Far Eastern University

Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

Formative Assessment 6

Research 2:

Fundamentals of Office and Co-

Working Space Planning and Design

Submitted to:
Ar. Camille Teoxon

Submitted by:
Asuncion, Kurt Matthew S.
Section 6

Page | 1
 Far Eastern University
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

Space Allocation and Space Analysis

Over the years, numerous developments and shifts have significantly
transformed our perception and utilization of offices and co-working spaces. These
transformations, driven by factors like technological advancements, the impact of the
pandemic, and evolving occupational demands, have played a pivotal role in shaping
the evolution of such environments.
Administrative tasks involve the handling and management of information.
However, the focus of office-related activities is shifting away from the traditional,
routine processing of data, such as card systems, towards more innovative and
analytical information processing and assessment, driven by advancements in data
storage and enhanced methods for information retrieval. In addition, employees are
gaining increasing significance in the structuring of office operations. Elements such
as the company's image (corporate identity), the layout of spaces designated for
breaks and relaxation, and the personalized arrangement of workstations all aim to
enhance employee productivity (Neufert & Neufert, 2012).
In previous years, research on workplace design indicated that the typical
office space allocated per employee ranged from approximately 75 to 150 square
feet, as per JLL (Urbin,2020). However, amid the pandemic, JLL's 2020 report noted
that the average space allocated per employee increased to 196 square feet. This
measurement encompasses not only dedicated desk space but also the surrounding
area, including meeting rooms and common spaces.
Within an office setting, employees engage in diverse tasks that demand
distinct types of workspaces. According to Neufert & Neufert (2012), there should be
a direct correlation between the specific responsibilities of employees and the
corresponding types of rooms necessary within an office (See Figure 1).

Every employee should have an allocated workspace for their individual tasks,
commonly referred to as a staff work point (Macquarie University, n.d). These work
points are ideally situated within the office or administrative areas, positioned
alongside primary access pathways (See Figure 2).

Page | 2
 Far Eastern University
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

In addition, Petrusky (2020) suggests that, in consideration of the impact of

pandemic pertaining to the safety of employees and for offices and co-working
spaces to operate with increased efficiency, specific space allocations are
recommended:
 Common areas: 80-100 square feet per person
 Conference rooms: 25-30 square feet per person
 Executive offices: 90-150 square feet
 Open workstations: 60-110 square feet per person
 Quiet rooms: 10-100 square feet for every 10 workstations
Besides space allocations and their relationship to each other, another factor
to consider in designing offices is materials. The choice of materials for an office's
interior is gaining growing significance. These materials serve as a reflection of
corporate identity and it is also crucial to prioritize the comfort and welfare of
employees as they go about their daily tasks, ultimately enhancing the company's
overall value (Coblonal, 2018).

Page | 3
 Far Eastern University
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

Most commonly used materials for the interiors of offices are glass, wood,
metal, concrete, and stone. There are particular reasons why these materials are
deemed most appropriate when it comes to the interior design of an office.
In the realm of commercial interior design, glass stands out as the foremost
choice among designers. Thanks to remarkable technological advancements, glass
has now reached a remarkable level of durability. Glass screens offer an ideal
solution for both partitioning a space and enhancing its visual sense of spaciousness
(Sarkar, 2023). Within office environments, glass partitions excel at segmenting the
workspace into distinct areas and zones for work, effectively providing both acoustic
and thermal isolation (Colobnal,2018). The versatility of glass extends to
contemporary office furniture, where it is commonly found in features like tabletops
and sleek shelves.
Wood is not only one of the most prevalent materials but is also abundantly
available, originating from both natural and man-made sources (Proce, 2022). Wood
stands out as a material that effortlessly establishes a connection with the natural
environment, making it an excellent choice for a variety of applications, including
desk tables, doors, frames, and decorative objects (Colobnal, 2018).
In commercial interior design, natural materials like wood impart an
enchanting aesthetic. The unique warmth they bring to the space is unparalleled,
creating an inviting ambiance that can effectively counter the stresses of work.
Moreover, these materials offer the flexibility to adapt to different interior design
styles, catering to a wide range of needs and preferences (Sarkar, 2023).
Metal is an essential material in construction due to its aesthetics and
durability. While traditionally used for technical purposes, it now adds aesthetic value
(Sarkar, 2023). Copper and bronze can serve as decorative accents in modern
interior design. Metal finds applications in furniture, structural elements, and lighting
in office spaces (Proce, 2022). It's also environmentally friendly, as it can be recycled
without quality loss. Easy maintenance and long-lasting durability make metal a
practical choice.
Concrete, a prevalent construction material, has also found a place in interior
design. It offers an industrial aesthetic that complements other materials, creating a
contemporary balance (Colobnal, 2018). In contemporary office design, concrete is
versatile and stylish, appearing in furniture and decor like planters and tabletops
(Sarkar, 2023). The combination of concrete with wood and metal creates a striking
cold-warm contrast.
Stone is another frequently employed material in office design. Like wood, it
can be either natural or man-made, but the majority of applications involve synthetic
or concrete-based faux stone. Stone is commonly used for features such as front
desks, wall cladding, and identifiers, primarily in spaces where aesthetics play a

Page | 4
 Far Eastern University
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
significant role. Its appeal lies
in its natural luster and the perception of sturdiness it imparts (Proce, 2022)

Different Seating Layouts

The utilization of office space varies depending on the nature of the work
being performed. Employees engaged in creative tasks, for instance, may require
more meeting areas for collaborative projects, emphasizing the need for adaptable
space configurations. Given the diverse roles within most organizations, providing a
variety of workspace types would be a prudent approach (Petrusky, 2020).
The available choices for an office or co-working environment encompass a
spectrum, ranging from individual workstations within cubicle offices to communal
group rooms and even flexible workstations that are utilized only during specific
times, known as 'hot desking.' The greater the adaptability of the spaces within a
building, the more seamlessly an organization can adjust to constantly evolving
needs (Neufert & Neufert, 2012).
While there isn't a one-size-fits-all office design that perfectly accommodates
all of a company's functions, there are general layout principles based on function
that can be customized to suit various office scenarios (Fajardo, 2002).
Here are the different types of office spaces and its corresponding seating
layouts as suggested by Neufert & Neufert:

1. Open Plan Office - are appropriate for extensive teams of employees primarily
involved in collaborative tasks and routine activities with minimal need for
intense focus.

2. Single-room Offices - are ideal for individual work or focused tasks, such as a
private room for a single person or a small group of individuals who require
constant information exchange.

Page | 5
 Far Eastern University
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

3. Reversible Offices - represented an effort to enhance the working

environment in open-plan offices, which frequently suffer from various
shortcomings, such as a lack of differentiated air conditioning, limited access
to natural light, and disruptions in terms of visual and auditory factors. The
option to create a more efficient individual workspace, such as cubicles, when
the need arises for focused tasks, demanded a significant increase in
technical resources to Grensure flexibility.

4. Group Rooms - Are appropriate for teams that engage in continuous

information sharing. This office design was an endeavor to introduce room
configurations that allowed for greater individual autonomy, primarily by
adjusting the size of workspaces (up to a maximum of 7.5 meters from a
window), with the aim of enhancing the working conditions within an open-
plan setup.

5. Combi – Office - made to create a tailored room design that caters to the
specific needs of an office structure. This includes a flexible layout as needed,
the ability to accommodate group tasks, the provision of private spaces for
focused work, and a shared configuration for occasional communal activities.
It's particularly well-suited for autonomous, skilled work where the workspace
can adapt to the daily agenda.

Page | 6
 Far Eastern University
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

6. Hot Desk Offices - indicate an exceptionally adaptable work structure without

dedicated individual workstations. Emphasis is placed on the versatility of
room usage options and distinct room attributes.

Support Areas
In the modern landscape of office and co-working environments, the concept
of support areas has gained significant importance. These areas are integral to
fostering productivity, collaboration, and overall well-being among employees.
Support areas encompass a wide range of spaces designed to provide essential
amenities and facilitate various aspects of work, from informal meetings and
relaxation to efficient storage and technology access.
According to Neufert & Neufert (2012), these are the support areas necessary
in an office environment:
1. Entrance Area - The link between public and workspace is crucial, with key
functions encompassing the lobby, access control, information provision,
visitor registration, and the waiting area. Notably, this space serves as a
vital canvas for the company's corporate identity, as it often constitutes the
very first impression visitors encounter.
2. Conference Area - Conference areas should be easily accessible from the
entrance and include features like sliding partitions, tables, seating, AV
equipment, and storage or catering spaces (usually around 20% of the
total conference area). Noise reduction is crucial, and on average, you'll
need about 2.5 square meters per seat in the conference area, 0.3 to 1.0
square meters per workstation, depending on the setup.

Page | 7
Far Eastern University
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
3. Post Room - This
department handles the distribution of all incoming and outgoing mail and
parcels. The workstations, which include packing and sorting tables,
should be spacious enough to ensure efficient distribution, especially
during peak periods. The typical space requirement for each workstation is
0.3 to 0.5 square meters.

4. Archive Room - This department stores infrequently used files and

documents to meet legal requirements while optimizing space utilization.
Given the potential for paper archives to occupy a considerable area (10-
20 square meters per workstation), it's advisable to explore microfilming
and electronic archiving options early on. Archive rooms should be
designed to support an elevated floor loading capacity of 7.5-12.5 kN/m²,
especially when deploying mobile storage units.
5. Information Technology - These rooms require a raised floor of 70 cm to
accommodate extensive installations and must be equipped with effective
air conditioning. Ensuring stringent access control is of paramount
importance. Whenever feasible, it's advisable to have backup systems
located separately from the data center, preferably in fire-protected areas.
6. Social Areas - Canteens or dining facilities, often managed by external
companies, are typically situated in proximity to the reception area and
outside the access control, enabling access for visitors. Tea kitchens, on
the other hand, should be strategically placed as close to workstations as
feasible and integrated with communication zones. As a general guideline,
one kitchen of about 10 square meters is recommended for every 50-100
workstations.
7. Restrooms - Sanitary facilities must adhere to the Workplace Regulations,
and it's essential to maintain separation between the washbasin-equipped
anteroom and the toilet area. A recommended ratio is one toilet unit for
every 50-80 workstations, with an estimated space requirement of 0.6-0.8
square meters per workstation.
8. Cleaning Services - On each floor, there should be a designated cleaner's
room to serve as storage for cleaning equipment, equipped ideally with a
water supply and a bucket sink. Central waste management facilities,
which may include enclosed waste collection rooms with separate
containers and shredding equipment, should be considered. The caretaker
should also have access to a restroom, storage space, and a workshop,
ideally located centrally.
9. Other Special Areas – It is important to consider the need for garage
spaces that offer maintenance and parking for company vehicles, as well
as company sports facilities, a swimming pool, a sauna, and a
kindergarten.

Page | 8
 Far Eastern University
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

Case Study
Armazem Cowork

Armazem Cowork is a thriving co-working space located in the vibrant city of

Porto, Portugal. Its building originally served as a warehouse in the 19th century, a
testament to Porto's maritime history and industrial past (Caballero, 2023). The
structure, with its brick walls and large open spaces, reflects the architectural style of
the time (Archello, 2019). Preserving the warehouse's historical significance was a
key aspect of the renovation project, as it contributes to the charm and character of
the co-working space. The evolution of Armazem Cowork showcases how innovative
design and preservation of historical elements can coexist to breathe new life into an
urban space.
The interior of Armazem Cowork showcases a harmonious blend of the old
and the new. Original brick walls, wooden beams, and large windows were retained
to infuse the space with a sense of history and warmth (Armazém Cowork, 2022)
(See Figure 1). The architects worked closely with interior designers to create a
modern and functional layout. The co-working area is characterized by open
workspaces with flexible desk arrangements, fostering collaboration and networking
(See Figure 2).

Figure 1: Armazem Cowork Interior

Page | 9
 Far Eastern University
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

Figure 2: Floor Plan

The architects paid special attention to the warehouse's industrial elements.

Metal beams and columns were carefully restored and left exposed, contributing to
the industrial aesthetic of the space. Original pulleys and hoists, once used for cargo
handling, have been preserved as unique design features.
The heart of Armazem Cowork is the open co-working area (See Figure 3). It
features flexible desk arrangements, encouraging collaboration and networking
among members (Archello 2019). The area retains the original brick walls, wooden
beams, and large windows, infusing the space with a sense of history. Members
have access to shared workstations and can choose their preferred working spot.

Figure 3: Axonometric View

Armazem Cowork also offers private meeting rooms equipped with modern audio-
visual technology. These rooms are ideal for members who need a quiet and private space
for client meetings, presentations, or team discussions.

Page | 10
 Far Eastern University
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
At the center
hub for casual meetings and events. It's designed with comfortable seating arrangements,
greenery, and an abundance of natural light, creating a welcoming space for members to
connect, collaborate, and relax.

Moreover, throughout the workspace, you'll find various breakout areas. These
spaces are designed for informal meetings, brainstorming sessions, or simply a change of
scenery. They provide comfortable seating and are strategically located to cater to different
work needs.

Figure 4: Section

The architects paid special attention to the warehouse's industrial elements.

Metal beams and columns were carefully restored and left exposed, contributing to
the industrial aesthetic of the space. Original pulleys and hoists, once used for cargo
handling, have been preserved as unique design features.
Armazem Cowork exemplifies how adaptive reuse can breathe new life into
historic structures, transforming them into vibrant, contemporary spaces that foster
collaboration, innovation, and community building. The project showcases a
successful marriage of history, preservation, and modern functionality, making it a
model for co-working spaces around the world. Armazem Cowork in Porto stands as
a testament to the power of architecture to shape the future while honoring the past.

References:

Archello. (2019). ArmazemCowork | oitoo | Archello.

https://archello.com/project/armazemcowork

Armazém Cowork. (2022, November 10). Armazém Cowork - Armazém Cowork.

https://armazemcowork.pt/

Page | 11
 Far Eastern University
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
Caballero, P. (2023, February

28). Armazem Cowork / oitoo. ArchDaily.

https://www.archdaily.com/953607/armazem-cowork-oitoo?ad_campaign=normal-tag

Coblonal. (2018, November 6). The importance of materials for an office. Coblonal Interior

Design. https://www.coblonal.com/en/the-importance-of-materials-for-an-office/

Macquarie University. (n.d.). Staff work point - Property design guidelines. Macquarie

University Sidney Australia.

https://property.mq.edu.au/space_types/staff_spaces/staff_working_point

Neufert, E., & Neufert, P. (2012). Architects’ Data (4th ed.) [PDF]. John Wiley & Sons.

Petrusky, M. (2020, November 24). How Much Office Space Do We Need Per Employee?

iOFFICE. https://www.iofficecorp.com/blog/office-space-per-employee

Proce. (2022, April 14). Materials commonly used in office interior design and construction.

https://proce.vn/en/materials-commonly-used-in-office-interior-design-and-

construction/#:~:text=transliteration%20stone%2C%20marble.-,Other

%20materials,Bringing%20aesthetics%20creates%20good%20privacy.

Sarkar, S. (2023, May 24). 7 Trending materials for a stunning and modern office interior

design. Livspace Magazine. https://www.livspace.com/in/magazine/modern-office-

interior-design

Urbin, J. (2020, June 19). How will employee workspace needs change post-Coronavirus?

https://www.us.jll.com/en/views/how-will-employee-workspace-needs-change-post-

coronavirus

Page | 12
Far Eastern University
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

Page | 13