A Business Report On

“A BUSINESS PLAN TO ESTABLISH ALPHA ENTERPRISES”

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the
Degree of

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

of
BANGALORE UNIVERSITY

By
YASHWANTH K R
Reg. No: P03NK21M0147
Under the guidanceof
Dr. SAGAR G

Faculty of Management

CANARA BANK SCHOOL

OF MANAGEMENT

STUDIES
Jnana Bharathi Campus

BangaloreUniversity

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2022–2023

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 Dr. CYNTHIA MENEZES
BANGALORE UNIVERSITY
MBA, PhD Canara Bank school of Management Studies
Dean & Director (Post Graduate Dept. of Management)

CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY

This is to certify that the Project titled “A BUSINESS PLAN TO ESTABLISH ALPHA

ENTERPRISES” is an original work of Mr./Ms. YASHWANTH K R bearing University Register

Number P03NK21M0147 and is being submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of the Master’s Degree
in Business Administration of Bangalore University. The report has not been submitted earlier either to
this University
/Institution for the fulfilment of the requirement of a course of study

SIGNATURE OF GUIDE SIGNATURE OF DIRECTOR/PRINCIPAL/HOD

DATE: DATE:

Bangalore University. JB Campus, Old Pareeksha Bhavan, Jnanabharathi, Bangalore • 560056. India.
Office: 080•22961973. Director: 08022961981 Email: cbsmsjbcbub@gmail.com
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 DECLARATION BY THE STUDENT

I Yashwanth K R, hereby declare that “A BUSINESS PLAN TO

ESTABLISH ALPHA ENTRPRISES” is the result of the project work
carried out by me under the guidance of Dr. SAGAR G in partial fulfillment for
the award Master’s Degree in Business Administration by Bangalore University.
I also declare that this project is the outcome of my own efforts and that it has not
been submitted to any other university or institute for the award of any other
degree or diploma or Certificate.

Place: BANGALURU Name: YASHWANTH K R

Date:07 NOV 2022 Register Number: P03NK21M0147

i
 GUIDE

This is to certify that the project report entitled “A BUSINESS PLAN TO ESTABLISH
ALPHA ENTRPRISES” which is been Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the
requirement for Degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Canara Bank School

of Management Studies, Bangalore University, was carried out by YASHWANTH K R

(P03NK21M0147), under my Guidance.

Place: Bangalore Signature of the Guide

Date:

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I am thankful to DR. CYNTHIA MENEZES PRABHU, DEAN & DIRECTOR OF CANARA
BANK SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES, Bangalore for giving me this opportunity to
do this project report and for her guidance.
I am thankful and indebted to my internal Guide Dr. SAGAR G, Faculty of management Studies
Canara Bank School of Management Studies, for his scholarly guidance, and encouragement
extended to me and his valuable time & suggestions to complete this dissertation.
I express my sincere gratitude to my beloved Parents for their co-operation at every stage of my
work in completing this project report.

Place: BANGALURU Name: YASHWANTH K R

Date:07 NOV 2022 Register Number: P03NK21M0147

v
LIST OF

Page.
Sl. No PARTICULARS
No

1. INDUSTRY OVERVIEW 1

2. PRODUCT AND SERVICES 11

3. MARKET ANALYSIS 15

4. OPERATIONAL STRUCTURE 20

5. BUSINESS MODEL 24

6. FINANCIAL PLAN & PLAN OUTCOME 26

7. CONCLUSION & REFERENCE 32

v
LIST OF

Sl. No PARTICULARS Page. No

1 SWOT Analysis 17

2 Business Provider 24

3 Supply chain Analysis 25

4 Risk Involved 25

5 Required Investment 27

6 Funds for Investment 27

7 Outflow per Month 28

8 Payback Period 29

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LIST OF

Sl. No PARTICULARS Page. No

1 Overview of production concepts 4

2 Process Flow of CNC machine 5

3 Shape of the CNC router 6

4 Shape of the Water Jet Cutting 6

5 7
Shape of the Lathe CNC

6 Shape of the Milling Machine 8

7 Shape of the Plasma Cutters 8

8 9
Five Axis of CNC

9 Global 5- axis CNC machining centers market 10

10 Aerospace components 12

11 Oil and Gas Plant 13

12 16
Market Analysis

13 General Operational structure 21

14 Operational Structure of Alpha Enterprises 21

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 A BUSINESS PLAN TO ESTABLISH ALPHA

CHAPTER – 1
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

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INTRODUCTION:

1.1 IMPORTANCE OF THE MECHANICAL INDUSTRY

Without mechanical engineering, we would not have things like engines, generators,
elevators or even air conditioning. While we might not even realize it, we most likely use
something that has been mechanically engineered every day.

Mechanical engineering plays a critical role in manufactured technologies, from cars to

airplanes to refrigerators. It enables you to do many daily activities with ease, as it brings
helpful technologies to our modern society. It is one of the most important subdivisions of
engineering, because without it, many of the technologies we use every day would not be
available. Manufacturing is an ever-evolving field. Mounting pressures to increase production
efficiency while minimizing operating costs have fuelled demand for new and innovative
technologies.

Automation and robotics (an area in which mechanical engineers are crucial) continue to be
essential in helping manufacturing industries keep up with consumer demand while maximizing
profit. While new technologies have no doubt changed the engineering landscape, the future looks
bright for the mechanical engineering industry. New fields of study and subject areas will favour
engineering graduates. Practicing professionals, however, will need to keep up to date with current
and future advancements to avoid being left behind.

Technically, mechanical engineering is the application of the principles and problem-solving

techniques of engineering from design to manufacturing to the marketplace for any object.
Mechanical engineers analyze their work using the principles of motion, energy, and force—
ensuring that designs function safely, efficiently, and reliably, all at a competitive cost.

Mechanical engineers make a difference. That's because mechanical engineering careers center on
creating technologies to meet human needs. Virtually every product or service in modern life has
probably been touched in some way by a mechanical engineer to help humankind.

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This includes solving today's problems and creating future solutions in health care, energy,
transportation, world hunger, space exploration, climate change, and more. Being ingrained in
many challenges and innovations across many fields means a mechanical engineering education is
versatile. To meet this broad demand, mechanical engineers may design a component, a machine, a
system, or a process. This ranges from the macro to the micro, from the largest systems like cars
and satellites to the smallest components like sensors and switches. Anything that needs to be
manufactured—indeed, anything with moving parts—needs the expertise of a mechanical
engineer.

1.1.1 IMPORTANCE OF CNC MACHINE

The invention of operating machines was a milestone in the history of mankind to replace
human. These machines manufacture instead of human and the efficiency is higher and accuracy of
course will be better and instead of using the number of hand tools it seemed about a year 1775 A.
D. When the cylinder cavity machine was invented to manufacture the James Watt steam machine.
Since then, it led to the introduction in large quantities to the development of machine tool to
produce the highest accuracy of mass production in the century 20 AD. The mass production was
applied practically intensively in the assembly of Ford car machines in 1913 in the United States of
America. Since then, this method of Mass production has been known with high efficiency.

The tremendous progress in electronic equipment so that automatic control became possible
in various productive areas, and this was called automation, while the appearance of machines was
called mechanization. Shortly after World War II, with the increase of more complex products, the
CNC machine was invented to effectively reduce the urgent need for skilled workers to operate
manufacturing systems. Since the 1950s several Scientific and technical developments were one of
the most prominent inventions of the computer in the form of the spine for the development of
several industrial technologies of digital control and reboot and the manufacture of computer
support cam. In this introduction, we try to present the historical developments that have
accompanied the development of digital control technology and identify the differences between
traditional number machines and digital control number machines, as well as to demonstrate the
technical and economic feasibility of using 2 digital control machines. It is useful to determine
from the beginning that the focus will be entirely on the application of digital computer control
technology on number machines. The considering that this is the historical area in which it

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appeared, and the most important area for production technology, although there are other
applications for this technology. Before starting to deal with this technology and establish the
necessary drivers, it is necessary to identify the framework in which the digital computer control
technology works, and when to use it economically and technically, this confirms the importance of
this introduction.

Digital control machines are machining whose tasks are controlled so that the functions of
operating them are arranged through letters, symbols and numbers all formed to be called the driver
has been named CNC because it contains the computer and machine and the switching device
between the two. The meaning of digital control machines is the connection of the computer to the
machine and there is between them a translator device to know them some or as we say interface
and of course the machine does not know the language of the computer and that is why we put this
device.

Figure 1: Overview of production concepts

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1.1.2 COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL C N C

The CNC consists of three parts:
 Machine (which is the operation).
 Control (which is responsible for controlling machine engines).
 Computer (and the function of the computer we write on it the program dedicated to the
machine and save the programs on its allocated memory).

Figure 2: Process Flow of CNC machine

1.1.3 Types of CNC machines

The strength of CNC machines comes from their ability to handle different types of materials
with high precision. Unlike other machines, digital control machines have proven their efficiency in
handling thick materials and can easily penetrate them. CNC machines can also handle fine details,
for example cutting the letter V may not be easy for other machines to deal with such work that
requires precision, but this cut will be easy if using CNC. Digital control machines have many
advantages and deal with various materials such as wood and other materials, and this versatility
has led to the existence of more than one type of CNC machine:

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 CNC routers
CNC routers cut wood, plastic, and also sheet metal, and have three-dimensional axis’s in
the manufacture for bulky products and Complex products. And using for cutting different
materials along a path.

Figure 3: Shape of the CNC router

 Water Jet Cutting
A cutting system used in CNC machines, a cold cut system that is not polluted for the
environment, is cut by pumping water, and uses this technique with any kind of soft or
harsh material such as metal, glass, and ceramics.

Figure 4: Shape of the Water Jet Cutting

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 Lathes
Lath is one of the types of CNC machines that are used in the filling and manufacture of metals by
rotating the artifacts to be formed, giving them the desired shape. Practically all kinds of structures
could be machined with this machine tool, depending on their needs in different industries.

Figure 5: Shape of the Lathe CNC

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 Milling Machine
This type of CNC machine uses rotary cutters to cut different materials from manufactured
materials.

Figure 6: Shape of the Milling Machine

 Plasma Cutters
This type of CNC machine severs steel and other materials by plasma, and the cutting
process is done using plasma scissors.

Figure 7: Shape of the Plasma Cutters

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1.2 MARKET TRENDS

 5-AXIS MACHINE
5-axis machines were developed and used in production for more than 50 years. Because of
limitations of computing hardware, the compensation functions were not available in early use.
FANUC developed tool length compensation for Ingersoll 5-axis machines in the late 80s.
Many advanced 5-axis functions have been developed in the last 20 years. These functions
greatly enhanced the application of 5-axis machines.

 5-axis Machining Process

Positional (3+2) 5-axis Machining Applications
Rotary axes do not move in a cutting block. Only X, Y and Z-axis are commanded in a
cutting block.
1. Cutting multi-sided parts
• Rotate tool/table to be perpendicular to part surface
• Establish new program coordinate using Tilted Working Plane Command
• Machining is done in 2.5D or 3D milling
2. Roughing 3D surface parts
• Mainly used in 3D surface roughing
• Rotate tool to a vector position that provides optimum cutting results.

Figure 8: Five Axis of CNC

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 Simultaneous 5-axis Machining Applications

Rotary axes move in a cutting block. All five axes X, Y, Z, A and C are commanded in a
cutting block
1. Part Cutting
• Thin wall structures, such as turbine blades, ribs, and spars of airplanes
• Both the tool side and tooltip are used in cutting
2. Mold Cutting
• 3-D sculptured surfaces, such as die and mold
• Only tool tip is used in cutting

Figure 9: Global 5- axis CNC machining centers market

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CHAPTER – 2
PRODUCT & SERVICES

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2.1 CNC FOR AEROSPACE

CNC technology helps the aerospace industry by being compatible with a wide range of materials
and allowing for seamless manufacturing of these metals. CNC Rapid Prototyping. R&D is an
essential component of every company, and CNC machining is at the forefront of this process.
CNC machines are extensively used in industries where metal removal is required. The machines
remove excess metal from raw materials to create complex parts. A good example is the aerospace
industry where shafts and other complex parts are carved from raw materials.

2.1.1 Typical CNC Machined Parts and Components for Aerospace Industry.
 Satellite Systems.
 Rapid Diagnostic Test Security.
 Semiconductor Support.
 Internal Computer Assembly.
 Electronic Industry Support.
 Shaft Assemblies.
 Spindle Housing Hubs etc.

Figure 10: Aerospace components

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2.2 CNC FOR OIL AND GAS

The oil and gas industry always demands products or components that can encounter
unexpected working environments. offers a comprehensive range of precision machining
services for the oil and gas industry. parts are not only precision designed, but also created with
materials that enable them to withstand abusive environments. Precision machining capabilities
and vast industry expertise have helped providing improved applications every time

2.2.1 Typical CNC Machined Parts and Components for Oil & Gas Industry

 Fittings.
 Housings.
 Suspension Arms
 Rollers.
 Brackets.
 Shafts.
 Valves etc.

Figure 11: Oil and Gas Plant

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2.3 SERVICES OFFERED BY ALPHA ENTERPRISES

We provide CNC machining for the following components and parts:

 Pumps and Systems

 Hydraulic Components

 Stuffing Box

 Connected Rod Bushings

 Wrist Pin Bushings

 FRAC Pump Liners

 Spacers

 Tri-cone Drill Bit Parts

 Electric Submersible Pumps

 Sealing Systems

 Valving Systems

 Vacuum Barrier

 Actuating Systems

Figure 11: Machined Components

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CHAPTER – 3
MARKET ANALYSIS

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3.1 MARKET ANALYSIS:

Industrial automation is becoming a norm in various industries because it provides higher

reliability and productivity. Computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools are automated
tools, which are replacing conventional machine tools as they provide additional computational
and flexibility features. It ensures fewer defects in final products, eliminates extra labor costs,
and boosts the production process. The penetration of CNC milling tools is increasing in the
automotive industry for the manufacture of automotive components such as flywheels, wheels,
gearbox cases, pistons, transmissions, and engine cylinder heads. The use of such automated
machines lowers the cycle time and increases throughput for manufacturers. Thus, the rising
industrial automation in India is expected to drive market growth during the forecast period.
Most successful CNC machining businesses operate on a 10 to 15 percent net profit margin. The
global CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machine market size was valued at USD 83.99
billion in 2021. The market is projected to grow from USD 86.83 billion in 2022 to USD 140.78
billion by 2029, exhibiting a CAGR of 7.1% during the forecast period. Even if we imagine that
the sector is a 7 million market from 3 million today and 2 million will be EVs by 2030, there
will still be 5 million ICE vehicles on the road. CNG will, therefore, play a major role in the
future of ICE-technology vehicles. Out of 14 analysts, 6 (42.86%) are recommending CNC as a
Strong Buy, 4 (28.57%) are recommending CNC as a Buy, 4 (28.57%) are recommending CNC
as a Hold, 0 (0%) are recommending CNC as a Sell, and 0 (0%) are recommending CNC as a
Strong Sell. The future of the machining industry is focused on the increased integration of
Artificial Intelligence (AI) into machine operating applications.

Figure 12: Market Analysis

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3.2 SWOT ANALYSIS:

Opportunities Threats
Strengths Strength Opportunities Strength Threats (ST)
(SO) Strategies Strategies

Leveraging brand Investing into R&D to

recognition in new thwart Capital Goods
segments industry disruptors.
Weaknesses Weakness Weaknesses Threats
Opportunities (WO) (WT) Strategies
Strategies

Investing in customer- Get out of the business

oriented services and and focus on growth
supply chain areas
Table 1: SWOT Analysis

3.2.1 Strengths of Alpha Enterprises

Strengths are the firm's capabilities and resources that it can use to design, develop, and sustain
competitive advantage in the marketplace

First mover advantage in the increasingly crowded marketplace. The new products are rapidly
increasing Alpha Enterprises market share in the Capital Goods industry.

High margins compare to Misc. Capital Goods industry's competitors - Even though Alpha
Enterprises is facing downward pressure on profitability, compare to competitors it is still racking
in higher profit margins.

Track record of innovation - Even though most players in the Capital Goods strive to innovate,
Alpha Enterprises has a successful record at consumer-driven innovation.

Talent management at Alpha Enterprises and skill development of the employees - Human
resources are integral to the success of Alpha Enterprises in the Capital Goods industry.

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3.2.2 Weaknesses of Alpha Enterprises

Weaknesses of Alpha Enterprises can either be the absence of strengths or resources of capabilities
that are required but at present, the organization doesn't have. Managers must be certain if the
weakness is present because of a lack of strategic planning or because of strategic choice.

local monopolies that companies such as Alpha Enterprises can exploit are fast disappearing. The
customer network that Alpha Enterprises has promoted is proving less and less effective.

Declining per unit revenue for Alpha Enterprises - competitiveness in the Capital Goods
industry is putting downward pressure on profitability. A starting guide to managing this situation
for the company name is – objectively assessing the present value propositions of the various
products.

Low investments into Alpha Enterprises customer-oriented services - This can lead to
competitors gaining an advantage soon. Alpha Enterprises needs to increase investment in research
and development, especially in customer service-oriented applications.

The business model of Alpha Enterprises can be easily imitated by competitors in Capital Goods
industry. To overcome these challenges company name needs to build a platform model that can
integrate suppliers, vendors, and end users.

3.2.3. Opportunities of Alpha Enterprises

Opportunities are potential areas where the firm can identify potential for - growth, profits, and
market share.

Customer preferences are fast changing - Driven by rising disposable incomes, easy access to
information, and fast adoption of technological products, customers today are more willing to
experiment/try new products in the market.

The trend of customers migrating to higher-end products - It represents a great opportunity for
Alpha Enterprises, as the firm has strong brand recognition in the premium segment, and customers
have experience with excellent customer services provided by Alpha Enterprises brands in the
lower segment. It can be a win-win for the company and provides an opportunity to increase
profitability.

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Opportunities in Online Space - Increasing adoption of online services by customers will also
enable Alpha Enterprises to provide new offerings to the customers in the Capital Goods industry.

Rapid Expansion of Economy as the US economy is improving faster than any other developed
economy, it will provide Alpha Enterprises an opportunity to expand into the US market. Alpha
Enterprises already have the know-how to operate in the competitive US market.

Lowering the cost of new product launches through third-party retail partners and dedicated
social networks. Alpha Enterprises can use the emerging trend to start small before scaling up after
the initial success of a new product.

Increasing government regulations are making it difficult for unorganized players to operate in
the Capital Goods industry. This can provide Alpha Enterprises with an opportunity to increase its
customer base.

3.2.4 Threats of Alpha Enterprises

Threats are factors that can be potential dangers to the firm's business models because of changes in
macroeconomic factors and changing consumer perceptions. Threats can be managed but not
controlled.

Distrust of institutions and the increasing threat of legal actions for Alpha Enterprises - As the
WTO regulations and laws are difficult to enforce in various markets. Legal procedures have
become expensive and long-drawn processes. It can lead to less investment into emerging markets
by Alpha Enterprises thus resulting in slower growth.

Competitors catching up with the product development - Even though at present Alpha
Enterprises is still the leader in product innovation in the Capital Goods segment. It is facing stiff
challenges from international and local competitors.

Competitive pressures - As the new product launch cycles are reducing in the Capital Goods
industry. It has put additional competitive pressures on players such as Alpha Enterprises. Given
the large customer base, Alpha Enterprises can't respond quickly to the needs of the niche markets
that disruptors are focusing on.

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CHAPTER –4
OPERATIONAL
STRUCTURE

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4.1 OPERATIONAL STRUCTURE

Figure 13: General Operational structure

4.2 OPERATIONAL STRUCTURE of ALPHA ENTERPRISES

Figure 14: Operational Structure of Alpha Enterprises

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CHAPTER – 5
BUSINESS MODEL

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5.1 TYPE OF BUSINESS

 B to B Sales Process
 Product understanding is a must before embarking on the sales process. When a person is
well-versed in a certain product, he has a better chance of receiving more orders.
 Prospecting entails looking for possible clients who are in high demand. It is preferable to
construct a customer database to store their information for future reference.
 Attempt to contact the possible buyer through a variety of methods. In general, a phone call
is preferable to an email because many promotional emails end up in the rubbish folder.
 After calling a consumer, you should ask inquiries to ascertain his wants.
 After analyzing the customer’s demands, you can prepare a persuasive presentation.
 The final stage is to obtain a customer order.

5.1.1 7-Step Sales Process for B2B Businesses

1. Preparation & Research
2. Prospecting
3. Need Assessment
4. Pitch/Presentation
5. Objection Handling
6. Closing
7. Follow-Ups, Repeat Business & Referrals

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5.2 BUSINESS PROVIDER
 HAL (assumed)
To reduce the development time and development cost, HAL has to re-design an unconventional supply
chain. This supply chain is envisioned to keep manufacturing and assembly costs low while spreading
the financial risks of development to HAL's suppliers. The new supply chain proposed is based on a
tiered structure that would allow HAL to foster partnerships with approximately least 40-50 tier-1
strategic partners. These strategic partners serve as “integrators” who assemble different parts and
subsystems produced by tier2 suppliers.

Table 2: Business Provider

The table 3 shows the key differences between the existing and the proposed unconventional supply
chain. For instance, under the proposed supply chain structure; these tier-1 strategic partners are
responsible for delivering complete sections/modules of the aircraft to HAL, which would allow
HAL to assemble these complete sections/modules within five to seven days. The strategies for the
proposed supply chain setup as highlighted in the table are detailed below:

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Table 3: Supply chain Analysis

5.3 RISKS INVOLVED

The biggest disadvantage of using CNC is the rate at which parts are produced. An open-loop
system provides feedback to the control using an encoder.

Table 4: Risks Involved

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CHAPTER – 6
FINANCIAL PLAN & PLAN
OUTCOMES

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6.1 REQUIRED INVESTMENT

DESCRIPTION ESTIMATED COST

CNC MACHINE 2 QTY. 20,00,000

AREA LEASE 15,00,000

MARKETING /ADVERTISING 2,00,000

FACILITY COSTING 3,00,000

H R COSTING 4,00,000

LEGAL FORMALITIES 1,00,000

TOOLS 2,00,000

ACCOUNTING COST 1,00,000

MISECELLANOUS 2,00,000

TOTAL 50,00,000

Note: All values are in Rupees

Table 5: Required Investment

6.2 FUNDS FOR INVESTMENT

DESCRIPTION COST

HAND CASH 20,00,000

BANK LOAN (MUDRA) 30,00,000

TOTAL 50,00,000

Table 6: Funds for Investment

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6.3 EXPECTED OUTCOME

 Each machining runs for 16 hours per day.

Accounting approx. 200 hours/machine/month.
For 2 machines total of 400 hours/month.

 Assuming rupees for 500/hour.

 Expected inflow per month

500 X 400 = 2,00,000/Month

 The credit period is up to 60days.

6.4 OUTFLOW PER MONTH

DESCRIPTION COST

SALARY 40,000

LOAN EMI 38,000

FACTORY COST 20,000

TOOLS 6000

TOTAL 1,04,000
Table 7: Outflow per Month
6.5 PROFIT

 PROFIT = CASH INFLOW – CASH OUTFLOW

=2,00,000 -1,04,000
= 96,000 rupees/Month
 Assuming 2 months profit towards maintenance

 Profit/year = 96,000 X 10
=9,60,000 rupees/year

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6.6 PAYBACK PERIOD

 Assuming a 10-year span for the calculation.

 Return on lease amount after 10 years = 15,00,000
 Scrap value of the machine as 10%
Scrap value = 10% of 20,00,000
= 2,00,000 rupees.
 Calculation Of Cash inflow

PRESENT OF PRESENT
YEARS CASH INFLOW RUPEE 1 AT VALUE OF
10% CASH IN FLOW

1 960000 0.909 872640

2 960000 0.826 792960

3 960000 0.751 720960

4 960000 0.683 655680

5 960000 0.621 596160

6 960000 0.564 541440

7 960000 0.513 492480

8 960000 0.467 448320

9 960000 0.424 407040

10 960000 0.385 369600

TOTAL 5897280
Table 8: Payback Period
 Pay back period is 7.82 years.

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 Net Present Value

NPV = Present Value of Cash In flow – Present Value of Cash Out Flow
= 58,97,280 – 50,00,000
NPV = 8,97,280 rupees

 Probability Index
PI = Present value of cash Inflow / Present value of cash Outflow
= 58,97,280 / 50,00,000
PI = 1.18

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CHAPTER – 7
CONCLUSION &
REFERENCE

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7.1 CONCLUSION
 CNC machining is a form of manufacturing that uses computer-controlled machine tools to
create parts and products. The main advantages of CNC machining over traditional methods
are greater accuracy, more precise control, and higher efficiency.
 CNC machining offers a reliable solution for rapidly manufacturing the parts. The current
approach, using an indexable tool, managed to eliminate multiple set-ups of the workpiece.
The visibility programme is an effective method to identify orientations for finishing
operations.
 CNC machining offers a reliable solution for rapidly manufacturing the parts. The current
approach, using an indexable tool, managed to eliminate multiple set-ups of the workpiece.
The visibility programme is an effective method to identify orientations for finishing
operations.
 In the study of computer numerical control machines the production improvement can be
done more effectively and efficiently.
 The CNC programming is a way to operate CNC machine. CNC Lathe machine usage gives
many benefits of increased productivity and accuracy and time management but the only
drawback is its cost. This could not be employed for all small jobs and is preferable to use
in large amount of production and complicated shapes
 The pay back period is 7.81 years so the cash inflow from 7.81 year will be the profit to the
company.
 The company can also be expanded in terms of machines and workers which leads to the
greater marginal profit.
 Since the productivity index is 1.18 which is greater than 1. So the company can be
established and will be in the profit.
 The company should be advertised and marketed in such a way that it should obtaing
continuous feed as assumed.

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 A BUSINESS PLAN TO ESTABLISH ALPHA
7.2 REFERENCE

1. Wong, H.K. and Ellis, P.D. (2007) ‘Is market orientation affected by the product life
cycle?’, Journal of World Business, Vol. 42, No. 2, pp.145–156.
2. Wood, V.R., Bhuian, S. and Kiecker, P. (2000) ‘Market orientation and organizational
performance in not-for-profit hospitals’, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 48, No. 3,
pp.213–226.
3. Wooldridge, B.R. and Minsky, B.D. (2002) ‘The role of climate and socialization in
developing interfunctional coordination’, The Learning Organization, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp.29–
38.
4. Wu, F. and Lee, Y.K. (2005) ‘Determinants of e-communication adoption: the internal push
versus external pull factors’, Marketing Theory, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp.7–31.
5. CNC Programming, Michael Mattson, Delmar Cengage Learning, 2010.
6. Managing Computer Numerical Control Operations, Mike Lynch, Society of Manufacturing
Engineers, 1995.
7. Hace A, Jezernik K. The open CNC controller for a cutting machine, IEEE International
Conference on Industrial Technology, 2003; 2(1231-1236):10-12.

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