Cn 1) do
-

General ns2
-

→ - -

Except → Tngo →
1- block C No -

e- in f)
[Rn]pg6d2 752

Transuranic elements 3. → Elements U

after
Note All actinoid are radioactive
Lanthanoid Radioactive
which is
only
also
one

Ist manmade
Lahthanoid → Pm CPromethium)

Ist man made d block → Tc → Technetium

Most electro + ve element → ↳ Caesium )
Most electro ve element → FCF toluene)
-
 element :-D 3ʳᵈ period elements due to
Bridge similar
→Bridge 4) electronic
④ 3s
' element
④ 35
configuration
a •
£
K Cu Ca Zn
4523010
' ' "
4s 4s 3d 452

element →
gaseous
F
11-71 H NO U + Noble
gases
5 6

liq }
Bo → at room
temp
Hg →
liq
Fr , Cs
Ga & have low
melting point
is
clues which
leg at 30°C .

⑥ Br ⑥ Hg ② fr ⑧ Cia ⑧AH .

s and
p block elements combined are

elements
known as
Representative
Zn ,
Cd
,
Hg are called pseudo
transition elements
because
they have full filled
dsubshell .
 Drawbacks
of modern periodic Table

⑤ No
position for H

NO " "
block
⊕ f- .

is in block
④ He
p
⑤ No position for Isotopes .

Nomenclature for elements for atomic no >200

y
"

;
"""

0 nil n → 102
2 Un k

bi Unnilunium
3 tri t
4
quad → Note → add Tum
5 end
pent p
at the .

6 hen h
Unu
7
Sept s
symbol

f /
° Oct O

enn e → 420
Quadbinililim
Bbm

→ 223 → Unbitrium
Ubt
 Periodic
Properties :-D

① Atomic radii
④ Ionization
enthalpy
④
④ Electronegativity
Electron
gain enthalpy
① Atcmic-rad.it :-D

Atom does not have a well

defined
boundary
radii in
therefore
which
we calculate
it occurs
the
in
form
nature

☐ covalent radii

Atomic radii → Metallic radii

↳
Ionic radii

D
Vanderwaal
radii
Homoatomic

covalent radii →
→ Hetero atomic

•dA-A→
Horns :-D

☆ Internuclear
•

distance
A→*a→ between AIA
a A

* Bend
length of
A-A .
 DA -

A = TATRA
µA=dAzA#
/
L
covalent radii
of A =

dA¥
ones da ais ?
°
St -
2.90A then
ra
°
0 -99A

Hetero atomic

DA -13 # Internuclear
distance b/w
AIB .

A→
A
da Bt
-
Bond length
B
of A B
-

←rB→

EUU-ro-rety-s.to
A •-•B Bis more EN

Sta Bs
-

1121 #

f- Lit B-•
1.5 Bz cz.rs ⑤ 03.5 ⑤
Nao .g Mg 1.2 Alps 51%0 13.252.6 ⑨
Ko -8

fdtt-B-JA-rB-o.es/D-#
☆
An → Electro
rely difference
-
.
Ones calculate BL
of X Y
if
-

°
1.28 A-
Blof Xz
=

Blof I
= I A°

(2-123)
Electro
vetyof ✗ & ✗
-
are .

dx -

y
=
rx try -0-051 Ant
= ◦ 641-0.5-0-051091
14 O -
001
1
-
•
=

= to 069

⑨ Calculate the BL
°
b/w tell

if H2 has 2A
has 4 AQ
U2

④
°

① 2A
°
3A

④ 3. ZAO ④2.89A °

> Cationic radii

Ionic radius
→
Anionic radii

① Cationic radii :-D

④ ✗
⑦

%
f- =

%) %)
Zettz%t< 2¥13
 [ Zetfz >
Zettr > Zetts

Nuclear
Due
each
to removal
of
increases
e- , pull
Zett
on

therefore
e-

increases

fzett✗É
☆
⊕ > ✗④ > ✗ 3+0
/ ✗ > ✗

cation atom is
always
→ smaller
of an

to its Neutral
in size compared
atom

smaller the
→
greater
size .
the tire
charge

Exceptional case Enampte

# ☆
>ig② few > Fest

-1
Sn 4+2 Snz
☆
/Be②LA1③ ③
At > At ⊕>A /

↑ -01CIonic potential) =

Ugandans
°
%ez+ ¥13T
6.4 = =

☆
|H⊖sTzebiggerlhanI#
 ④ Ñi
④ Ets ✗
③

¥ %) %) %) %
-
-

zetti D D
Zettsr Zetts

fzetti>Zettz7ZetbI
in the outermost shell
On
adding 1 e-
-

nuclear on the decreases

pull e-
i e
Zeff decreases
-
.

1×2×-0<112-2×3--1
is
→ Anion
of a neutral atom always
bigger •

the
→
greater the
recharge greater
-

size .

O_0 02
-

En→ O C <

1Note]→ size Pan can

only be
comparesIsoelectronic
done b/w species .

Ou¥ Arrange in Decreasing order

F@ Na
⊕
Mg2⊕ 02-0 N③- A 13+0
¥ ¥ ¥ ¥
?⃝
 N 3- > 02
-

y f
-0
> Na⊕ > 1-992+7 Apt

Note -13 for an atom

Anton > Neutral > cation

Ents Na⊕c Na C Na⊖

Metallic radius :-D

-7dm -1-9=7-4+79
frm dMz→
•

ma "" =

:-P Metallic Radius> covalent

Keypoint Radius .

Vanderwaal Radius :-D

→ calculated Noble
for and
gases
covalent molecules ( Non Bonded ) -

( Non metal)-

Internuclear

•
distance (d)
•

*
d-
•
 distance between the
Half of
the

nuclei two bonded

of
non -

neighbouring atoms of two

adjacent molecules in Solid state .

Ext He ,
Ne ,
Ar
, Uz ,
Fz etc .

Nde -

/ VVVR > MR > CR

trend :-D

② 24-1-7 sized

④ ⑧ hell no ↑ size ↑

④ ZP sheet

④ ← P size ↑
csheildiy effect )
Acrosstheperiod:-D
NÉE Li > Be > B > c > N > 0 > F

→ size decreases as Zett 7

NIe→ Noble have highest atomic

gases
radii in their respective
period
considered
→ 9T Noble
gas not
Alkali metal will have highest
size .
 DOwnthegroup-DSPze.oftt
as no .
shells A

!! /
Li Be

/
"

¥
K

,
size P ca
Sr
size P

CS

Ionisation :-D
Enthalpy
involved
Enthalpy →
energy
chemical Rxn .
during a

Denoted
by H .

→ DH
we
only calculate
change
+ Ve endothermic Energy
absorbed
•µ
-
ve exothermic Energy
released .

IF- →
Energy required to remove

valence shell atom

from of
e- an

Atom must be and isolated

gaseous
Enthalpy of Ionisation DHIE
=

Ionisation
Enthalpy
Na (g) → Na ④ (g) + e
} DHIE
 cation
formation of it is
DHIE is
always + ve i e
- .

an endothermic process
☐ HIE is low → then removal
of
is
e-
easy
.

True or false

⑦
MgC
→
My ☒ +25 DHIE -_
U

is
Ionisation
enthalpy of Mg n .

1False]
Successive Ionisation
enthalpy
:-D

④ ⑤ ✗⑧
¥
④ → → →

÷
¥1 :L :L
-
-

247 , Zettle Zeff}

☐
2474
- - -
DHIE , HIE SHIES ,

DHIE3 > DHIE ,

> DHIE ,

increase
successive I. F-
always
◦
.

as Zeff keeps on
increasing
required
levlatcm-96.YK-mol-23.IKC.at/mo1
Nate units
 FIL EE :-D
① ZP IEP
① 241-7 I F- ↑
④ + ↑ I F- t
I F- t
④ Shell no Cn) P

④ p#etr attar ( closeness to Nucleus)

effect
$s>p>d
#%;
principal
n

}
Bs < Be

2522101 Is
higher
At C IE
My
-

Ga a ca

④
half tilled full filled
-

& :-P

N 7 0

☒H t
p > S

As > se

trends :-D

→ Period :-D
 HFIFF
Expected 1pjeÉccNf< Ne
up <

ZettP IEA

Actu#¥¥p< Be < c < ◦ < N < Fue Ne

3¥¥k< rag at < csicsepca - cc Ar

their
Note # In
Respective periods Noble
gases
highest Ionisation
have
enthalpy
Down the :-D
group

|ᵗEᵈᵈⁿᵈᵈʰ
decreases Li

Na

Rb

Cs

N°¥ AI < Ga
CAR ] 4523cL '°4D '
[Ne
]3s23pl s> p >

is due POE
Slight increase to

poor shielding effect

.
 IE Be & B
Ouest
of
are

① 1.0 -
9e✓ 10.9 ev
,

① 9. Pev ,
5. Dev
loser g. Peu
④ ,

④ 9. Dev ,
loser

Oued Successive E- 5h
9f I. are n
,
2N , ,

element
100h ,
lion
of an

{
the element can be A/ → n

③ A /
④ →
2h
⑨ si ✓⑥A , A/
☒
-175m
A- 13+0 -17100k
⑥ Zn ⑨ Na 22ps
noble Gas
configuration

⑧ Na ⑨→Na⊕⑥→ Na④

Mg
②→ Mg⊕⑨→Mg①
a
,
6 c , d are IE's
,

a < 6

c c d

a < c

167dL
Itter Ist F- 2nd is
higher
than
I
of
last
group
group
But

2ⁿᵈ 1st is
IE
of group higher
than Ind group .

Electrovety :-D

A •→B
B is more EN
9f
FA -
Bs
-

[ Polar molecule]

The
tendency
shared
of an element to attract
is
the
pair of
electron
known as electro
rely
-

It is a comparative term .

therefore calculation
of Electro
rety
-

is
dittcult
-

=D There are different ways

to calculate
Electro
vety
-

→ Pauli 's scale

→ Muli Ken scale
→ Allred -
Ro Chow
 vetyfxp-I-AIF-g.GE
Electro -

I F- → Ionisation

auto
Enthalpy
Pauli 's
F- At> Electron

EN
ace to |✗M=IE.# Attinity
leotard
'

Multi Ken IE / EA unit

/✗p=¥Mo EN value ace to

Allred
☆
1×10=11*12-0.74--1 Hochow .

Some Common EN values

Hal
↳
1 Bets Bz C2 -5 Ng 03.5 FU
Nao -9 Mg 1.2 All -5 591.8 Be -252.6 ↳

Ko -8

factors EN
affecting :-D

④
① ZP
241-9
EN
ENP
P ↑EN✗ZetI
④ Shell no ↑ F- Nt
↑ f- Nt
④ +

☆ with Onidaticn Number

① Increases

☆④ E. No depends iiponhybridisatiey
 Period :-D

1-DR

zettt ENP

Note → Acc to
(
pauli 's EN value
of Noble
is
'

gas Zero •

:-D
yep
down the EN valve te
group
jEsecept→Al family

Ekctrargainethapy :-D

Denoted by Degtl

Animesh

⑦t Hungry Z④ Full/ Half full

b b & &
e-
e-
food food
b b b b
energy
release
khush energy Energy .

absorb .