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What are the 3 patterns of development in writing?

1. Narrative - telling a story or recounting an experience
2.Descriptive - describing a person, place, or thing in detail
3.Expository - presenting information or explaining a concept

What is the difference between Comparison and Contrast?

Comparison and contrast are both methods of organizing information in writing, but they have different purposes. Comparison is
used to show similarities or connections between two or more things, while contrast is used to show differences or distinctions
between them. In other words, comparison focuses on what is similar, while contrast focuses on what is different.

How can comparison and contrast be used as a text pattern?

Highlighting the similarities and contrasts between two or more subjects can be utilized as a comparison and contrast text pattern.
Writing of all kinds, including essays, research papers, and reports, can follow this structure. This pattern can be used by the
author to aid the reader in understanding the topics being contrasted and compared as well as aid in making inferences about
them.

What is Cause and Effect text pattern?

A writing pattern known as "cause and effect" demonstrates how an event's cause and its consequence are related (effect). The
causes and effects of numerous phenomena or events are frequently explained using this structure in expository writing, such as
in scientific and history papers. This pattern can be used by the author to describe the consequences of particular acts or
occurrences or to assist the reader in comprehending the root causes of a certain problem.

What is Problem and Solution text pattern?

A text pattern that discusses a problem or issue and then suggests a solution or solutions to address it is known as problem and
solution. This pattern is frequently employed in persuasive writing, such as opinion articles or proposals. This pattern can be used
by the author to identify a problem or issue and give facts and arguments in favor of a proposed solution or solutions. The
objective is to persuade the reader that the proposed solution is possible, effective, and desired.
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1) Activity 3: Skill-building Activities (with answer key) (18 mins + 2 mins checking)

Now, let us try your skills in analyzing text patterns. Read the paragraphs below and answer the
questions that follows.

PARAGRAPH 1, COMPARISON and CONTRAST:

Although I raised Marcee and Obbie from puppies, they have completely diverse personalities.
Obbie is a six-year-old, male, toy Pomeranian whereas Marcee is a one-year-old, female, Boston
terrier. Obbie is small and soft, unlike Marcee who has bristly hair and is much bigger. Marcee
insists on sleeping on the bed, under the covers every night. On the other hand, Obbie will only
sleep on the floor, under the bed. Obbie is tremendously loyal and uptight; however, Marcee is
hyper and friendly to anyone she meets or sees. Around other dogs, Marcee cowers to the larger
dog, yet Obbie will always stand his ground, never giving up until he is scolded. Given that they
were both treated the same way all their life, it is hard to believe that they are so different in
everything they do.

1. What is being compared and contrasted in the paragraph?

Obbie and Marcee.
2. What are their 3 comparisons?
Appearance - Obbie is a small, soft toy Pomeranian, while Marcee is a bigger Boston terrier with bristly hair.

Sleeping habits - Marcee insists on sleeping on the bed under the covers, while Obbie only sleeps on the floor under the bed.

Behavior - Obbie is loyal and uptight, while Marcee is hyper and friendly, cowering to larger dogs.

3. What are their contrasts?

Obbie Marcie
Male Female
Toy Pomeranian Boston Terrier
Loyal and uptight Hyper and friendly
Sleeps on the floor, under the bed Sleeps on the bed, under the covers
Stands his ground around other dogs Cowers to larger dogs
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PARAGRAPH 2, CAUSE and EFFECT:

For many teenagers, numerous negative factors can lead them to give up on their education and drop out
of school. The first cause is that many teenagers lack positive role models in their lives. The lack of an
encouraging adult in their lives can cause them to think negatively about themselves and it does not allow
them to live up to
their full potential. Also, the lack of a positive role model can cause them to get involved with the wrong kind
of people and activities.
When students get involved in these types of negative situations, they usually don't focus on school.
This can lead many impressionable young children to give up on their education. Another factor that causes
a student to give up on school is a lack of determination. If they're not determined to graduate, it can be very
difficult for them to stay in school. Many students find it difficult to stay focused on school when they feel that
getting an education is useless. Some students only attend school because they are forced to and they are
not there to further their education. The third and final factor is peer pressure. Many students give into pure
pressure very easily. If the pure pressure is negative, this can lead them to drugs and alcohol. Drugs and
alcohol can cause
them to drop out very easily because that is the only thing that they are focused on and it can easily ruin a
child's life.

~Copyright 2005 Mike Sullivan~

1. What is the effect / result being discussed in the paragraph?

Many teens drop out of school as a result of many major negative circumstances, which is the effect or
outcome being mentioned in the paragraph.

2. List down the 3 causes / factors mentioned.

Cause 1: Lack of positive role models in their lives

Cause 2: Lack of determination to graduate and feeling that education is useless

Cause 3: Peer pressure, which can lead to involvement with drugs and alcohol
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PARAGRAPH 3, PROBLEM and SOLUTION

The enormous growth in the use of the internet over the last decade has
led to radical changes to the way that people consume and share
information. Although serious problems have arisen as a result of this,
there are solutions.

One of the first problems of the internet is the ease with which children
can access potentially dangerous sites. For example, pornography sites
are easily accessible to them because they can register with a site and
claim to be an adult. There is no doubt that this affects their thoughts and
development, which is a negative impact for the children and for society.
Another major problem is the growth of online fraud and hacking. These
days, there are constant news stories about government and company
websites that have been hacked, resulting in sensitive information falling
into the hands of criminals.

It is important that action is taken to combat these problems. Governments

should ensure that adequate legislation and controls are in place that will
prevent young people from accessing dangerous sites, such as requiring
more than simply confirming that you are an adult to view a site. Parents
also have a part to play. They need to closely monitor the activities of their
children and restrict their access to certain sites, which can now be done
through various computer programs.
Companies must also improve their onsite IT security systems to make
fraud and hacking much more difficult by undertaking thorough reviews
of their current systems for weaknesses.

To conclude, the internet is an amazing technological innovation that has

transformed people’s lives, but not without negative impacts. However,
with the right action by individuals, governments and businesses, it can
be made a safe place for everyone.

First problem: The ease with which children can access potentially dangerous
sites, such as pornography sites, which negatively affects their thoughts and
development.

First solution: Governments should make sure that there is sufficient law and
oversight to stop children from accessing risky websites, such as demanding
 more than just a simple affirmation of adulthood to see a website.

Name: Second problem: The growth of online fraud and hacking, resulting in sensitive
Class number:
information falling into the hands of criminals.
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Second solution: In order to make fraud and hacking considerably more
challenging, businesses must strengthen their onsite IT security systems. To do
this, they must conduct in-depth inspections of their present systems to identify
any areas for improvement.