Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODS

The chapter presents the research methodology and procedures that will be used

in investigating this study. It also included discussion of the research design, research

environment, the respondents, data gathering procedures and sampling technique in

the research.

Research Design

This study will use descriptuve research method. Descriptive research method is a

Descriptive research aims to accurately and systematically describe a population,

situation or phenomenon. It can answer what, where, when and how questions, but

not why questions. A descriptive research design can use a wide variety of research

methods to investigate one or more variables. Descriptive research is an appropriate

choice when the research aim is to identify characteristics, frequencies, trends, and

categories. It is useful when not much is known yet about the topic or problem.

Before you can research why something happens, you need to understand how, when

and where it happens (McCombes, 2019). And the design used to conduct this study

is, cross-sectional design.

Research Environment

The locale of this study is in Pagadian City, Zamboanga del Sur. The researchers

chose the specifically Pagadian Cty, for the reason that, the city has a lot of terminals

and public utility vehicles. In addition, Pagadian City has a lot of commuters who

uses bus for travelling, for that reason, the reserachers will be able to gather the

appropriate number of respondents for this study.

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Research Participants

The research subjects and respondents are the daily commuters from Pagadian

City. The respondents are grouped according to which demographic profile they

belong. Each differ from age, gender, and educational attainment. The researchers

will choose 50 and above numbers of respondents each group to get the desired data

for the study. All respondents uses public utility vehicle such as bus as a means of

travelling.

Sampling Technique

In conducting this study, the researchers will use a stratified sampling

tehnique. Stratified sampling involves dividing the population into subpopulations

that may differ in important ways. It allows you draw more precise conclusions by

ensuring that every subgroup is properly represented in the sample. To use this

sampling method, you divide the population into subgroups (called strata) based on

the relevant characteristic, e.g., gender identity, age range, income bracket, job role

(Scribbr, 2019). And in this study, the data will be gathered to which the researchers

grouped according to age, gender, and educational attainment to look-into the

significant difference of perception of daily commuters with the mandatory drug

testing and alcohol level checking among bus drivers in Pagadian City. The

researchers will use a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) in measuring the

perception of the daily commuters towards the mandatory drug testing and alcohol

level checking of bus drivers in Pagadian City.

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Research Instrument

The data relevant to the study will be through primary source using self-made

survey questionnaire that will be handed directly to the respondents and aids with

personal interviews for some issues not clear. Secondary data was taken from the

books, & internet.

Data Collection Procedures

Prior to the conduct of the study, permission to float the questionnaires will be

obtained from the School Principal. After the approval, the questionnaires will be

administered to the participants. Attached to each questionnaire was a letter

explaining the intent of the study. The researcher will administer personally the

questionnaires to the respondents.

The study will be carried out in terminals in Pagadian City, as well as the City

Centre where commuters are much abundant and common. The researchers choose

The Perceptions of the Daily Commuters on the Mandatory Drug Testing and Alcohol

Level Checking of the Bus Drivers in Pagadian City and proceed to propose their

chosen study to their instructor for approval.

The following protocols in administering the questionnaire will be observed.

First, the respondnets will be assured that the survey will keep their personal

information confidential. They will also be reminded of the purpose of the test and the

importance of genuine efforts and honesty to ensure the validity of the test. Second,

they were asked to sign the Informed Consent Form to confirm that they agreed to

take part in the study and that they understood their voluntary participation in the

study.

A self-administered survey is a questionnaire that is designed explicitly to be

completed by a respondent without an interviewer's assistance (or bias). Self-

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administered surveys are widely used for collecting quantitative research data

(Bodine, 2022). The respondents will be asked to answer the 50 items of the survey

questionnaire. To determine their perceptions towards the study based on their

geographical profile, their answers will be gathered and computed.

Scoring Procedure

The researcher will utilize the Adjective Rating Scale, to represent respondent

feedback in a comparative form for the mandatory drug and alcohol tetsing to bus

drivers in Pagadian City. The survey respondents are expected to rate an attribute or

feature. The rating scale is a variant of the popular multiple-choice question, which is

widely used to gather the information that provides relative information about a

specific topic.

Table 1. Adjectival Scoring Range

Weight Mean Range Adjectival Rating

4 3.51-4.50 Always

3 2.51-3.50 Often

2 1.51-2.50 Sometimes

1 1.0-1.50 Never

Statistical Tool

The researchers will use a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) in finding the

significant difference of the data. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) is

used to determine whether there are any statistically significant differences between

the means of three or more independent groups (Doogue, 2019). The ANOVA test

allows a comparison of more than two groups at the same time to determine whether

a relationship exists between them. The result of the ANOVA formula, the F statistic
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(also called the F-ratio), allows for the analysis of multiple groups of data to

determine the variability between samples and within samples (Kenton, 2022).