AR-133

REPORT BASIC COMPUTER IN

ARCHITECTURE

SUBMITTED BY: MUNTAHA FAISAL

CHECKED BY:MRS.NOORJAHAN --------------------------------------
CONTENTS;
➢ Definitions
➢ Types of computer
➢ Data cycle
➢ Input & output devices
➢ Primary and secondary storage
➢ Block diagram of computer components
➢ BODMAS Abbreviation
➢ AutoCAD (Definitions)
➢ AutoCAD screen sketch
➢ Distinguish between 2D and 3D drawing
➢ Short keys of 2D and 3D commands
➢ ALU Abbreviation and definition
➢ Plan
➢ Elevation
➢ Difference between i. Copy & Offset
ii. Copy & Array
iii. Trim & Delete
➢ Uses of control commands
➢ Steps to draw Bathroom fixtures
➢ Steps to draw Furniture fixtures
 ➢ DEFINITIONS:

1. COMPUTER:
A computer is an electronic device used for storing and
processing data typically in binary form, according to
instructions given to it in variable form.

2. FILE:
A file is a container in a computer system for storing
information.

3. DATA:
Data is a piece of information that has been translated into a
form that is efficient for movement or processing.

4. RECORD:
A record is a collection of files.

5. PROGRAM:
A program is a specific set of operations for a computer to
perform.

6. HARDWARE:
Computer hardware includes physical parts of a computer.

7. SOFTWARE:
Software is a set of instruments that can be run by hardware.

8. BUFFERZONE:
A buffer zone is a region of memory used to temporarily store
data while it is being moved from one place to another.
 ➢ TYPES OF COMPUTERS:
Computers are of various types and they can be categorized
in two ways (a.) On the basis of size (b.) On the basis of data
handling capabilities.
On the basis of size, there are 5 types of computers;
1. Supercomputer
2. Mainframe computer
3. Mini computer
4. Workstation
5. PC (Personal Computer)
On the basis of data handling capabilities, there are 3 types
of computers;
1. Analogue computer
2. Digital computer
3. Hybrid computer

➢ DATA CYCLE:
The data cycle consists of a series of steps where raw
data (input) is fed into a system to produce actionable
insights (output).

INPUT → PROCESSING → OUTPUT

STORAGE (CPU)

➢ INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES:

An input device is a piece of equipment used to
provide data and control signals to an information
processing system whereas, an output device is any
hardware device used to send data from a computer to
another device or computer.
 INPUT DEVICES: OUTPUT DEVICES;
1. Keyboard 1. Printer
2. Mouse 2. Monitor
3. Joystick 3. Plotter
4. Light pen 4. Scanner

➢ PRIMARY AND SECONDARY STORAGE:

Primary memory refers to random access memory
(RAM), while secondary storage refers to devices such as
hard disks, removable USB drives, CDs, and DVDs.
STORAGE DEVICES:
1. Floppy disks
2. SD Card
3. Hard disk
4. DVD
5. RAM
6. Memory card
➢ BLOCK DIAGRAM OF COMPUTER COMPONENTS;

➢ BODMAS ABBREVIATION:
B=Bracket
O=Open
 D=Division
M=Multiplication
A=Addition
S=Subtraction
➢ AUTOCAD;
AutoCAD is a commercial computer-aided drawing
design (CAD), developed by Auto Desk. It allows you to
draw 2D and 3D designs more quickly and easily than you
could do by hand.

UNIT;
Units are used to define dimensions in AutoCAD, the
units are categorized into length, angle, insertion scale,
and lighting.
➢ Type ‘unit’ or ‘UN’ on the command line or command
prompt.
➢ Press ‘enter’ or ‘spacebar’.
➢ The dialogue box of “units” will appear on the screen.

SCALE FACTOR;
The scale command is used to resize the design built
into AutoCAD. The scale factor is used to multiply the
dimensions of an object with a specific scale. A scale
factor between 0 and 1 shrinks the object and a scale
factor greater than 1 enlarges the object.

➢ AUTOCAD SCREEN;
➢ 2D AND 3D DRAWING:
A 2D drawing is a two-dimensional drawing used to
display length and height information on a flat surface
without depth. Although 3D is defined as a 3-dimensional
drawing or model which describes an object’s height,
width, and depth.

➢ 2D COMMANDS AND SHORT-KEYS;

1. Arc → A
2. Array →AR
3. Area → AA
4. Boundary → BO
5. Block → B
6. Break → BR
7. Circle → C
8. Copy → CO
9. Dimension → D
10. Distance → DIS/DI
11. Divide → DIV
12. Design center → ctrl+2
13. Dom it → DO
14. Ellipse → EL
15. Erase → E
16. Explode → X
17. Extend → EX
18. Fillet → F
19. Hatch → H
20. Hatch edit → HE
21. Insert → I
22. Layer → LA
23. Lengthen → LEN
24. Line type → LT
25. Line → L
26. List → LI
27. Line weight → LW
28. Mirror → MI
29. Multiline → ML
30. M Text → MT
31. Move → M
32. Offset → O
33. Options → OP
34. Object snap → OS
35. Pen → P
36. Polyline → PL
37. P Edit → PE
38. Polygon →POL
39. Point → PO
40. Properties → MO
41. Match property → MA
42. Rectangle → REC
43. Rotate → RO
44. Scale → SC
45. Spline → SPL
46. Stretch → S
47. Text → DT
48. Tool bar → TO
49. Trim → TR
50. Undo → U
51. Unit → UN
52. View → V
53. X Line → XL
54. Zoom → Z
➢ 3D COMMANDS AND SHORT KEYS;
1. Extrude → EXT
2. Subtract→ SU
3. Union → UNI
4. Intersect → IN
5. Region → REG
6. Revolve → REV
7. Render → RR

➢ ALU:
A = ARITHMETIC
L = LOGIC
U = UNIT

DEFINITION:
An arithmetic logic unit is the part of the central
processing unit that carries out arithmetic and logic
operations on the operand in computer instructions work.

➢ PLAN:
A plan is drawn from a horizontal plane looking down
from above. This is as if you sliced through a space
horizontally and stood over looking down. Plans are
common design drawings for the graphic representation
of Architecture.

➢ ELEVATION:
Geometrically, an elevation is a horizontal
orthographic projection of a building onto a vertical
plane, the vertical plane normally being parallel to one
side of the building.
 An elevation is a drawing that shows the front or side
of something. A floor plan, by contrast, shows a space
from above – as if you are looking down on the room from
the ceiling.

➢ DIFFERENCE BETWEEN;

1. COPY & OFFSET:

A copy can create duplicates of an object at a
specified distance and direction from the original while
offset is used to create a new object whose shape
parallels the shape of the original object.

2. COPY & ARRAY:

The copy command is used to copy the elements in
an order defined by the user. On the other hand, the
array is used to copy the objects with predefined angles
and numbers in a fixed order.

3. TRIM & DELETE:

The trim command is used to erase only specific
unwanted parts of a figure while with the delete
command, the complete figure of the big entity or a line is
deleted.

➢ USES OF CONTROL COMMANDS:

1. CTRL+F:
“Control + f” is the keyboard shortcut for the find
command. If we have to find a document or in a web
browser pressing the ctrl key + the F key will bring up a
search box in the top corner of the screen.
 2. CTRL+Z:
The “Control + Z” command is used to undo or redo an
action. The undo or redo feature let you remove or repeat
single or multiple actions.

3. CTRL+S:
The “control + S” command is used to save a file on the
computer.

➢ STEPS OF MAKING FIXTURES IN AUTOCAD;

➢ BATHROOM FIXTURES;
1. WC:
1. Set the unit to Architectural by using the unit command.
2. Insert a layer named “Fixtures” and select the color Magenta.
3. Select a specific point and draw a rectangle of 22” x 10” by using
the REC command.
4. Select the offset ‘o’ command and take an offset of 2 inches on
the inside of the rectangle.
5. Take a midpoint and draw a line in the middle of the rectangle.
6. Take the same middle line 20 inches downwards from the
rectangle.
7. select the ellipse ‘EL’ command and draw an ellipse from the end
of the rectangle to 20” downwards at the end middle line.
8. Take the cursor to the right side and enter the ‘axis end’ of 8”.
9. Take an offset of the ellipse on the outside of 2 inches.
10. Now take a midpoint in the center of the rectangle and draw a
circle of 1”.
11. Trim all the excess lines by using ‘TR double enter’.
 2. WASHBASIN:

1. Select the layer of fixtures from the layers command.

2. Select a point and draw a rectangle of 26” x 22”.
3. Select the ‘explode (X)’ command and explode the
rectangle.
4. Take an offset on the inside of 9” of the top line of the
rectangle.
5. Select the Ellipse (EL) command and draw an ellipse from the
offset to the end of the rectangle.
6. Take an offset on the inside of the rectangle measuring 2”.
7. Take an offset of 4.5” of the 9” offset on the inside.
8. Select a midpoint and draw 3 circles measuring 1”, and 4”
apart from each other.
9. Trim all excess lines.

3. SHOWER TRAY:
1. Select the layer of fixtures.
2. Specify a point and draw a rectangle of 30” x 30”.
3. draw a diagonal line from the top left corner of the rectangle
to the inside, measuring 12”.
3. Take an offset of 0.5” on both sides of the diagonal line.
4. Trim the center line.
5. draw a circle at the end of the diagonal line, measuring 2”.
6. Trim all excess lines.

➢ BEDROOM FIXTURES;

1. BED:

1. Select the layer of fixtures.

2. Specify a point and draw a rectangle of 5’ x 6’.
3. Select explode (X) command and explode the
rectangle.
4. Take an offset of 18” from the top line of the
rectangle on the inside.
5. Take a midpoint and draw a line in the center of the
offset and the top line.
6. Use the Filet(f) command and curve the edges of the
pillows.
7. Make any patterns and lines to show the texture of
the bedsheet.
8. Trim any excess lines.

2. WARDROBE:

1. Draw a rectangle of 72” x 24”.

2. Select a corner and make a diagonal line to the
opposite corner.
3. take 1” offsets of any one part of the rectangle.
4. Trim all excess lines.

3. SOFA:

1. Select the fixture layer.

2. Draw a rectangle measuring 6’ x 2’.
3. Use explode command and explode the rectangle.
4. Take an offset on the inside of the rectangle of 6” on
3 sides.
5. divide the length of 6’ into 3 parts by taking offsets of
2’.
6. Trim all excess lines.

4. SIDE TABLE:

1. Select the fixture layer.

2. Specify a point and draw a rectangle of 18” x 18”.
3. Use explode command and explode the rectangle.
4. Take an offset of 1” on the outside of the rectangle
(only on one side).
5. Select P edit and click on the offset line, Type ‘y’ and
increase the width of selected polyline.