key Points a Orbital Location of Lone Pairs

IP may not always be fixed or localized on the atom it is shown to be

·EX .: All (atoms have only single bonds spohybridized

N
N has only single bonds ,
and the C to which it is attached is sp ,
therefore ,

H
N is also spo hybridized N IP I IP IN IP occupies the spohybrid
spi
Overlaps :
spiN spCesp'N spC ..
sp'N SH orbital

All (atoms have double bond sp"hybridized

pyrrole"
one
Ni
But N has only single bonds spohybridized
H
Not purely sp hybridized because it is connected to sp
IP
Exhibits both hybridizations If sp2 : N
IP occupies
sp2P
Overlaps : spiN spespiN sp ..
spiN SH the unhybridized p orbital
.

sp2C DB
:

O, T >N SN
! Sp2N
pyridine p P
-

sp2 P occupies the sp"hybrid orbital

Overlaps : spiN spC-sp'N sp .
pN pC
P IPSN IP
<Psoccupy the spohybrid orbitals
"sp O
spi

Overlaps : sp>0 sp°C-sp>O SpC

O IN
Overlaps : sp20 spr) -sp20 sprC If sp2 IR
sp Exhibits
:

· sp2 P
both hybridizations (Ps occupy one sp"hybrid
acetone 8 : orbital and one unhybridized p orbital
HC C CH CandO sp"hybridized O IP IR
·
IPs occupy the sp2hybrid
sp2 P
Overlaps : sp20 sp2. pO pC . orbitals

I NHz C sp>hybridized ,
N spo hybridized
aniline
H
N IP
If sp2 : IP occupies the unhybridized p orbital
! H
sp2 P

Overlaps :.. Sp N spe spN .

SH ..
spN SH

8
:

8
HC sp>hybridized ,
O spohybridized
phenol IP <Ps
If sp2 :
O IP occupy one sp"hybrid
sp2 P
-

orbital and one unhybridized p orbital

Overlaps : sp20 sp sp20 .
SH