NAME: VENUS S.

DAPUSALA
3 BSCE – A
CHAPTER 4 EXERCISE PROBLEMS

1. A car travelling on a horizontal road has a rectangular crosssection, 6m long by 2.40m wide by
1.50m high. If the car is half full of water, what is the maximum acceleration it can undergo without
spilling any water? Neglecting the weight of the car, what force is required to produce maximum
acceleration?

2. A cylindrical bucket is accelerated upward with an acceleration of gravity. If the bucket is 0.60m
in diameter and 1.20 m deep, what is the force on the bottom of the bucket if it contains 0.90 m
depth of wet concrete whose specific weight is 22,000 N/m3? What is force on the bottom idf
the bucket is accelerated downward at
9.81 m/s2?
3. A rectangular car is 3 m long by 1.5 m wide and 1.5 m deep. If friction is neglected and the car
rolls down a plane with an inclination of 20°, what is the inclination of the water surface if the car
contained 0.60 m depth of water when the car was horizontal?

4. An open tank, 9.15 m long is supported on a car moving on a level track and uniformly
accelerated from rest to 48 km/hr. When at rest the tank was filled with water to within 15 cm of
its top. Find the shortest time in which the acceleration may be accomplished without spilling
over the edge.

5. A rectangular tank, 60 cm long and containing 20 cm of water is given an acceleration of a

quarter of the acceleration of gravity along the length. How deep will the water be at the rear
end? At the front end? What is the pressure force at the rear end if it is 45 cm wide?
6. Fig. GG shows a container having a width of 1.50 m. Calculate the total forces on the ends and
bottom of the container when at rest and when being accelerated vertically upward at 3 m/s².

7. A closed rectangular tank 1.20 m high by 2.40 m long by 1.50 m wide is filled with water
and the pressure at the top is raised to 140 KPa. Calculate the pressures in the corners of this
tank when it is accelerated horizontally along its length at 4.60 m/s².
8. A pipe 2.50 cm in diameter is 1.0 m long and filled with 0.60 m of water. If the pipe is
capped at both ends and rotated in a horizontal plane about a vertical axis through one end of
the pipe, what is the pressure at the other end of the pipe when it is rotating at 200 RPM?

9. An open vertical cylindrical tank 0.60 m in diameter and 1.20 m high is half full of water.
If it is rotated about its vertical axis so that water just reach the top, find the speed of rotation.
What will then be the maximum pressure in the tank? If the water were 1.0 m deep, what speed
will cause the water to just reach the top? What is the depth of water at the center?

10. If the tank of Prob. 9 is half full of oil (sp.gr. 0.75) what speed of rotation is necessary to
expose one- half of the bottom diameter? How much oil is lost in attaining this speed?
11. The U-tube of figure HH is given a uniform acceleration of 1.22 m/s² to the right. What is
the depth in AB and the pressures at B, G and D?

Solution:

12. The U-tube of fig. HH is rotated about an axis through HG so that the velocity at B is 3
m/s. What are the pressures at B and G?

13. The U-tube of fig. HH is rotated about HG. At what angular velocity does the pressure at
G become zero gage? What angular velocity is required to produce a cavity at G?

Solution:
14. The tank of Prob. 9 is covered with a lid having a small hole at the center and filled with
water. If the tank is then rotated about its vertical axis at 8 rad/s, what is the pressure at any
point on the circumference of the upper cover? Of the lower cover?

15. The tank of Prob. 9 contains 0.60 m of water covered by 0.30 m of oil (sp. Gr. 0.75)
What speed of rotation will cause the oil to reach the top? What is then the pressure at any point
on the circumference of the bottom?

16.The tube of figure II is rotated about axis AB. What angular velocity is required to make the
pressures at B and C equal? At that speed where is the location of the minimum pressure along
BC?
17. A vessel 30 cm in diameter and filled with water is rotated about its vertical with such a
speed that the water surface at a distance of 7.50 cm from its axis makes an angle of 45° with the
horizontal?

18. A cylindrical vessel, 0.30 m deep, is half filled with water. When it is rotated about its
vertical axis with a speed of 150 RPM, the water just rises to the rim of the vessel. Find the
diameter of the vessel.

19. A conical vessel with vertical axis has an altitude of 1 m and is filled with water. Its base, 0.60
m in diameter, is horizontal and uppermost. If the vessel is rotated about its axis with a speed of
60 RPM, how much water will remain in it?
20. A cylindrical bucket, 35 cm deep and 30 cm in diameter, contains water to a depth of 30 cm.
A man swings this bucket thru a vertical plane, the bottom of the bucket describing a circle
having a diameter of 2.15 m. What is the minimum speed of rotation that the bucket can have
without permitting water to spill?

21. If the water which just fills a hemispherical bowl of 1.0 m radius be made to rotate uniformly
about the vertical axis of the bowl at the rate of 30 RPM, determine the amount of water that
will spill out?

22. The open cylindrical tank of fig. JJ is rotated about its vertical axis at the rate of 60 RPM. If
initially filled with water, how high above the top of the tank will water rise in the attached
piezometer?
23. A closed cylindrical tank with axis vertical, 2 m high and 0.60 m in diameter is filled with
water, the intensity of pressure at the top being 140 KPa. The metal making up the side is 0.25
cm thick. If the vessel is rotated about its vertical axis at 240 RPM, compute a) total pressure on
the side wall, b) total pressure against the top, c) maximum intensity of hoop tension in pascals.

24. A small pipe, 0.60 m long, is filled with water and capped at both ends. If placed in a
horizontal position, how fast must it be rotated about a vertical axis, 0.30 m from one end, to
produce maximum pressure of 6,900 KPa?

25. A vertical cylindrical tank 2 m high and 1.30 m in diameter, two – thirds full of water, is
rotated uniformly about its axis until it is on the point of overflowing. Compute the linear velocity
at the circumference. How fast will it have to rotate in order that 0.170 m³ of water will spill out?
26. A steel cylinder, closed at the top, is 3 m high and 2 m in diameter. It is filled with water
and rotated about its vertical axis until the water pressure is about to burst the sides of the
cylinder by hoop tension. The metal is 0.625 cm thick and its ultimate strength is 345 MPa. How
fast must the vessel be rotated?

27. A conical vessel with axis vertical and sides sloping at 30° with the same is rotated about
another axis 0.60 m from it. What must be the speed of rotation so that water poured into it will
be entirely discharged by the rotative effect?
NAME: VENUS S. DAPUSALA
3 BSCE-A
CHAPTER 3 EXERCISE PROBLEMS

1. A rectangular plate 4m by 3m is immersed vertically with one of the longer sides along the water
surface. How must a dividing line be drawn parallel to the surface so as to divide the plate into
two areas, the total forces upon which shall be equal.

2. A triangle of height h and base b is vertically submerged in a liquid. The base b coincides with the
liquid surface. Derive the relation that will give the location of the center of pressure.

3. The composite area shown in Figure A is submerged vertically in a liquid with specific gravity 0.85.
Determine the magnitude and location of the total hydrostatic force on one face of the area.
4. The gate in Figure B is subjected to water pressure on one side and to air pressure on the other
side. Determine the value of x for which the gate will rotate counter clockwise if the gate is (a)
rectangular, 1.5 m by 1.0 m base and 1.0 m high.

5. A vertical circular gate 1 m in diameter is subjected to pressure of liquid of specific gravity 1.40
on one side. The free surface of the liquid is 2.60 m above the uppermost part of the gate.
Calculate the total force on the gate and the location of the center of pressure.
6. A horizontal tunnel having a diameter of 3m is closed by a vertical gate. When the tunnel is (a) ½
full (b) ¾ full, of water, determine the magnitude and location of the total force.

7. In Figure C is a parabolic segment submerged vertically in water. Determine the magnitude and
location of the total force on one face of the area.
8. A sliding gate 3 m wide by 1.60 m high is in a vertical position. The coefficient of friction
between the gate and guides is 0.20. If the gate weighs 18 kN and its upper edge is 10 m below
the water surface, what vertical force is required to lift it?
Neglect the thickness of the gate.

9. The upper edge of a vertical trapezoidal gate is 1.60 m long and flush with the water surface.
The two edges are vertical and measure 2 m and 3 m, respectively.
Calculate the force and location of the center of pressure on one side of the gate.

10. How far below the water surface is it necessary to immerse a vertical plane surface, 1 m
square, two edges of which are horizontal, so that the center of pressure will be located 2.50 cm
below the center of gravity.
11. The gate shown in Figure D is hinged at B and rests on a smooth surface at A. If the gate is
1.60 m wide perpendicular to the paper, find B H and BV.

12. In Figure E gate AB is 2m wide perpendicular to the paper. Determine FH to hold the gate in
equilibrium.
13. Calculate the resultant of the hydrostatic forces on the gate of Figure F. What vertical force P
is necessary to lift the gate at point A? Width of gate is 1.60 m.

14. The width of the gate of Figure G normal to the paper is 3m. What vertical force must
be applied at “a” to prevent collapse when h = 6 m? Neglect weight of the gate. What is the
stress in strut BC?
 15. The gate of Figure H is hinged at A and rests on a smooth surface at B. The gate is
circular having a diameter of 3 m, determine the value of the vertical having a diameter of 3 m.
Determine the value of the vertical force P that will open the gate at B.

16. A triangular gate having a horizontal base of 1.30 m and an altitude of 2 m is inclined 45° from
the vertical with the vertex pointing upward. The base of the gate is 2.60 m below the surface of
oil (s = 0.80). What normal force must be applied at the vertex of the gate to open it?
17. What depth of water will cause the rectangular gate of Figure I to fall? Neglect weight of the
gate.

18. Determine the horizontal and vertical components of the total force on the gate of Figure J. The
width of the gate normal to the paper is 2 m.
19. The corner of a floating body has a quarter cylinder AB having a length normal to the paper of 3
m. Calculate the magnitude and location of each of the components of force on AB. Figure K.

20. The cylindrical gate of Figure L is 3m long. Find the total force on the gate. What is the minimum
weight of the gate to maintain equilibrium of the system?
21. Determine the magnitude and direction of the force on the radial gate of Figure M. AB has a
length of 2 m normal to paper.

22. End AB of Figure N has a section in the shape of a quadrant. If the tank has a length of 3 m,
determine the total force acting on the end.
23. The gate of Figure O is 3 m long. Find the magnitude and location of the horizontal and vertical of
the forces components on the gate AB.

24. A pyramidical object having a square base (2 m on a side) and 1.50 m high weighs 18 kN. The
base covers a square hole (2 m on a side) at the bottom of a tank. If water stands 1.50 m in the
tank, what force is necessary to lift the object off the bottom? Assume that atmospheric pressure
acts on the water surface and underneath the bottom of the tank.
25. The hemispherical dome of Figure P surmounts a closed tank containing a liquid of specific
gravity 0.75. The gage indicates 60 kPa. Determine the tension holding the bolts in place.

26. Figure Q shows a semi-conical buttress. Calculate the components of the total force acting on the
surface of this semi-conical buttress.
27. In Figure R a circular opening is closed by a sphere. If the pressure at B is 350 kPa absolute, what
horizontal force is exerted by the sphere on the opening?

28. Calculate the force required to hold the cone of Figure S in position.

29. The section of a gate at the gate at the end of a tank is shown in Figure T. It has a length of 3 m
normal to the paper and hinged at O. If the depth of the water is 2.50 m, calculate P to maintain
equilibrium.
30. A pipe having a diameter of 30 cm is exposed to an atmospheric pressure of 70 cm of mercury,
while the pressure inside is 33 cm of mercury. What is the maximum allowable internal pressure
in the pipe?

31. A steel pipe having a diameter of 15 cm and a wall thickness of 9.50 mm has an allowable stress
of 140,000 kPa. What is the maximum allowable internal pressure in the pipe?

32. A pipe carrying steam at a pressure of 7,000 kPa has an inside diameter of 20 cm. If the pipe is
made of steel with an allowable stress of 400,000 kPa, what is the factor of safety if the wall
thickness is 6.25 mm?

33. A 60 cm cast-iron main leads from a reservoir whose water surface is at El. 1590 m. In the heart
of the city the main is at EL 1415m. What is the stress in the pipe wall if the thickness of the wall
is 12.5 mm and the external soil pressure is 520 kPa?
Assume static conditions.
34. Compute the stress in a 90 cm pipe with wall thickness of 9.50 mm if the water fills it under a
head of 70 m.

35. A wood stave pipe, 120 cm in inside diameter, is to resist a maximum water pressure of 1,200
kPa. If the staves are bound by steel flat bands (10 cm by 2.50 cm), find the spacing of the bands
if its allowable stress is 105 MPa.

36. A continuous wood stave pipe is 3 m in diameter and is in service under a pressure head of 30 m
of water. The staves are secured by metal hoops 2.50 cm in diameter. How far apart should the
hoops be spaced in order that the allowable stress in the metal hoop of 105 MPa be not
exceeded? Assume that there is an initial tension in the hoops of 4.50 kN due to cinching.

37. A vertical cylindrical container, 1.60 m in diameter and 4 m high, is held together by means of
hoops, one at the top and the other at the bottom. A liquid of specific gravity 1.40 stands 3 m in
the container. Calculate the tension in each hoop.
38. An open cylindrical wood stave tank contains three liquids with specific gravities 2, 3, and 4,
respectively. The depth of the bottom liquid is 2 m, while the other two has a depth of 1 m each.
If the diameter of the container is 2 m, determine the tension in the top and bottom hoops
which are holding the container in place.

39. An open tank in the shape of a frustum of a cone is bound by two hoops, one at the top and the
other at the bottom. The diameters at the top and bottom are 2 m and 3 m, respectively. If the
total bursting force is to be taken care of by the hoops, find the tension in each hoop if water
stands 2 m in the tank. Height of tank is 3 m.
40. A masonry dam has a trapezoidal section: one face is vertical, width at the top is 60 cm and at
the bottom is 3 m. The dam is 7 m high with the vertical face subjected to water pressure. If the
depth of water is 5m, where will the resultant force intersect the base? Determine the
distribution of pressure along the base, (a) assuming there is no uplift pressure; (b) assuming that
the uplift pressure varies uniformly from the full hydrostatic at the heel to zero at the toe.
Specific weight of masonry is 23.54 kN/m3.
41. The masonry dam of Problem 40 has its inclined face subjected to pressure due to a depth of 5 m
of water. If there is no uplift pressure, where will the resultant intersect the base? Specific
weight of concrete is 23.54 kN/m3.

42. A masonry dam of trapezoidal cross section, with one face vertical has a thickness of 60 cm at
the top, 3.70 m at the base, and has height of 7.40 m. What is the depth of water on the vertical
face? What is the minimum length of the base of the dam such that the resultant will intersect
the base at the downstream edge of the middle third? Assume that the uplift pressure varies
uniformly from full hydrostatic at the heel to zero at the toe.
43. A concrete dam is triangular in cross section and 30 m high from the horizontal base. If water
reaches a depth of 27 m on the vertical face, what is the minimum length of the base within the
middle third? What minimum coefficient of friction is required to prevent sliding? Determine the
pressure distribution along the base.
44. The section of a masonry dam is shown in Figure U. If the uplift pressure varies uniformly from
full hydrostatic at the heel to full hydrostatic at the toe, but acts over 2/3 of the area of the base,
find: (a) The location of the resultant, (b) factor of safety against overturning, (c) factor of safety
against sliding if the coefficient of friction between base and foundation is 0.60.
45. Shown in Figure V is an overflow dam. If there is no uplift pressure, determine the location of the
resultant.

SOLUTION:

46. The base of a solid metal cone (sp. gr. 6.95) is 25 cm in diameter. The altitude of the cone is 30
cm. If placed in a basin containing mercury (sp. gr. 13.60) with the apex of the cone down, how
deep will the cone float?
47. If the metal sphere 60 cm in diameter weighs 11,120 N in the air, what would be its weight when
submerged in (a) water? (b) Mercury?

48. A rectangular solid piece of wood 30 cm square and 5 cm thick floats in water to a depth of 3.25
cm. How heavy an object must be placed on the wood (sp. gr. 0.50) in such a way that it will just
be submerged?

49. A hollow vessel in the shape of a paraboloid of revolution floats in fresh water with its axis vertical
and the vertex down. Find the depth to which it must be filled with a liquid (sp. gr. 1.20) so that its
vertex will be submerged at 45 cm from the water surface.
50. A barge is 16 m long by 7 m wide by 120 cm deep, outside dimensions. The sides and bottom of
the barge are made of timber having thickness of 30 cm. The timber weighs 7860 N/m 3. If there
is to be a freeboard of 20 cm in fresh water how many cubic meters of sand weighing 15700
N/m3 may be loaded uniformly into the barge?

51. A brass sphere (sp. gr. 8.60) is placed in a body of mercury. If the diameter of the sphere is 30 cm
(a) what minimum force would be required to hold it submerged in mercury? (b) What is the
depth of floatation of the sphere when it is floating freely?
52. A spherical balloon weighs 3115 N. How many Newtons of helium have to be put in the balloon
to cause it to rise, (a) at sea level? (b) At an elevation of 4570 m ?

53. The specific gravity of rock used as concrete aggregate is often desirable to know. If a rock
weighed 6.15 N in the air and 3.80 N when submerged in water, what would be the specific
gravity of the rock?

54. A piece of wood weighs 17.80 N in air and a piece of metal weighs 17.80 N in water. Together the
two weigh 13.35 N in water. What is the specific gravity of the wood?
55. In Figure W is shown a thin-walled inverted box 1.60 m long and 30 cm square, which was full
of air before being submerged. In position (a), it is being held by 0.0280 m3 of concrete anchor
weighing 23540 N/m3. Determine the depth D1. At what other depth D2 (position B) is the
system in equilibrium?

56. In Figure X a gate 1.30 m square and 30 cm thick is hinged at A. It is subjected to water
pressures on both sides. What force T is required to open the gate if it weighs 1780 N?
57. The timber AB of Figure Y is 7.20 m long by 15 cm square. Find the specific weight of the timber
and the total weight of the anchor (sp. gr. 2.40).

58. A sphere 1 m in diameter floats half submerged in a tank of liquid (sp. gr. =0.80) (a) what is the
weight of the sphere? (b) What is the minimum weight of the anchor (sp. gr. 2.40) that will
require to submerge the sphere completely?
59. Figure Z shows a hemispherical shell covering a circular hole 1.30 m in diameter at the vertical
side of a tank. If the shell weighs 12,450 N, what vertical force is necessary to lift the shell
considering a friction factor of 0.30 between the wall and the shell?

60. An iceberg has a specific gravity of 0.92 and floats in salt water (sp. gr. 1.03). If the volume of ice
above the water surface is 700 m3, what is the total volume of the iceberg?
61. A concrete cube 60 cm on each edge (sp. gr. 2.40) rests on the bottom of a tank in which sea
water stands to a depth of 5 m. The bottom edges of the block are sealed off so that no water is
admitted under the block. Find the vertical pull required to lift the block.

62. A 15 cm by 15 cm by 7 m long timber weighing 6280 N/m3 is hinged at

one end as shown in Figure AA. If the anchor weighs 23540 N/m3,
determine the minimum total weight it must have.

63. A cylinder weighing 445 N and having a diameter of 1 m floats in salt water (sp. gr. 1.03) with its
axis vertical as in Figure BB. The anchor consists of 0.280 m3 of concrete weighing 23540N/m 3.
What rise in the tide r will be required to lift the anchor off the bottom?
64. A timber 15 cm square and 5 m long has a specific gravity of 0.50. One end is hinged to the wall
and the other is left to float in water (Figure CC). For a = 60 cm, what is the length of the timber
submerged in water?
65. A metal block 30 cm square and 25 cm deep is allowed to float on a body of liquid which consists
of 20 cm layer of water above a layer of mercury. The block weighs 18,850 N/m3. What is the
position of the upper level of the block? If a downward vertical force of 1110 N is applied to the
centroid of the block, what is the new position of the upper level of the block?

66. Two spheres, each 1.2 m in diameter, weigh 4 and 12 kN, respectively. They are connected with
a short rope and placed in water. What is the tension in the rope and what portion of the lighter
sphere protrudes from the water? What should be the weight of the heavier sphere so that the
lighter sphere will float halfway out of the water?

67. A flat-bottomed scow is built with vertical sides and sloping ends. Its length on deck is 24.40 m,
on the bottom 19.80 m, its width 6.10 m and its vertical depth 3.70 m.
What is its depth of flotation in sea water (sp. gr. 1.03) if the scow weighs 2,220 kN?
68. A ship with cargo weighs 44,480 kN and draws 7.60 m of salt water. On crossing a bar at the
entrance to a river her draft is decreased by 30 cm by the discharge of 2670 kN of water ballast.
In going up the river to fresh water, 445 kN of coal burned. What will her draft be then and how
much ballast must be required to increase it by 30 cm? Assume that the sides of the vessel near
the water surface are vertical.

69. A tank with vertical sides is 1.30 m square, 3 m deep and is filled to a depth of 2.70 m with water.
By how much, if at all, will the pressure on one side of the tank be changed if a cube of wood (sp.
gr. 0.50), measuring 60 cm on an edge, be placed in the water so as to float with one ace
horizontal?

70. A cask which weighed 270 N was placed on platform scales and then nearly filled with water. A
total load on the scales of 1425 N was read. Should the net weight of water as computed from
these data be corrected by reason of the fact that a 7.5 cm diameter vertical shaft suspended
from the ceiling above has its lower end submerged in the water to a depth of 30 cm? If so, by
what amount?
71. . If the specific gravity of a body is 0.80, what proportional part of its total volume will be
submerged below the surface of a liquid (sp. gr. 1.20) upon which it floats?

72. .A vertical cylindrical tank, open at the top, contains 45.50 m3 of water. It has a horizontal
sectional area of 7.40 m2 and its sides are 12.20 m high. Into it is lowered another similar tank,
having a sectional are of 5.60 m2 and a height of 12.20 m. The second tank is inverted so that its
open end is down and it is allowed to rest on the bottom of the first. Find the maximum hoop
tension in the outer tank. Neglect the thickness of the inner tank.

73. . A small metal pan of length 1 m, width 20 cm, and depth 4 cm floats in water. When a uniform
load of 15 N/m is applied as shown in Figure DD, the pan assumes the figure shown. Find the
weight of the pan and the magnitude of the righting moment developed.

Solution:
74. .A ship of 39,140 kN displacement floats in sea water with the axis of symmetry vertical when a
weight of 490 kN is midship. Moving the weight 3 m toward one side of the deck causes a plumb
bob, suspended at the end of a string 4 m long, to move 24 cm. Find the metacentric height.

75. .A rectangular scow 9.15 m wide by 15.25 m long and 3.65 m high has a draft of 2.44 m in sea
water. Its center of gravity is 2.75 m above the bottom of the scow.
(a) Determine the initial metacentric height. (b) If the scow tilts until one of the longitudinal side
is just at the point of submergence, determine the righting couple or the overturning couple.
76. A cylindrical caisson has an outside diameter of 6 m and floats in fresh water with its axis
vertical. Its lower end is submerged to a depth of 6 m below the water surface. Find: (a) the
initial metacentric height; (b) the righting couple when the caisson is tipped through an angle of
10°.

77. A rectangular scow 9.15 m wide by 15.25 m long has a draft of 2.44 m in fresh water. Its center
of gravity is 4.60 m above the bottom. Determine the height of the scow if, with on side just at
the point of submergence, the scow is in unstable position.

78. A rectangular scow 9.15 m wide by 15. 25 m long and 4.60 m high has a draft of 2.75 m. Its
center of gravity, transversely and longitudinally, is at the center of the scow. If the sow is tipped
transversely until one end is at the point of submergence, find the righting couple.
79. .A rectangular raft 3 m wide and 6 m long has a thickness of 60 cm and is made of solid timbers
(sp. gr. 0.60). If a man weighing 890 N steps on the edge of the raft at the middle of one side,
how much will the original water line on that side be depressed below the water surface?
Solution:

80. .The timber shown in Figure EE is 30 cm square and 6 m long, having a specific gravity of 0.50. A
man standing at a point 60 cm from one end causes that end to be just submerged. Find the
weight of the man.
81. .A submarine of 10, 700 kN displacement has its center of gravity 30 cm from its center of
volume. What is the righting couple when it is submerged in sea water and the angle of heel is
5˚.

82. .A log 30 cm in diameter weighs 4900 N/m3. What is its shortest length so that it may float in
water with the axis horizontal?

83. .A block of wood is 15 cm square and 30 cm long. What is the specific gravity of the wood if the
metacentre is at the same point as the center of gravity of the wood when the block is floating in
water on its side? Would it be stable floating on its end? Explain.
84. .Figure FF shows a scow equipped with a derrick with a boom 5.50 m long. What maximum
weight could be picked by the boom at its end along the longitudinal side in order that water will
not enter into the scow? Assume the weight of the boom to be negligible and consider its
position to be always horizontal.