Research Methods and Statistics for

Public and Nonprofit Administrators 1st

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 Research Methods and Statistics for Public and Nonprofit Administrators
Nishishiba, Jones and Kraner
Instructor Resource

Chapter 10: Comparing Means of More than Two Groups

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. _______________________ is used when you are comparing more than two related groups.

a. Factorial ANOVA

b. Mixed design ANOVA

c. One-way ANOVA

*d. Repeated measures ANOVA

2. Repeating a t-test multiple times to compare more than two groups results in raising the
chance of a ____________________.

*a. type I error

b. type II error

c. type III error

d. type IV error

3. A researcher conducts an ANOVA and finds a significant result, what should be done next?

*a. post-hoc test

b. beta test

c. alpha test

d. omnibus test
 Research Methods and Statistics for Public and Nonprofit Administrators
Nishishiba, Jones and Kraner
Instructor Resource

4. A group of researchers is interested in if there is a statistically significant difference in the

average number of clients served in four different departments. To answer this question, what
type of ANOVA should they use?

a. Factorial ANOVA

b. Mixed design ANOVA

*c. One-way ANOVA

d. Repeated measures ANOVA

5. _______________________ is an indicator of magnitude of difference between groups.

*a. effect size

b. p-value

c. F-statistic

d. significance

6. The ANOVA is known as a(n) _____________________ because it only indicates whether or

not there is a significant difference between the groups, not between which groups the difference
lies.

a. post-hoc test

b. beta test

c. alpha test

*d. omnibus test

7. ___________________ is calculated as the between sum of squares divided by the combined

between sum of squares and the within sum of squares.

a. degrees freedom

b. t-statistic
 Research Methods and Statistics for Public and Nonprofit Administrators
Nishishiba, Jones and Kraner
Instructor Resource

*c. eta square

d. F-statistic

8. An assumption of the ___________________ is that the observations are independent of one

another.

*a. one-way ANOVA

b. paired samples t-test

c. paired samples ANOVA

d. repeated measures ANOVA

9. Classroom A scores an average of 89 on an exam, classroom B scores an average of 85 on the

exam, and classroom C scores an average of 94 on the exam. You run an ANOVA test and find
a p-value of .50. What is the next step you would take?

a. Run a post-hoc test

b. Reject the null hypothesis

*c. Reject the research hypothesis

d. Determine the F-statistic

10. The dependent variable in a repeated measure ANOVA is what type of variable?

a. grouping

*b. continuous

c. ordinal

d. nominal
 Research Methods and Statistics for Public and Nonprofit Administrators
Nishishiba, Jones and Kraner
Instructor Resource

11. A graduate student is interested how her numerical grade is impacted based on in which
department she is taking the course and the gender of the professor. What type of ANOVA
would she have to run to answer this question?

*a. Factorial ANOVA

b. Mixed design ANOVA

c. One-way ANOVA

d. Repeated measures ANOVA

12. What statistic does an ANOVA produce?

a. t-statistic

b. ANOVA value

*c. F-statistic

d. t-value

13. A ________________ is used to compare the means of two independent groups.

*a. independent t-test

b. paired samples t-test

c. one-way ANOVA

d. repeated measures ANOVA

14. A _________________ is used when the researcher is interested in the effect of one or more
grouping variables on one or more repeated measures.

a. Factorial ANOVA

*b. Mixed design ANOVA

c. One-way ANOVA
 Research Methods and Statistics for Public and Nonprofit Administrators
Nishishiba, Jones and Kraner
Instructor Resource

d. Repeated measures ANOVA

15. After Jim runs his ANOVA he finds that station 3 is significantly different from station 5.
He then looks at the ______________ for each station to determine which station has
significantly faster response times.

a. F-statistic

b. t-statistic

*c. mean response time

d. eta square

16. In Emily’s case she will be utilizing a ____________________ to evaluate the difference in
cultural competence between departments.

a. repeated-measures ANOVA

*b. one-way ANOVA

c. independent t-test

d. paired samples t-test

17. After you run an ANOVA you find levene’s statistics is .08. From this you will assume that
the group ________________ is ____________________.

*a. variance; not significantly different

b. variance; significantly different

c. central tendency; not significantly different

d. central tendency; significantly different

18. What is the minimum recommended number of cases for each group in ANOVA?

a. 45
 Research Methods and Statistics for Public and Nonprofit Administrators
Nishishiba, Jones and Kraner
Instructor Resource

*b. 15

c. 30

d. 5

19. For Jim’s case, one of his hypotheses is: Station 1 mean response time=Station 2 mean
response time= (etc.) = Station 8 mean response time. This is considered his ____________
hypothesis.

*a. null

b. research

c. working

d. alternative

20. Regardless of which ANOVA test is performed, there is an assumption that the data is
__________________.

a. leptokurtic

*b. normally distributed

c. platykurtic

d. skewed

21. An effect size of .21 would be considered a(n) ________________ effect size.

a. small

*b. medium

c. large

d. insignificant
 Research Methods and Statistics for Public and Nonprofit Administrators
Nishishiba, Jones and Kraner
Instructor Resource

22. A(n) ____________________ is needed to determine between which groups there is a

significant difference.

*a. post-hoc test

b. beta test

c. alpha test

d. omnibus test

23. If the F-statistic ratio produces a result of _________________, then the variability due to
the within group differences and the variability due to the between group differences are the
same.

a. 0

*b. 1

c. 2

d. 3

24. The __________________ is a ratio of the amount of variability between groups compared
to the amount of variability within each group.

a. t-statistic

b. ANOVA value

*c. F-statistic

d. t-value

25. If your research includes more than two groups and you perform multiple t-tests rather than
an ANOVA, there is a chance of _________________.

*a. alpha inflation

 Research Methods and Statistics for Public and Nonprofit Administrators
Nishishiba, Jones and Kraner
Instructor Resource

b. beta inflation

c. sampling error

d. sample error

True/False

26. Jim will be using a one-way ANOVA to compare the response time during the years 2009,
2010, and 2011.

a. True

*b. False

27. The null hypothesis in ANOVA is that the mean of the samples are not equal.

a. True

*b. False

28. In ANOVA, a small sample size increases the likelihood of violating the homogeneity of
variance assumption.

*a. True

b. False

29. From the ANOVA one can determine between which groups there is a difference.

a. True

*b. False

30. A significance test indicates the degree of difference between two groups.

a. True
 Research Methods and Statistics for Public and Nonprofit Administrators
Nishishiba, Jones and Kraner
Instructor Resource

*b. False

31. A post-hoc test is used to determine which specific groups are different from one another
once the ANOVA is shown to be significant.

*a. True

b. False

32. Calculating the variability between groups for the F-statistic is based on the comparison of
the mean of each group.

*a. True

b. False

33. The Bonferroni approach and LSD approach are examples of post hoc tests.

*a. True

b. False

34. df is the symbol for deviance of freedom.

a. True

*b. False

35. The within-group sum of squares is the difference between the mean of all scores and the
mean of each group’s score, squared

a. True

*b. False
 Research Methods and Statistics for Public and Nonprofit Administrators
Nishishiba, Jones and Kraner
Instructor Resource

Essay

36. What is the difference between a one-way ANOVA and a repeated measures ANOVA?

*a. varies

37. What does the p-value and effect size tell you about the hypothesized relationship?

*a. varies

38. What is the purpose of using an ANOVA analysis?

*a. Varies