p Block

last
-

enters sub shell

e p -

Grp 13 to 18

to 18
Gsp 15
Group 15
Nitrogen
Family
 Abundance
-

Nz : 78
Y .
in atmosphere

→ occur
mainly
in the
form of
Salt Petre
Chile
NaN Oz :

Salt Petre
: Indian
KNO ,

Protein
in
form of
.

-
Also found

Cazcpoy)z caxz

family
.

P : Apatite
-

X=F ; Ote
 ! "
Physical properties
#

point If Bines increases

P
Scaf ! ?
L < A
① size : N

② Ionisation Energy
:

7 S b > Bt
N > P As7

P > As a s be Bi

Electronegativity
: N >
③

{
7 Sb > Bi
N L P L As
Point :
④ melting
Sb C Bi
As 7
⑤ Ionic size : N e p e

↳ Network -
-
cation
Type anions

EA P N
of 7
 Chemical Properties

-
oxidation state

Group : C -
3 ,
-15 ) ( Range)

As we move down a

group , stability of

> + 5
1- 3
.

( Inert Pain Effect )

not exist but PCIS exist

Nclg does ?
0€ .
why
N 8 252 2p3
l1
25 213
2dL
 vacant d orbital
due to absence
of
↳ Maxim Coval is 4
ency of N .

behaviour in
Anomalous
group
a
show
Nitrogen orbitals
of vacant d
of
Absence
-
because

multiple bonds
Form
.

to
-

Ability
(
X
↳ -
due to small Size

while P exist in the

→ N exist in the Form
of Nz

Pu
form of ✓ Pyp
.

NIN P
\ pl
NIN > p =p

M -

N L P -
P
( because of inter electronic

Repnin N -
N)
MBB
-

Reactivity
towards
Hydrogen
(
Hydrides)
-

Reactivity towards Oxygen

( oxides)

( Halides)
-

Reactivity
towards
Halogens
metal
Reactivity
-
towards
 Reactivity
towards
Hydrogen
MHz Hydrides)
(
Teiehydeeide)
NH 3 ,
PH3 ,
AS Hz NH£
exist but PHS does not ←
PHz
.

Que :

does not .
( )
PFS
but PHS
Pets exist

"
Sol :
=
 P
PH**
TH 11 city

It regain
:S tange amt ?dof p2

from 3s to TI 1
transfer
-

to e
Excitn
energy /
3d
# Dl This
.

&
# Fs ? Dear Dll
¥ ! f. Gin
m
Bond
e, -
 St P
Pfs due to EN atom
,
appears on .

t ,

contract take place

¥5 s
t

d
-
decreases
gap
de

Excitn is possible

"

when
NOTE 8
'
d
'
orbital is used in
Hyb only
side atom is
electronegative .

PHS X SHG X I Hy E

PFS - SFG - Ifa =

 Hydrides PAEC Imp
)
Properties of
-0-3-7
Bonding H -

"" 3 point : a Intermolecular Forces a size

a)
Boiling
PH3 L Sbtlz L BiH 's
PH
3
L Astfzf MHz
,

overlapping
ASH 's
b) Thermal
stability : a

Sb Hz > Bi Hz

/
7 AS Hz 7
MHz 7 PH
Sbtlz z

AS}H3 Biltz
>

angle °qNHz 77,143

>
Biltz c ) Bond
-1 x .
°
Igo
1070 = 94
Intermolecular
down
group
the '

d) : Inc
sees character
.

Reducing
metallic
=
e)
Basicity : dec .
down a
group .
 B. A
of PH3 = 90 "
→ -
yb ?
¥7 Hybridism
p

s Mp

Bayi
"

1070
Hyb
-

of MHz
=
→ BA

P : Du 7
" :
1¥
-
3s glp ! h

d. " "
'
sis
 ;t? Ttp Ffs II
" : ' P : '

n* "

÷s÷
 N → Size small

( sps)
"

Hy
b
ep participate in

BA = 1070

big
P → size

lp does not participate in

hybrid

90°F
BA =

PHS
20 & Hz

As "'
's

L
Pty , S bH3
No
Hybn

g
sp3 ; go.mg Biltz
 Etr -
off
.

P onward elements when attached

MOTI and

lp will not
participate
with
Hydrogen ,

in
"
BA =9o°
and
Hyb

Sp
's PHS Has teddy
A

D¥
Astiz Hase

sbH3 Hate
"
INO
hyb
Biltz
 in 's
MHz is present
NO ep of sp

orbital
hybrid
s
Lp of PHZ - pure

Pares
d) Basicity :

✓3 > Potez 7 A%Hz > 551433 Bing

's
sp

ammonia is basic
of
more
solution
aqueous
than PHS '

nµ+
 Reducing character
e) : Increases down
group
a

Reactivity
towards Oxygen (oxides
oxides metallic
-
Non -

oxides

-
Acidic

M2 03 M2
5

⇐ 3) 457

P2 03 N 203 17205, H2O -5

,
 number Oxides
N
forms of :

laughing
gas
→ " 20

No
*"

C- 27
} neutral

}
N 203 ( +3 )

" 02 (t "
-

Nzoy ft le ) agg ,

14205 ( +5£ most Acidic

 oxide
metallic
Oxyacid of same as

⇐
Non

+3
+3
N 203
¥3 HN Oz

+5
1-
5 H2O
H2O 5
→ HNOZ

-13
+5
1- 4 H2O t HN Oz
HNO 2
NO -3
of ,

1- 3
H2O
P2 Oz -3 Hzpoz

1- 5 H2O
Hz
19205 -
Poy
 Reactivity towards metal

→ metal + Nz - Nitrides

H2O
Nz -7
Mg + Nz →
Mgs
rt -

Ht ou

Phosphide
→ metal t Pee -

Cazpz
Rule 8
€> NH's
Nitrides
H2O
Phosphide - pH
,
 Reactivity
towards
Halogen
( Halides)

MX -5
Mxz
( 45 ) ( except N )
← 37
NCI z PCB PFS
pets
,

( SPD
pyramidal
0
Trigonal
bi
pyramidal
JP -
Cl

Cl I NOTE 8 Nfz NC13 NBC

Cl , , 3
L -

explosive