LUCERO PAULINE JOY G.
series of 2007, entitled Classifying
BSCRIM 4D
CDI 7
Vice and Drug Education and Control
MODULE 2
UNDERSTANDING THE DRUG
PROBLEM
Bible-It is a very reliable source in tracing
the history of drug abuse. The Old
Testament particularlyin the Book of
Judges divulged the used of narcoticdrug
that was mixed in the wine by the
Philistine Agent, Delilah to put Samson
to sleep before cuttinghis hair, the source
of his strength, and subsequently gouged
his eyes.
Hippocrates- He is considered as
the“Father of Modern Medicine"
Friedrich Serturner- He was the German
Pharmacist who discovered Morphine,
thefirst derivative of Opium
Alder Wright- He was a British Chemist
who discovered Heroin
(Diacetylmorphine), which is synthesized
form the drug morphine in 1986.
Act no. 953- It is also known as the
Narcotic Drug Law of 1953, which was
the First drug control law in the country.
RA 6425- It is known as the Dangerous
Drugs Act of 1972, which was enacted
during the time of the President
Ferdinand Marcos.
RA 7624-An Act Integrating Drug
Prevention and Control in the
Intermediate and Secondary Curricula as
well as in the NonFormal, Informal and
indigenous Learning System and for other
purposes.
RA 9165-It is otherwise known as the
Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Act of
2002, which repealed RA 6425.
Executive Order No. 218- Strengthening
the support mechanism for the Philippine
Drug Enforcement Agency.
Board Regulation No.2 Series of 2009-
Implementing guidelines for the
implementation of Board regulation no. 6,
Toluene-based contact cement products
without at least five percent (5%) Mustard
oil content as dangerous drugs.
PEOPLE INVOLVE IN THE DRUG
PROBLEM
Planter-He is also known as the grower
who is responsible in planting, harvesting
and maintenance of plant from which the
drug is derived from.
Manufacturer-He is responsible in the
processing of the raw materials supplied
by the planter. He also maintains a
laboratory and contacts other people
involved in the distribution process.
Importer-He is the manufacturer’s client
who happens to be the primary drug seller.
Smuggler- He finds ways to evade the
scrutiny of inspection of prohibited drugs
so that it will reach its destination.
Distributor- He distributes or gives away
prohibited drugs in his respective
geographical area.
Dealer- He is popularly known as the
pusher who sells drugs to users.
User- He is the life of the global drug
trafficking who buys and consumes the
illegal product.
WORLD DRUG TRAFFIC ROUTE
First Important Traffic Route
Middle East- It is where the discovery,
plantation, cultivation and harvest of the
natural drugs occurred.
Turkey- It is where the preparation for
distribution of dangerous drugs happened.
Europe- It is where the manufacturing,
refining and synthesizing of prohibited
drugs.
United States of America- It is the best
place for marketing dangerous drugs.
Second Important Traffic Route
The Golden Triangle (MLT)- This is
composed of Myanmar (formerly called
as Burma), Laos, and Thailand.
The Golden Crescent (I-API)- This is
composed of Iran, Afganistan, Pakistan
and India.
WORLD’S TOP 5 PRODUCERS OF
ILLICIT DRUGS
1. Afganistan
2. Colombia
3. Peru
4. Burma/Myanmar and
5. Morocco
COUNTRIES INVOLVE IN DRUG
PROBLEM
China- Is the known as the transit route
for diacetylmorphine or morphine
diacetate (heroin) from the “Golden
Triangle” to Hong Kong.
Afghanistan- The United Nations (UN)
says that Afghanistan is now the new
number one (1) producer of Cannabis
Sativa in the world due to its robust crop
yields 145 kg. of resin per hectare.
Spain- It is known as the paradise of drug
users in Europe
Hong Kong- It is considered as the
world’s transshipment points of all forms
of heroin.
South America (Columbia, Uruguay,
Peru and Panama)- The principal sources
of all cocaine supply in the world.
Philippines- It is known as the paradise of
drug abusers in Asia for being the major
transshipment point for the worldwide
distribution of illegal drugs particularly
Metamphetamine Hydrochloride (shabu)
and benzoylmethyl ecogine (cocaine) from
Taiwan and South America.
India- It is considered as the center of the
world’s drug map.
Lebanon- It is considered as the number
one (1) producer of cannabis sativa in the
Middle East. It also known as the transit
country for cocaine from South America
to Europe.
11 LARGES ILLEGAL DRUG
TRADES ON EARTH
Drug use continues to be high worldwide.
In 2021, 1 in every 17 people aged 15–64
in the world had used a drug in the past
12 months. The estimated number of
users grew from 240 million in 2011 to
296 million in 2021 (5.8 per cent of the
global population aged 15–64). This is a
23 per cent increase, partly due to
population growth.
1.Cannabis-Cultivated worldwide,
cannabis has a new market value of
1billion in 2023. Cannabis continues to be
the “most used drug on earth”, with an
estimated 219 million users (4.3 per cent
of the global adult population) in 2021.
Use of the drug is increasing and although
globally cannabis users are mostly men
(about 70%).
2.Cocaine-Is without a doubt one of the
most sought-after and fought-over drugs
in existence. The U.N.’s Global Report
on Cocaine 2023 says new hubs for
trafficking in the multibillion dollar
industry have emerged in West and
Central Africa in the last two years. New
improvements and innovations in
cultivation of the coca bush and
conversion from coca plant to cocaine
have also helped production boom —
rising by 35% between 2021 and 2022 to
record levels.
Much of the vast quantities in circulation
are believed to have been trade by
Joaquin Guzman Loera, known to
authorities as the biggest cocaine dealer
on the planet and the FBI’s and Interpol’s
most wanted man. And they call “El
Chapo”
3.Heroin- Is an opiate widely held to be
one of the most destructive drugs in the
world. Highly addictive, when used with
sufficient regularity it can control and
dictate user’s live, leaving them quite
literally desperate for a dose. Another big
player in the world heroin markets is
Myanmar (formerly Burma), which
represents the hub of the “Golden
Triangle”.
4.Opioids- Opioids continue to be the
group of substances with the highest
contribution to severe drug-related harm,
including fatal overdoses. An estimated
60 million people engaged in non-medical
opioid use in 2021, 31.5 million of whom
used opiates (mainly heroin).
5.Methamphetamine- Not to be confused
with amphetamines more generally, is
commonly known as crystal meth. The
powerful psycho stimulant drug, which
produces an intense high by releasing high
levels of dopamine in the brain, is also
highly addictive, making it an attractive
commodity for drug dealer.
6.Amphetamines- The drug, commonly
known on the street as “speed”, was used
by more people (60%) in Asia than
anywhere else. It is estimated that in 2021,
36 million people had used amphetamines.
The proportion of female users is higher
in the case of amphetamine-type
stimulants(45% of users are women).
7.Ecstasy-Known as a “clubbing
drug”and commonly taken in pill form.
The production and export of “E” or “X”
has or many years been associated in
Europe, although the market has
increasingly moved elsewhere in recent
times.
8.LSD-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide,
commonly known as LSD or simply acid,
is a wellknown psychedelic drug first
synthesized by the Swiss chemist Albert
Hofmann back in 1938. There was
reportedly 90 percent decrease in the
global liability of the drug.
9.Ketamine-is a drug primarily intended
for use in veterinary medicine, and
although used on many different animals
it perhaps most popularly known as a
horse tranquilizer.
10.Temazepam-is a potent hypnotic
benzodiazepine –a group of sedatives
sometimes known colloquially as
“benzos.”Used as a prescription drug in
anxiety treatment. Taken in higher doses,
the effects can be similar to alcohol, with
increased confidence and a lack of
inhibitions shown by users.
11. Khat-is a plant found in East Africa
and the Arabian Peninsula at contains a
stimulant skin to amphetamines.
Estimated to be used regularly by several
million people, it causes a high that can
create excitement and euphoria as well as
trifling the appetite.
DRUGS COMMONLY ABUSED
1) STIMULANT DRUGS
Drug that excite the central nervous
system, increasing alertness, decreasing
fatigue, delaying sleep, also impale
appetite and cause weight loss.
a) Shabu – is a white, odorless crystal or
crystalline powder with a bitter numbing
taste.
*Its street names are: poor man’s cocaine,
S, ice, Shabs, Ubas, bato, Siopao etc.
Scientific Name of Shabu:
Methamphetamine hydrochloride.
Methamphetamine –is a type of
amphetamine which produces an intense
high by releasing high levels of dopamine
in the brain.
b.) Cocaine – is a drug from the leaves of
the Coca plant, a shrub that originated in
South America that produces a temporary
increase of the functional activity or
efficiency of an organism or any of its
parts.
*Street names – Coke, Snow, Flake, Bow
The name comes from "coca" and the
alkaloid suffix -ine, forming cocaine. It is
a stimulant, an appetite suppressant, and
a topical anesthetic.
c.Amphetamines-is a psychostimulant
drug of the phenethylamine class that
produces increased wakefulness and focus
in association with decreased fatigue and
appetite.
–Drug that is stimulant to the central
nervous system. It is colorless and maybe
inhaled, injected or swallowed. It may be
used medically to treat depression, and
obesity.
2) OPIATES/NARCOTIC DRUGS
Group of drugs that are used medically to
relieve pain, but have a high potential for
abuse.
-In medicine, the term opiate describes
any of the narcotic opioid alkaloids found
as natural products in the opium poppy
plant, Papaver somniferum.
Opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, is
the species of plant from which opium
and poppy seeds are derived. Opium is the
source of many narcotics, including
morphine (and its derivative heroin),
thebaine, codeine, papave rine and
noscapine. The Latin botanical name
means the "sleep-bringing poppy",
referring to the sedative properties of
some of these opiates.
a.)Narcotics–substance that lessens pain
and/or induces stupor.
Ex. Loperamide (Imodium); Methadone;
Codeine and Dyphenoxylate (Lomotil) etc.
b. ) Morphine – is a potent opiate
analgesic drug that is used to relieve
severe pain.
- It took its name from the Greek god of
dreams Morpheus.
-The most abundant alkaloid found in
Opium, the dried sap (latex) derived from
shallowly slicing the unripe seedpods of
the opium, or common and/or edible,
poppy.
Morphine can usually be found in tablet
form, a syrup, injection or as a
suppository form.Morphine is usually
taken orally via a syrup, tablet or capsule,
however, it can come in an injectable form.
c) Heroin – is processed from morphine, a
naturally occurring substance extracted
from the seed pod of certain varieties of
poppy plants.
It is typically sold as a white or brownish
powder or as the lack sticky substance
known on the streets as "black tar heroin”.
3) HALLUCINOGEN DRUGS
Drugs that are derived from plants
chemical substances which affects the
perception, sensation, behavior and
produces hallucination on the user.
a.) Marijuana - is the term used to
describe all the plant material like leaves,
tops, stems, flowers and roots from a
cannabis plant (Cannabis sativa), dried
and prepared for smoking or taken orally
as “brownies”.
The mind altering component is the
tetrahydrocannabinol; THC for short,
which is concentrated in the resin.
4)DEPRESSANTS/SEDATIVES DRUG
Drugs that have mild-calming or sleep-
producing effect upon the central nervous
system.
- e.g. Valium
5) INHALANTS DRUGS
Drugs whose volatile vapors are taken in
via the nose and trachea.
- includes solvents, bases and aerosol,
rugby, gasoline, hair spray, lighter fluid
and air freshener
OTHER DANGEROUS DRUGS
1.Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
(MDMA) or commonly known as
"Ecstasy", "X-TC", "Adam", "Eden
Tablet", or by its any other name - refers
to the drug having such chemical
composition, including any of its isomers
or derivatives in any form;
2. Ketamine - is an anesthetic that is
abused for its hallucinogenic properties.
Its predominant legitimate use is as a
veterinary anesthetic.
THE PHILIPPINE ANTI DRUG
EFFORTS
• On February 16, 1972, Philippine
Constabulary Anti Narcotics Unit was
activated (CANU).
•On March 30, 1972, Republic Act 6425
otherwise known as the ‘Dangerous Drug
Act of1972” was approved.
-This law created the Dangerous Drug
Board as the policy-making and
regulatory body on prevention and
control of drug abuse. RA 6425 serves as
the backbone of the Philippine drug
enforcement system.
• January 3, 1973, President Ferdinand E.
Marcos ordered the immediate execution
of Chinese national Lim Seng alias Gan
Sou So, top heroin trafficker in the
Philippines, by firing squad at the Fort
Bonifacio grounds.
• The execution was aired live in television.
• CANU was renamed as AFP
NARCOM on February 1, 1983
• AFP NARCOM functions were
absorbed by PNP Narcotics Group in
1991
• PDEA was created upon enactment of
RA 9165 in 2002
- Signed June 7, 2002
- Published June 19, 2002
-Took effect July 4, 2002
-Creation of The new Dangerous Drugs
Board (DDB) as the policy and strategy
formulating body.
-The Philippine Drug Enforcement
Agency (PDEA) as its implementing arm.
•In July 2002, PDDG Anselmo Avenido
(Ret.) appointed as first Director General
of PDEA.
•On April 6, 2006, Gen. Dionisio R.
Santiago (Ret) appointed as PDEA
Director General vice Anselmo
Avenido.
•In January 2011, PCSUPT Jose
Gutierrez (Ret) was appointed as PDEA
Director General vice Gen. Dionisio R.
Santiago (Ret).
WITH THE CREATION OF PDEA
-the secretariat of the National Drug Law
Enforcement and Prevention
Coordinating Center or DEP Center has
been absorbed by the new agency
* Narcotics Group of the PNP;
* Narcotics Division of the NBI; and
* Narcotics Interdiction Unit of the
Bureau of Customs have been abolished
PHILIPPINE DRUG ENFORCEMENT
AGENCY (PDEA)
> A law enforcement agency
> Lead agency on the government’s anti-
drug campaign
> Responsible for efficient and effective
law enforcement of all provisions on any
dangerous drug
and/or controlled precursor and essential
chemicals
-Serves as the implementing arm of the
Dangerous Drug Board (DDB).
-Responsible for the efficient and
effective law enforcement of all the
provisions on any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential
chemical as provided in RA 9165.
DANGEROUS DRUG BOARD
Created by virtue of Republic Act 6425
otherwise known as Dangerous Drug Act
of 1972 subsequently repealed by RA
9165.
-the policy-making & strategy-
formulating body in the planning &
formulation of policies & programs on
drug prevention & control.
-It shall develop and adopt a
comprehensive, integrated, unified and
balanced national drug abuse prevention
and control strategy.
THE FOUR PILLARS OF ANTI
DRUG CAMPAIGN
1. Drug Supply Reduction Drive
- Reduce the supply of drugs
- Drive the prices high and create acute
shortage of drugs
- Neutralize sources of drugs
2. Drug Demand Reduction Drive
-Reduce the demand side of the drug
chain
-Concentrates on anti-drug advocacy
efforts –public information and treatment
and rehabilitation
- Targets non-users, casual drug users and
addicts/recovering persons
3. Alternative Development/Reform
Programs
- Development/livelihood program
- Education program
- Family solidarity/development program
-Good governance program
- Legal reforms
4. International Cooperation
- Neutralize transnational drug syndicates
- Minimize drug trafficking to and from
the country
-Exchange of information and
technologies
- Multilateral, regional, sub-regional and
bilateral assistance and cooperation