TEST CODE 02227020

FORM TP 2015218 MAY/JUNE 2015

CARIBBEAN E XAM I NAT I O N S COUNCIL

CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION®

HISTORY

THE ATLANTIC WORLD AND GLOBAL TRANSFORMATIONS

UNIT 2 – Paper 02

2 hours 40 minutes

18 MAY 2015 (a.m.)

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.

1. There are THREE sections in this paper, ONE on EACH of the three
modules.

2. EACH section comprises THREE questions: ONE document-based

question and TWO essay questions.

3. There are NINE questions on this paper.

4. Answer THREE questions, ONE from EACH section.

5. You must answer ONE document-based question and TWO essay

questions.

6. You are advised to take some time to read through the paper and plan your
answers.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

Copyright © 2014 Caribbean Examinations Council

All rights reserved.
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SECTION A: MODULE 1

Answer ONE question only from this section.

1. The extracts below relate to the American War of Independence. Study the extracts, then answer Parts
(a)–(d) that follow.

Document I

That the only representatives of the people of these colonies, are persons chosen therein by them-
selves, and that no taxes ever have been, or can be constitutionally imposed on them, but by their
respective legislatures.

Resolutions of the Stamp Act Congress, October 19, 1765, Resolution V in Documents for the Study of
American History (AMDOCS), Text prepared by Garry Wiersema for From Revolution to Reconstruction
an HTML Project, 1994–2010,University of Groningen, Humanities Computing. Accessed
http://odur.let.rug.nl/usa/D1751–1775/stampact/sa.htm, 15/03/2012.

Document II

If you once admit, that Great Britain may lay duties upon her exportations to us, for the purpose of
levying money on us only, she then will...lay those duties on the articles which she prohibits us to
manufacture–and the tragedy of American liberty is finished.

John Dickenson’s Letter 2, from Letters From a Farmer 11, 1767–1768, in

Documents for the Study of American History (AMDOCS), Text prepared by Garry Wiersema for
From Revolution to Reconstruction, an HTML Project, 1994–2010,
University of Groningen, Humanities Computing.
http://odur.let.rug.nl/usa/D1751–1775/townshend/dickII.htm, 15/03/2012.

Document III

That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States, that they are
absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all the political connection between them
and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be totally dissolved.

Resolution of the Second Continental Congress, July 2, 1776, in Max Savelle, Empires to Nations:
Expansion in America, 1713–1824, (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1974), p. 225.

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(a) With reference to Document I, explain FOUR issues which led the Stamp Act Congress to
oppose the imposition of taxes from Britain. [12 marks]

(b) With reference to Document II, outline THREE separate measures imposed by Britain on her
American colonies for the purpose of revenue enhancement. [6 marks]

(c) With reference to Document III, explain TWO actions taken by the American colonists before
the Second Continental Congress which would have undermined Britain’s authority over the
Thirteen Colonies. [6 marks]

With reference to Documents I, II and III, explain why the colonial opposition evolved from
(d)
initial protest to the ultimate decision of severing political ties with Britain in 1776.
[6 marks]

Total 30 marks

2. Discuss the view that the establishment of European settlements in the Americas up to 1763 were
predominantly influenced by economic considerations.
Total 30 marks

3.
Discuss the impact of the main political and social ideas of the European Enlightenment on the French
Revolution.
Total 30 marks

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SECTION B: MODULE 2

Answer ONE question only from this section.

4. The extracts below relate to the Atlantic causes and global consequences of the Industrial Revolution
in England. Study the extracts, then answer Parts (a)–(d) that follow.

Document I

...Mr Pennant, who is a very amiable man, with ten or twelve thousand pounds a year, has the largest
estate in Jamaica; there was also Mr Gale and Mr Beeston Long, who have very large sugar plantations
there who wish to see steam answer in lieu of horse.

Matthew Boulton to James Watt, April 19, 1783, in J. Lord, Capital and Steam-Power, 1750–1800
(London, 1923), 192. Accessed_http://www.archive.org/details/capitalsteampowe00lorduoft,
19/02/2012.
Document II

Within the last twenty or thirty years the vast increase of foreign trade has caused many of Manchester
manufacturers to travel abroad...and the town has now in every respect assumed the style and manners
of one of the commercial capitals of the world.

J. Aiken, A Description of the Country from thirty to forty miles round Manchester
(London: John Stockdale, 1795), 184.

Document III

The exportation of a piece of British broadcloth is more beneficial to us than the exportation of a
quantity of Bengal muslin, or of West Indian coffee, of equal value... The reasons are obvious.

Sir Frederick Morten Eden, Eight Letter on the Peace; and on the Commerce of Manufactures of
Great Britain (London, 1802, 129.) Accessed
http://www.archive.org/stream/cihm_20870#page/n115/mode/2up, 27/01/2012.

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(a) With reference to Document I, explain THREE ways in which the Caribbean sugar planters
contributed to the development of the Industrial Revolution in England in the eighteenth and
nineteenth centuries. [9 marks]

(b) With reference to Document II, give TWO reasons for the “increase of foreign trade” for
towns like Manchester after 1750. [6 marks]

(c) Outline THREE of the ‘obvious reasons’ referred to in Document III for the greater benefit
to be gained from export of British made goods over re-export of colonial goods. [6 marks]

(d) With reference to Documents I, II and III, discuss THREE consequences of the Industrial
Revolution for the Atlantic colonies. [9 marks]

Total 30 marks

5. Assess the contribution of the network of railroads to the emergence of the United States as an
industrial power in the second half of the 19th century.
Total 30 marks

6.
“The newly independent Latin American republics faced great problems in the aftermath of
independence in the 1820s.” Discuss the extent to which this claim was true for EITHER Brazil OR
Venezuela from independence to 1850.
Total 30 marks

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SECTION C: MODULE 3

Answer ONE question only from this section.

7. The extracts below relate to Nelson Mandela and the liberation movement in South Africa. Study the
extracts, then answer Parts (a)–(d) that follow.

Document I

Preamble

WHEREAS Africanism must be promoted, i.e. Africans must struggle for development, progress and
national liberation so as to occupy their rightful and honourable place among nations of the world.

Statement of Policy

South Africa has a complex problem. Stated briefly it is: The contact of the White race with the Black
has resulted in the emergence of a set of conflicting living conditions and outlooks on life which seri-
ously hamper South Africa’s progress to nationhood.

African National Congress Youth League Manifesto 1944, in Nelson Mandela, The Struggle is My Life.
New York: Pathfinder Press, 1990, p.11.

Document II

In June, 1952, the AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS and the SOUTH AFRICAN INDIAN
CONGRESS, bearing in mind their responsibility as the representatives of the downtrodden and
oppressed people of South Africa, took the plunge and launched the Campaign for the Defiance of the
Unjust Laws...

Presidential address by Mandela to the African National Congress (Transvaal) Conference,

21 September 1953, in Nelson Mandela, The Struggle is My Life
New York: Pathfinder Press, 1990, p. 34.

Document III

...Umkhonto we Sizwe is a new, independent body formed by Africans. It includes in its ranks South
Africans of all races... Umkhonto we Sizwe will carry on the struggle for freedom and democracy by
new methods, which are necessary to complement the actions of the established national liberation
organizations...

Announcement of the Formation of Umkhonto we Sizwe, from a flyer, December 16,1961 in

Sheridan Johns, and R. Hunt Davis Jr., Mandela, Tambo and the African National Congress.
The Struggle against Apartheid 1948–1990. A Documentary Survey. New York and Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 1991, p. 138.

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With reference to Document I, examine THREE ways in which “the contact of the White race
(a)
with the Black... resulted in the emergence of a set of conflicting living conditions” up to and
beyond 1944.
[9 marks]

(b) With reference to Document II, give TWO reasons why the “Campaign for the Defiance of
the Unjust Laws” was thought necessary. [6 marks]

(c) With reference to Document III, explain TWO reasons for the change from non-violent to
armed protests against apartheid through the formation of Umkhonto we Sizwe. [6 marks]

(d) With reference to Documents I, II and III, discuss Mandela’s role in the struggle against
apartheid up to the 1960s. [9 marks]

Total 30 marks

8.
Assess the view that ‘the war in Europe in 1914 resulted largely from the existence of an alliance
system’.
Total 30 marks

9.
Examine the factors which contributed to Gandhi’s success in achieving national independence for
India.
Total 30 marks

END OF TEST

IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST.

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