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  • Reported Speech I Facts & Figures

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    The document provides examples of how to change verbs and time references when converting direct speech into reported or indirect speech. It lists common verb tenses and their equivalents in reported speech, such as changing "said" to "said that." It also gives examples of how to change references to specific times and places, such as changing "yesterday" to "the previous day" or "here" to "there" when reporting someone's words indirectly.

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    Reported Speech i Facts & Figures

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    The document provides examples of how to change verbs and time references when converting direct speech into reported or indirect speech. It lists common verb tenses and their equivalents in reported speech, such as changing "said" to "said that." It also gives examples of how to change references to specific times and places, such as changing "yesterday" to "the previous day" or "here" to "there" when reporting someone's words indirectly.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    14 views3 pages

    Reported Speech I Facts & Figures

    Uploaded by

    topmusiclyrics03
    The document provides examples of how to change verbs and time references when converting direct speech into reported or indirect speech. It lists common verb tenses and their equivalents in reported speech, such as changing "said" to "said that." It also gives examples of how to change references to specific times and places, such as changing "yesterday" to "the previous day" or "here" to "there" when reporting someone's words indirectly.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 3

    Approximately – około / w przybliżeniu;

    Just over – trochę ponad

    Slightly less than – nieco mniej niż

    Substantially – znacznie

    Fractionally – ułamkowo

    Somwhere in the region of – gdzieś w okolicach

    Roughly – mniej więcej / w przybliżeniu

    About - około

    Grow gradually – rosnąć stopniowo

    Rise substantially - wzrosnąć znacznie

    Drop slightly – lekko spaść

    Grow rapidly - szybko rosnąć

    A significant drop - znaczny spadek

    Fill us

    A recent

    What’s that

    claimed that

    roughly speaking

    how should we

    can we look

    according to a recent

    so the bottom line

    the overriding trend


    Oto zestawienie zmian czasów:

    mowa niezależna mowa zależna


    Present Simple » Past Simple
    Sue said "I don't like him." » Sue said (that) she didn't like him.
    Present Continuous » Past Continuous
    "The sun is shining," he said. » He said the sun was shining.
    Past Simple » Past Perfect
    Monica said "I wrote a letter." » Monica said she had written a letter.
    Present Perfect » Past Perfect
    "I have lost my keys," said Mike. » Mike said (that) he had lost his keys.
    Present Perfect Continuous » Past Perfect Continuous
    Mr Brown said "I've been working for this Mr Brown said he had been working for that
    »
    company for 3 years." company for 3 years.
    Future Simple » Future in the Past
    "I will do it tomorrow," said Jenny. » Jenny said she would do it the next day.
    Future Continuous » Future Continuous in the Past
    "She will be working on the project George said she would be working on the
    »
    tomorrow at 5," said George. project the next day at 5.

    mowa niezależna mowa zależna


    will » would
    can » could
    may » might
    shall » should
    would » would
    could » could
    might » might
    should » should

    Czasów zaprzeszłych oczywiście nie można jeszcze bardziej cofnąć. Zostawiamy je w takim
    przypadku bez zmian:

    mowa niezależna mowa zależna


    Past Perfect » Past Perfect
    Margaret said "I had hoped to meet him Margaret said she had hoped to meet him
    »
    finally." finally.
    Past Perfect Continuous » Past Perfect Continuous
    She said (that) she had been baking the cake
    She said "I had been baking the cake then." »
    then.

    Reported speech: określenia czasu w mowie zależnej

    last Monday/month → the Monday before, the month before


    two days/years ago → two days/years before
    yesterday → the day before, the previous day
    today → that day
    this month → that month
    at the moment → at the time
    now → then
    tomorrow → the following day
    next week → the following week
    the day after tomorrow → two days later

    Reported speech: określenia miejsca

    here → there
    in this place → in that place

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