ENGLISH TASK

Task Unit 12

Lecture : H. Baharuddin K, SPd, M.Pd

Compiled By:

GROUP 1

Asdar (PO713201221009)

Musdalifa Muslimin (PO713201221022)

Nurul Ifadah (PO713201221030)

Puteri Nurhaliza Adam (PO713201221031)

Sitti Safira Al Haya (PO713201221039)

St. Ainun Alfath M. Taqwa (PO713201221040)

PRODI D3 JURUSAN KEPERAWATAN

POLITEKNIK KESEHATAN KEMENKES MAKASSAR

2023
Task 1: Answer The Following questions correctly

1. What is the purpose of breathing?

Answer = Breathing is important because all of the cells in your body require oxygen.
Without oxygen, your body wouldn't move. With breathing, we do inhale for the oxygen,
then do exhale for carbon dioxide from our body.

2. What is the process of breathing?

Answer = You receive oxygen from breathing in air and then the oxygen goes into your
blood which is then circulated throughout your entire body. You breathe with the help of
your diaphragm (which is a dome-shaped muscle under your rib cage) and other muscles
in your chest and abdomen. These muscles will literally change the space and pressure
inside your body cavity to accommodate your breathing. When your diaphragm pulls
down, it is making room for the lungs to expand. The lungs get bigger with air and pushes
the diaphragm down. The diaphragm also lowers the internal air pressure

About 18 - 20 times a minute, you breathe in. When you breathe, you inhale air
and pass it through your nasal passages where the air is filtered, heated, moistened and
enters the back of the throat. Air flows down through the windpipe, past the vocal cords
(voice box), to where the lowest ribs meet the center of your chest. This is where your
windpipe divides into two tubes which lead to each of the two lungs that fill most of your
ribcage. Each lung feels just like a sponge. Inside each of your sponge-like lungs, there
are tubes called bronchi which branch into even smaller tubes just like the branches of a
tree. At the end of these tubes are millions of itty bitty bubbles or sacs called alveoli. If you
were to spread out flat all of the air sacs in the lungs of an adult, the tissue would cover
an area about the third of the size of a tennis court

The alveoli sacs bring new oxygen from air you just breathed to your bloodstream.
It is here that a phenomenal exchange takes place. The oxygen is exchanged for waste
products, like carbon dioxide, which the cells in your body have made and can't use.

This phenomenal exchange works with the assistance of the red blood cells in your
bloodstream. Your red blood cells are like box cars on a railroad track. They will show up
at the sacs at just the right time, ready to trade in old carbon dioxide that your body's cells
have made for some new oxygen you just breathed in. During this process, the red blood
cells turn from purple to a sparkling red color as they start carrying the oxygen to ALL the
cells in your body.

The carbon dioxide (waste) that your body made and now can't use will go through
the lungs, back up your windpipe and out with every single exhale. This is a chemical 50
exchange of breathing in and out (inhalation/exhalation).

3. What are the those tiny air sacs for?

Answer = The alveoli sacs bring new oxygen from air you just breathed to your
bloodstream

4. What do the sacs do?

Answer = It is here that a phenomenal exchange takes place. The oxygen is exchanged
for waste products, like carbon dioxide, which the cells in your body have made and
can't use.

5. How does the oxygen/waste exchange work?

Answer = This phenomenal exchange works with the assistance of the red blood cells in
your bloodstream. Your red blood cells are like box cars on a railroad track. They will show
up at the sacs at just the right time, ready to trade in old carbon dioxide that your body's
cells have made for some new oxygen you just breathed in. During this process, the red
blood cells turn from purple to a sparkling red color as they start carrying the oxygen to all
the cells in your body.

6. What happens to the carbon dioxide?

Answer = The carbon dioxide (waste) that your body made and now can't use will go
through the lungs, back up your windpipe and out with every single exhale.

7. Find the terms of lung usually use in nursing area.

Answer =

 Tachypnea : is a condition when a person experiences an increase in respiratory

frequency. If someone experiences tachypnea, their respiratory rate can reach
20-30 times per minute or even more.
 Bradypnea : is a condition when a person experiences a decrease in respiratory
frequency. If someone experiences bradypnea, their respiratory rate can drop to
less than 12 times per minute.
 Dyspnea : Is when the breathing rate increases to meet the body's increased need
for oxygen. Dyspnea is caused by a disruption in the normal breathing mechanism.
 Hyperpnea : Hyperpnea is a condition when a person inhales more oxygen, in
response to the body needing more. Conditions that make you need more oxygen
are when exercising, being sick, and being at high altitudes.
 Wheezing : The characteristic of wheezing is a high-pitched sound that sounds like
"ngik-ngik. The sound becomes clearer as you exhale. Wheezing is produced by
narrowed airways.
 Rales : Are characterized by small clicking sounds like bubbling or crackling in the
lungs. This breathing sound is clearly audible when a person inhales. Rare breath
occurs when the smaller airways open suddenly when inhaling air.
 Ronchi : The sound of ronchi sounds like snoring or rattling in a low tone. Crackles
are caused by blockages in the large airways.
Task 2: Answer the following questions correctly

1. What is the functions of the heart?

Answer =

 Pumping oxygenated blood to other body parts.

 Pumping hormones and other vital substances to different parts of the body.
 Receiving deoxygenated blood and carrying metabolic waste products from the body
and pumping it to the lungs for oxygenation.
 Maintaining blood pressure.
2. Mention part of the heart!

Answer =

 Walls.
 Chambers.
 Valves.
 Blood vessels (plumbing).
 Electrical conduction system (electricity).
3. How does the heart work? Used in nursing area!

Answer = Blood can flow from the atria down into the ventricles because there are openings
in the walls that separate them. These openings are called valves because they open in one
direction like trapdoors to let the blood pass through. Then they close, so the blood cannot
flow backwards into the atria. With this system, blood always flows in only one direction inside
the heart. There are also valves at the bottom of the large arteries that carry blood away from
the heart: the aorta and the pulmonary artery. These valves keep the blood from flowing
backward into the heart once it has been pumped out.

4. Mention the valve of the heart!

Answer = The atrioventricular (AV) valves open between your upper and lower heart
chambers. They include:

 Tricuspid valve: Door between your right atrium and right ventricle.
 Mitral valve: Door between your left atrium and left ventricle.

Semilunar (SL) valves open when blood flows out of your ventricles. They include:
  Aortic valve: Opens when blood flows out of your left ventricle to your aorta (artery that
carries oxygen-rich blood to your body).
 Pulmonary valve: Opens when blood flows from your right ventricle to your pulmonary
arteries (the only arteries that carry oxygen-poor blood to your lungs).
5. Explain the pulmonary circulation?

Answer = When the right atrium contacts and push the waste-filled blood through the tricuspid
valve into the right ventricle. The right ventricle contracts and pushes the waste-filled blood
through the pulmonary valve into the right and left pulmonary arteries that lead to the lungs. I

In the lungs, waste products are removed from the blood and the blood picks up oxygen
and becomes oxygenated. The oxygenated blood is sent to the left atrium by way of the right
and left pulmonary veins.

6. What is systole and diastole

Answer =

Systole is the phase of the heart when the heart contracts and pumps blood throughout
the body.

Diastole is the next phase of the heart when the heart rests and blood flows into the heart.

7. Find the terms of the heart usually used in nursing area!

Answer =

 Tachycardia : is a heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute in adults.
 Bradycardia : is When the heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute