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liquid
µ .
Na
① Physical F- Radioactive
Rbc Cs
Li < Nack <
③ atomic size
Shell NET
Zeff → almost constant
Rb
Cs Fr
Na k
Li
wtzerr-p.se ✓
y
z
④ Cs
Li Na k Rb
Ionisation Energy
→
Eod
At .
Radius f ,
I.
( incomplete Periodic)
I. E.
lowest
Electropositive
(
=
Element)
Most
Table
↳ ⇐
Nature
Metallic character Reducing in
az.IE )
✗
( .
gaseous
stake
⑤ (Hydration Energy ) →
Rbt Cst
kt > >
hit > Nat >
d
Size chota
(more hydration)
[ charge density
* ⑥
Density : -
Cs
k Rb
Li Na
Mass 99 →
more increasing
Density MIT.me
-
to d¥n
In General density f on mowing up
'
Li = Is22s
Extra &e•
Is2252ps
/
3s
Na =
3523ps 3d tsl
Kr = 1¥52 PG
I.at <Feet
→=f
3d→
Volume VERY mass →
d-a.IT
Rbc Cs ) *
* (hi < k< Nas
___
⑦
soft Metals / Bcc structure / Packing → same
Melting Point →
at
↳
(Silvery metal Cyber packing )
knife)
( Easily cut by
soft Metal )
4° >Na,b ④
>
atteadiard
Bonding d t
Bond
Sizer , Metal Metal -
,
,
strength
moving up
to dogon ) .
Nature ✗ 1-
⑧ Electropositive LEE .
Rbc Cs
F- <
.
Na <
Li <
⑨ flameT_est :
-
d-
Flame Buren en
ke upas suit
renewed * * *
:÷÷¥¥Éi
Iseman
"
*
is more
Td
( Energy absorbed)
÷
is more
Pinel
flame)
Na C Reducing
Nat →
Ozd
(Energy released)
lo±p
⑥⑥f-
Pt mine
@ act -144 ) →
paste
↳ ( Emission spectrum )
I. Eu )
(due to low
"É#÷
Li
]
sr
a - animas
→ Red
Red violet
wa
→
.. Rb
K → ✓ oil et
es → Blue
Green Crpfshj
Ba →
Na → yellow .
(Photoelectric effect)
: -
↳ how I
alkalimetats
chemicalpeeopeties
:
of
-
Nature
① Reducing
↳ (Removal of eo )
)
Nature in gaseous
< Nac
KC Rb <
Cs C Reducing stale
hi
In water
Nac KC
Rbc Cs
<
④ Reducing Nature )
C.
② Kinetic
Reactivity ( Kon fast Reaction
Kaeegaj
Thermodynamic Reactivity ( Kon Sabse
Tyada Energy
release
kuega
)
Li)
( s > Rb > K > Na >
( kinetic Reactivity )
) (Thermodynamic Reactivity)
> Na
( Li > Cs > Rb > K
&
↳ -02
mainly Iz
N3
-
Nz →
02
-
of
-
O → 05 →
→
M 1- air EA , + F- AHEAD
3-
NIN - N - N
Nz→
( absoiebtion )
( absorption)
Is 202
-
# 05 ¥ of
-
Oz Endo
Endo,
EIO
For formation of ionic compound
Main factor is
Lattice Energy : -
Kt Rb -1 > Cst
Lit > Nat >
>
1
Easily Compensate Energy required to
Very high
2. E , Can
form Nitride & Oxide
.
4°, N ]
Liao
Chi
+
+ air →
is formed
¥02
.
in small amount
Nazo ,
+ No Nitride
Na + air →
Low LIE .
Cs Oz
Koz Rboz
M ( K / Rb / Cs ) + air →
MIZ y ,
,
ReaÉr : -
-0
M + H2o
→ MEAN 1- H±f + on
acids
Rxw with
Mt HCl →
M -1+9-0 + 4=27
Metal loose eo
Easily .
R¥
M + can son
→ Mt + Cz4s0° +
HIT
amide
¥"
M + MHz (g)
→
M+Nµj0+µ%
Hzf ( moleeleedeeeing
hi + Nhs (g)
→ Liz NH
imide
+
Nature )
Reaction with liq .
NH, / NH, Cterminology)
[MIL
µ
dit solution
NH, solute -_
M
solvent =
solution CM ]f
Conch
Kal -0
WH, is more Basic as
4+0 on
Hao ¥
+
water
¥-92 H⑦ + v49 Compare to
NY,
water is more ienisable
( Ka , >>>
>
Kay
HE +
Feed → Meeeee / unpaired →
Paramagnetic
* g-
}
-
-
µ ↳
Reducing agent
\ due to
-
_M_⑥&¥
Conductivity →
All S block metals show leeaction with liq . NH} Except Be and
High EI
.
due to
My
VM = ✗
due to Void creation
z > ✗ +
y
Ée@¥
Vny ,
= y
✓ = 2
Soir
Volute 9
→
Hat + MN%
liq NH
☐→
M + .
,
Colourless , Diamagnetic
due to MO / NH? ✓
conductivity
→
Mt + Me
M 1-
liq . NH
,
→
Mzmolwecule
(Diamagnetic / weakly paramagnetic
=
→ Bronze colour
conductivity d formation
→
due to
of M±
→ M + liq.NU ,
→ 429 + Compete
+
impurity
✓
d block Metal
I
lewis =Tñ
acid
levels base
#
Reaction with halogen : -
psionic lattice
- -
mm
ummm
MX Cs )
M -1×2 →
covalent )
Licl , ↳ Br ,
hits →
=
( predominately
Elazar 's Ruled
✓
(ionic
=
Lattice)
=
Mx
+1×24,→
Cs)
☐" Mls)
formation
if I B. E.
=Eo
✗ (g)
Mcg )
tteo
II.
⇐A
E.
✗
-0cg
feel ease Energy) Mig, +
Rb ✗ < Csx
tix ( Nax < KX <
✗
✗ = Clo Bro , Do
,
↳⇐ • ✗
¥-0 For CIO
so >
Bro
set
12°
↳ E. a
¥
↳ ho fir hum boat kaenge
sabkeliye
Same
gaya
I. Eo af .
= =
Jiske
liye sabse Eam
III.
in case of fluorides
8-1=80
WE . ✗
¥+0
KR Rbf > Csf
> Naf >
.
>
Lif
00 0+-0 Lattice is
→ week
weak
Oo 00
( lattice) →
Reaction with hydrogen
Ñ%° Mon + not
-
M + n,
Cs 4
< Name KH < Rb4<
him
( release Energy )
=
☐
Hf
Io > 40 > Bro
Oxysaits : -
Catboat SOE
"
① fer 02
-
increases soya
-
down
.
up to →
② Thermal stability ✗
ptg
< cszco,
4^2 coz <
.
- .
.
- .
-
.
Liao coat
Cisco,→☐
+
-
/ R / Rb /
✗
Na Cs
② Sulphate
cszso +
C solubility )
lizso+ < -
- - - - - . .
CThermal stability)
< cszso,
7¥ LizSO¢C .
.
. . .
.
d- Liao + so, f
4- zso,
→☐ ✗
walk / Rb / a
③ Nitrates
> CSNO ,
solubility Lino, >
CCSNO}
7. S .
LINO, C - - - - .
↳ 420 -1 NO , + Oz
Ling
NANO
↳ NaN Oz 1- 02
I strongly
,
heat
Nazo + Nzt 02
Compounds of alkalimetats
① Sodium chloride
hydroxide / caustic
soda
② sodium
① Nacl
seawater
-80ohm Crude salt
µH~O
-
Soluble
Insoluble
Impure NaCl
Impunity
( Cacia Mgdz)
,
Ept ←
ao Nacht + cackcagj-mgch.ca
Cs )
ppt
NAH coz
-
.
Process
Solveig
Caco, b- Cao t coz
NCOs
+ CO2
-1 420 →
CN Hp)
@ 4,42cg
Max recovery
Natl cost +
11+4 of NH,
É NH
,
-1 Cada
H2O
Nhi
+
size of Kt =
cos
KHCO, > Natl
'
[ Ins
① Electronic
Configuration →
Ooso +2
General
=
solid
state →
② Physical
Ra
Bao
Fcc Bcc
Hop
③ Atomic Size
Ba C shell no 9)
mgccacsrc
.
Be <
> Ba
✓
④
Sr
> Ca >
I•_ Be > mg
Sr Ba
Ca
⑥ MÉgit
: -
Be Mg
due to Hep structure
Be > ca >
sr > Ba >
Mg
⑦ Density
Be
Mg
Ca Sr Ba ¥ a = b =/ C
Sr < Ba
Be <
Cac Mgc
✓
Eff Easily Break
able
.
1
REP
(like
as
Na> K )
Nature
Electropositive
:
⑧
-
cacsrc.BA
Bes
Mgc
⑨ Flame.IT
due RE
Photoelectric effect
: -
to
high
10J ✗
show)
Edo not
(chemical Peeopeuties)
: -
?⃝
Reducing Nature < Ca < Src
Ba
Be < Mg
-1
Be ÉÉ Bet ¥-5 Be
-12
Every endothermic)
I. E , TI ED -
(02-112)
µ Very high
-12
)
air
③ Reaction with
lattice Energy
M + air → MO + Mz Nz
Natak
=
react with
air my T
cat Room flash
My
← Bulb
Temperature)
is Used .
Reaction with
g
ka Sr Ba) hot water → Mg ( 042 + Hat
, ,
my +
- ✗
Be -1 H2o
due to formation
of Protective layer of oxide on it's surface
Reactions with acids
Mt liq .
NH, - [ McNab ) ] "+ ,
[e°(N%)y]z
(dark blue / Black)
due to high EE .
Reaction
do not show
Be &
My
RÉÉ : -
M + ✗
<
- Ñ×Ics )
Bex, → Covalent
Peredominantly covalent
-
( ✗ =cl Britt →
Mgx
,
,
Befz NH ,< HE + Be →
(NH¢)z[BeF+ ]
↳
N4sf +24ft + Be
Beotc -1cL
↳ COT -1 B¥
Beck
,
→
?⃝
React with 42
MHz
Mt H
,
→
Bef, + LiA1H¢
→ Ben , -1 -4°F 1- ALF, +
(
Released
Enemy )
carbonates GOI
)
-0
-
go f moving
fon
02
-
on
up to down
MCO}
< Baco,
Be cos <
Environment of coz
Beco, kept in
Beo + coat
Becoz
-
Backward .
Thermal stability
< Bac NO>2
Be@ Os) C- -
- - - -
MCNO, ) → MO t NO- 1- Oz
,
sulphate : -
SOE Ms of
7- S
Be < < Ba
-
Beso , > - -
- > Bas Op (solubility
↳ MO t sozt Oz ✓
Msoq
compeeundsofalkale.net#
:-( Cao)
Quicklime
A- Cao + coz
limestone
Quick
time .
✓
(
Cao + tho → Caco Hkcs)
É ca COHL Milk of
lime )
white
slaked lime
afs.int Turbidity
UH Lott ( Pan
Khaya had
/ HIGH
D- Hsia at I
3-
• •
Atlas
41st)
Caco 4) ( clear
lime
a.
water
sold
@tÉuiA
metal )
←
② Caco,
famous
,
③ Casa
Caso Cag, + coat
Caco, t dit .
Has 0¢ → ,
+ H2O
↳
added to cement
- Caso,< 02420 ( Gypsum)
(
to increase setting time)
Jaldi ho cement
DIRT cement
day na
,
accha structure
locking honichahiyeacchi
atom Tabhi
Hated d-
☐→ Caso -
1-24,0
↳ Cas 0¢
Caso .
2h20 ,
,
Dead Burned
pop
plaster
contest site Caruth unit
(ceiling) stat Fat af
GypsumNTItani
pop
Aluminate silicate
cement : -
ca
}
-
-
cat Sio
Aloi
and ion
of its atom
.
the
lithium is much harder, it mop .
and bop ane
higher than
①
other alkali metal .
the ,
④ Li forms
hydrate ,
( deliquescent )
form hydrate
solid form but other
not obtained in
⑤ ↳ HCG is
Carbonate
alkali metals form solid Hcg
-0 o
Ctlydoogen
*
*⑥* hi + Cath
→ ✗ ( NO Mention) mat net of
I. E of lif
Na t GHz → Nazca 1- 429
Ethynide
→ lithium Unlike other alkali metals do not form ethynide on
same Size
① almost
react
③ lithium and magnesium much less Soluble
and
hydroxides
are
and
Their Oxide
decompose on
heating .
their hydroxides
with Nz
direct combination
④ Both form Nitride by
↳N & Mg N >
combine with
do not
⑤ The Oxides , Liao and
Mgo oxide
super
.
peroxide
or a
a
to
Excess Oz give
decompose
Carbonates of lithium and magnesium
⑥ The
coz
form oxide and
.
the
Easily on
healing to
solid Carbonates .
do not form
⑦ &
Li
Mg Ethanol
in
soluble
.
are
⑧ Both hid &
Mgclz
⑨ Both farms hydrates
lid 2420
] (deliquescent
☐
2420
Mgclzo
Anomalous behaviour of
BeBe
Exceptionally
has small atomic & ionic size thus does not
of the groupsize
.
members
with other
compare well
and small It forms
of high ionisation enthalpy
get Easily hydrolysed
Because .
covalent and
compounds which are
largely
In its
more than 4 as
Exhibit Con
not
.
Be does
four orbitals
Only
.
The teemaining
members of the
group Orbitals
df d- .
by making
use
C. No of six
amphoteric in
of other
Elements in the
group ,
are
Nature .
Be & Al
between
→
relationship
.
Diagonal ratio
EN & Same charge/radius
① same
oxides on
to form Complexes
③ Both have tendency
tetrahedral Complex Befit
B- ] -
Also
At →
Octahedral Complex
Hydrolysis
ionic Compound +420 →
Atx BT + tho
- A- ( 041×-1 BHY
metal
Hydroxide
→ Bacon,
H2O water
Bao +
Clear soil Baryta
+ H2O
metal Nitride + Hao
→
metal
Hydroxide
NH]
→ Mcon ), +
Ms N t H2o
Colon ) + NU,
→
H2o ,
Cazn ,
+
9- ( ( out, + NH
,
→
the
AIN 1-
-1 Phs /
Metal phosphide + tho → metal hydroxide
pst\pn
Mt
yweak-B-asemc.com ,
④
,
→ Cad, +
+ my
cash
Cash + reel → Cada -1 M¢ 4%(1%7)
④ Metal ttulphide 1- H2O → metal hydroxide + Has
Allon ] + Has
Asks, + no →
1-
metal Hydroxide 4202
metal Peroxide + He →
③
Preparation
-1^+05 of His
but
4202
ZNAOK + H2O,
N 9202 +2420
% Naoh + 02
Nada -12420
His unstable at R_
reaction)
⑥ Metal Superoxide ( disproportionation
KOH 1- Hzoz -1 Oz
KO, -1 H2O →
Rue of dihydrogen
tlydualilh
when
species give
same product
which pain of
with water .
heart
Sr & soo
⑨
④ Cao & Can
⑤ Cao & Ca
④ Ca & Cakes
⑧ metal Amide + no
→ Hydroxide +
NI ,
Metal imide
→ Naont NH>
NaN Lt 420
Boride
⑨ Metal
M Conte -1 BIG
→
Mt
"
Bt + no
Metal Carbide
a-
methane.de acetylide allylide
d- CE
ng
block + Lankan
( Belay s
"
↳ monk + ↳ H+ allyl .
Ms →
Mong
9h ,
G- Cac , -6 coconut
*
:
oxyacetylene welding
-
→ Coloma + Chief
Cacz + 420 =
Caa
Exothermic
skates R±u
☐☐ -
at two