Statics of Rigid Body - Reviewer

Mechanics – may be defined as the science which considers the effects of forces on rigid
bodies.
Large cranes such as this are required to lift extremely large loads. Their design is based
on the basic principles of statics and dynamics, which form the subject matter of
Engineering mechanics.

PRINCIPLES OF STATICS
Rigid Bodies – defined as a definite amount of matter. The part of which are fixed in
position relative to each other.
Force – defined as those which changes, or tends to change, the state of motion of a body.
This definition applies to the external effects of a force.
Transmissibility – the principle of transmissibility states that the external effect of on a
body is the same for all points of application along its line of action.

CHARACTERISTIC OF A FORCE
1. Magnitude
2. Position of its line of action
3. Direction

SCALAR AND VECTOR QUANTITIES

1. Scalars – quantities which possess magnitude only
2. Vectors – quantities which possess both magnitude and direction

FORCE SYSTEMS
- Arrangement of forces where two (2) or more forces act on a body.

1. Coplanar – the lines of action of all the forces in a force system lie in one plane
2. Non-Coplanar – the lines of action of all the forces in a system lie on two or more plane.
3. Concurrent – forces whose lines of action pass through a common point.
4. Non-Concurrent – forces whose lines of action do not intersect/pass through a common
point.
5. Parallel – forces whose lines of action are parallel to each other.

FREE-BODY DIAGRAM
- A sketch of isolated body which shows only the forces acting upon the body.

AXIOM OF MECHANICS
The Parallelogram Law: the resultant of two forces is the diagonal of the parallelogram
formed on the vectors of these forces.
Two forces are in equilibrium only when equal in magnitude, opposite in direction, and
collinear in action.
 A set of forces are in equilibrium may be added to any system of forces without changing
the effect of the original system.
Action and reaction forces are equal but oppositely directed.

TRIANGLE LAW
- If two forces are represented by their free vectors placed tip to tail, their resultant
vector is the third side of the triangle.

COUPLES
- A couple is defined as two parallel forces that have the same magnitude, but opposite
directions, and are separated by a perpendicular distance “d”. Since a couple force
has the same magnitude but oppositely directed parallel forces, their resultant force is
just equal to zero. Hence, its effect will produce rotation in a specified direction. It is
also important to note that, their moment sum is constant and independent of the
moment center.

RESULTANT OF NON-CONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEMS

- A resultant of a force system is defined as a force which produces the same effect as
the original set of forces. The components of the resultant must therefore equal the
components effects of the given force system. Hence, the equations below are
needed to solve for the resultant force of a non-concurrent force system.

MOMENT OF A FORCE
The moment of a force about an axis or line is the measure of its ability to produce turning
or twisting about the axis.
The magnitude of the moment of a force about an axis which is perpendicular to a plane
containing the line of action of the force is defined as the product of the force and the
perpendicular distance from the axis to the line of action of the force.
Sign convention: since a force can cause rotation about an axis in either of two directions,
a convention is necessary to describe the direction of rotation.

VARIGNON’S THEOREM
- It states that the moment of a force about a point is equal to the sum of the moments
of the components of the force about the point.

RESULTANTS OF FORCE SYSTEMS

- The determination of the resultant of three or more concurrent forces requires
determining the sum of three or more vectors. The vectors can be resolved into
components that coincide with arbitrary chosen axes.

EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE SYSTEMS

CONDITIONS OF EQUILIBRIUM
A particle is said to be in equilibrium if it remains at rest if initially at rest, or has a constant
velocity if initially in motion.
 Statics deal essentially with the action of forces on bodies which are at rest. Such bodies
are said to be in equilibrium.
If the resultant force and resultant moment are both equal to zero, then the body is said to
be in equilibrium.

FREE-BODY DIAGRAM
It is necessary to show all the forces and couple moments that the surroundings exert on
the body so that these effects can be accounted for when the equations of equilibrium are
applied.
This diagram is a sketch of the outlined shape of the body, which represents it as being
isolated or “free” from its surrounding.

TYPE OF BODY REMOVED

1. Earth
2. Flexible cord, rope or cable (weight on neglected)
3. Smooth surface
4. Roller
5. Smooth pin or hinge

BASIC SUPPORT AND REACTION

1. Roller support
2. Hinge/pin support
3. Fixed support
BASIC LOADING
1. Concentrated load
2. Uniformly distributed load
3. Varying Load

ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES
- It is the process by which we determine how the loads applied to a structure are
distributed throughout the structure.
✓ Method of Joints
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✓ Method of Section ttps:/
✓ Method of Members Frames
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▪ Pin-connected type of structures
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✓ Pin-connected Trusses m/m
✓ Pin-connected Frames ail/u/
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▪ Pin-connected Truss assumptions
✓ All loadings are applied at ttps:/
joints
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✓ The members are joined together by smooth pins
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ANALYSIS OF FRAMES m/m
- A Structure is called a ail/u/
frame if some or all the members of a pin-connected structure
are subjected on bending action.
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