Khvav

Khvav Project
Cambodia– A Very Large Epithermal System

Private & Confidential

High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
This is collection of images of vuggy silica, from various high-
sulphidation systems around the world. These have not been
adequately attributed - If you can identify the source please advise.

Contributions of images and descriptions will be gratefully

appreciated and fully attributed.
John C. Menzies
Continental Copper
High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas

High-Sulphidation, Vuggy silica Samples

South America
• Alturas – Chile
• Atlas - Chile
• Casale – Chile
• Caspiche – Chile
• El Indio – Chile
• Pierina - Peru
• Salares Norte – Northern Chile
• Veladero – Argentina
• Yanacocha - Peru
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Casale, Chile
Siliceous Faults, Casale
Casale, Chile Photo Credit: Doug Menzies

Bladed Barite
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Caspiche, Chile
Caspiche, Chile Photo Credit: Doug Menzies
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Caspiche, Chile
Photo Credit: Doug Kirwin

Vuggy silica, Caspiche

Au-Cu, Maricunga Chile
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Caspiche, Chile

Vuggy silica and

Photo Credit: Doug Kirwin

epithermal vein clasts in

hydrothermal breccia,
Caspiche HS porphyry
lithocap, Chile
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Caspiche, Chile
Photo Credit: Doug Kirwin

Enargite-pyrite veins
crosscutting vuggy
silica, Caspiche HS
porphyry, Chile
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Caspiche, Chile

Orpiment in enargite
Photo Credit: Doug Kirwin

matrix vuggy silica

breccia, Caspiche HS
porphyry, Chile
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Alturas - Chile
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Alturas - Chile
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Salares Norte
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Valadero - Argentina

Diatreme breccia with silicification of fine breccia Vuggy silica alteration of a lapilli tuff
matrix and vuggy silica alteration of porphyritic
andesite?
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
El Indio - Chile

Vuggy silica alteration after a porphyritic intrusive

 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
El Indio - Chile

Massive sulphide
with tetrahedrite -
OR.908, Massive
sulphide with
enargite, El Indio,
Chile
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Atlas - Chile
Atlas gold project Chile
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Pierina - Peru
Rainbow, A et al., The Pierina epithermal Au-Ag deposit, Chemical Geology, 2005

Unoxidized pumice-tuff altered by vuggy silica. Vugs (black) record the locations of leached
pumice fragments. Dark areas indicate fine-grained Stage I pyrite intergrown with quartz. Native
sulfur (S) occurs locally in vugs
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Yanacocha, Peru

Photo Credit: Mike Porter: http://portergeo.com.au/database/mineinfo.asp?mineid=mn006

 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Argentina & Chile
High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas

High-Sulphidation, Vuggy silica Samples

Asia - Australia
• Seruyung – Kalimantan, Indonesia
• Lepanto – Luzon, Philippines
• Zijinshan – Fujian, China
• Wafi Golpu – Papua New Guinea
• Peak Hill – Australia
• Khvav – Cambodia
• Miwah – Indonesia
• Tujuh Burkit – Indonesia
• Chinkuashih – Taiwan
• Iwato Arabira - Japan
• Tampakan – Philippines
• Martabe – Sumatra , Indonesia
• Alas - Sumatra, Indonesia
• Bacan Gold Mine, Meluku, Indonesia
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Bacan Gold Mine, Meluku, Indonesia
Vuggy silica breccia.
Rounded breccia
clasts and vuggy
silica clasts
Photo Credit: Doug Kirwin
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Bacan Gold Mine, Meluku, Indonesia
Vuggy silica breccia
Photo Credit: Doug Kirwin
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Seruyung, NE Kalimantan, Indonesia
Discovery drillhole
DDH SE01 - vuggy
silica diatreme silica
breccia. 1-10 g/t Au
Photo Credit: Doug Kirwin
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Seruyung, NE Kalimantan, Indonesia
Discovery
drillhole DDH
SE01 - vuggy
silica
diatreme
silica breccia.
1-10 g/t Au
Photo Credit: Doug Kirwin
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Seruyung, NE Kalimantan, Indonesia

Vuggy silica-
pyrophyllite Au ore,
Photo Credit: Doug Kirwin

5g/t Au, Ada Rey

open pit Seruyung
gold mine, NE
Kalimantan,
Indonesia
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Seruyung, NE Kalimantan, Indonesia
Photo Credit: Doug Kirwin

Gusano textures,
Ada Rey open pit,
Seruyung Au mine,
NE Kalimantan,
Indonesia
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Seruyung, NE Kalimantan, Indonesia
Photo Credit: Doug Kirwin

Gusano textures,
Ada Rey open pit,
Seruyung Au mine,
NE Kalimantan,
Indonesia
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Seruyung, NE Kalimantan, Indonesia
Photo Credit: Doug Kirwin

High grade (>10g/t

Au) oxidized vuggy
silica ore, Seruyung
Au mine, NE
Kalimantan,
Indonesia
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Lepanto, Luzon, Philippines
Photo Credit: Doug Kirwin

Massive vuggy silica

diatreme breccia,
Mankayan lithocap,
Lepanto, Philippines
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Lepanto, Luzon, Philippines
Photo Credit: Doug Kirwin

Vuggy silica-
enargite diatreme
breccia outcrop,
Mankayan lithocap,
Lepanto, Philippines
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Lepanto, Luzon, Philippines
Photo Credit: Doug Kirwin

Vuggy silica-
enargite diatreme
breccia outcrop,
Mankayan lithocap,
Lepanto, Philippines
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Lepanto, Luzon, Philippines
Photo Credit: Doug Kirwin

Vuggy silica,
Mankayan lithocap,
Lepanto, Luzon,
Philippines
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Lepanto, Luzon, Philippines
Photo Credit: Doug Kirwin

Vuggy silica-pyrite-
enargite, Mankayan
lithocap, Lepanto,
Philippines
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Lepanto, Luzon, Philippines
Photo Credit: Doug Kirwin

Vuggy silica-pyrite-
enargite, Mankayan
lithocap, Lepanto,
Philippines
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Lepanto, Luzon, Philippines

Vuggy silica-pyrophyllite enargite-

luzonite Au ore, Mankayan
lithocap, Lepanto, Philippines
Photo Credit: Doug Kirwin
 Zijinshan Au mine, Fujian, China
Pink Laminated Alunite vein
White Dickite Veins

Massive Covellite vein

Vuggy silica diatreme Breccia
Photo Credit: Doug Kirwin

Underground
exposures at the base
of the Zijinshan
lithocap, Fujian, China
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Zijinshan Au mine, Fujian, China
Photo Credit: Doug Kirwin

Vuggy silica lithocap, Zijinshan Au

mine, Fujian, China
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Wafi Golpu PNG The Wafi gold deposits and the related Golpu porphyry copper-gold deposit around 1
km to the north-east, are both parts of a complex hydrothermal system comprising
porphyry, as well as high and low sulphidation Cu-Au mineralisation, often with
overprinting alteration relationships. These deposits fall within the Morobe Goldfield in
Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea, approximately 60 km south-west of the port of
Lae and 70 km NNW of the Hidden Valley project. (#Location: 6° 53'S, 146° 27'E).
The mineralised system is reflected at surface by a zone of disseminated pyrite
surrounding areas of higher gold content within an advanced argillic, quartz-alunite
lithocap. Mineralisation and alteration are associated with a Miocene to Pliocene
intrusive complex whose influence is spread over an area of 9 sq. km, centred on the
Miocene Golpu diorite to dacite porphyry plug and a late stage overprinting diatreme
Vuggy Silica with Covellite, Wafi Golpu PNG Photo Credit: Doug Menzies

breccia.

The 800 x 400 m maar-diatreme breccia pipe has steep-dipping margins and comprises
a polymictic milled matrix breccia. Several phases of xenolith bearing Wafi dacite
porphyry intrusions cut the milled matrix breccia about the pipe margins, as possible
endogenous domes. The late-mineral Heking Andesite cuts the dacite porphyry.
Potassic alteration within the concealed Golpu diorite porphyry has been dated at 14 Ma
and is cut by the diatreme breccia, which is inferred to be associated with the later
intrusion event leading to the epithermal gold mineralisation, dated of 13 Ma from alunite
within the high sulphidation alteration

Reserves and resources at the end of August were (Newcrest Mining ASX Release, 29
August, 2012):
• Indicated Resource - 810 Mt @ 0.92% Cu, 0.64 g/t Au, 1.1 g/t Ag;
• Inferred Resource - 190 Mt @ 0.80% Cu, 0.61 g/t Au, 1.0 g/t Ag;
• TOTAL Resource - 1000 Mt @ 0.90% Cu, 0.63 g/t Au, 1.1 g/t Ag;
• Probable Reserve - 450 Mt @ 1.2% Cu, 0.86 g/t Au, 1.4 g/t Ag.

Credit: Port Geoscience

 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Wafi Golpu PNG
Vuggy Silica, Wafi Golpu PNG Photo Credit: Doug Menzies
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Peak Hill Gold Mine, NSW
Residual silica – Peak Hill Gold Mine, NSW Photo Credit: Doug Menzies
Khvav
Khvav Project
Cambodia– A Very Large Epithermal System

High Sulphidation Vuggy SilicaPrivate

- Textural Atlas
& Confidential
Khvav
Khvav Project
Cambodia– A Very Large Epithermal System

Impressive massive and brecciated silica

grading down into multi-phase vuggy silica
at the Cliffs and Hill prospect ~10km apart
within a 150 km2 advanced argillic alteration
zone Hills prospects

High Sulphidation Vuggy SilicaPrivate

- Textural Atlas
& Confidential
The Cliffs
Khvav Prospect – A Massive vuggy silica edifice >2 km long
Cambodia

Vuggy silica with secondary silica alteration

Private & Confidential

Khvav Cambodia

Vuggy silica breccia with infill of black tourmaline

Vuggy silica clasts in a diatreme breccia

High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas

Khvav Cambodia

Vuggy silica breccia at the Cliffs prospect

High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas

 Vuggy silica breccia at the Cliffs prospect
Khvav Cambodia

High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas

 Vuggy silica breccia at the Cliffs prospect
Khvav Cambodia

High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas

 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Tujuh Bukit - Indonesia
https://www.flickr.com/photos/160585941@N05/albums/72157705116359054

DDH GTD-08-049 144m at 2.77

g/t Au, 40.92 g/t Ag Vuggy silica
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Tujuh Bukit - Indonesia
Vuggy silica altered
diatreme breccia, 1-2
g/t Au, Pit B
Courtesy – Doug Kirwin
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Tujuh Bukit - Indonesia
Courtesy – Doug Kirwin

Silicified apron facies tuff with some layers preferentially altered with vuggy silica, Pit B East
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Tujuh Bukit - Indonesia
Courtesy – Doug Kirwin

High grade 2-5 g/t Au vuggy silica from Pit A

 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Tujuh Bukit - Indonesia
Courtesy – Doug Kirwin

High grade 2-5 g/t Au vuggy silica from Pit A

 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Tujuh Bukit - Indonesia
Courtesy – Doug Kirwin

Vuggy Silica with bornite and alunite, Zone A high grade pit
Miwah - Indonesia
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Miwah - Indonesia

Vuggy silica, Main zone,

DDH EMD-003, 11-62m @
4.31g/t Au
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Miwah - Indonesia

Vuggy silica breccia with sulphides DDH EMD-004, 1.21g/t Au

Mulja, T., Heriawan, M., Supomo, Boby., The Miwah high sulphidation Au-Ag Deposit, Ore Geology Reviews, 123, 202 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Miwah - Indonesia

Early vuggy silica with heterolithic

relicts of single crystals

Low density and partially oxidized

vuggy silica with grooves partially
filled with goethite.
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Tampakan - Philippines

Vuggy silica
with enargite-
digenite in vugs,
Photo Credit: Doug Kirwin

Tampakan Cu-
Au Porphyry,
Cotabato,
Mindanao
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Tampakan - Philippines

Vuggy clay-silica altered andesite, Tampakan Cu-Au PCD lithocap

Courtesy – Doug Kirwin
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Tampakan - Philippines

“Gusano” texture and vuggy-silica textures infilled with digenite and enargite, Tampakan Cu-Au PCD
lithocap
Courtesy – Doug Kirwin
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Martabe Gold Mines- Sumatra, Indonesia
Photo Credit: Doug Kirwin

Vuggy silica, Martabe gold mine, Sumatra

 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Martabe Gold Mines- Sumatra, Indonesia
Photo Credit: Doug Kirwin

Vuggy silica, Martabe gold mine, Sumatra

 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Martabe Gold Mines- Sumatra, Indonesia
Photo Credit: Doug Kirwin

Vuggy silica, Martabe

gold mine, Sumatra
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Alas Prospect – Southern Sumatra, Indonesia
Courtesy – Ned Howard

Vuggy silica, Alas

gold prospect ,
Sumatra
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Chinkuashih, Taiwan

Silica-pyrite - OR.693, Silica-pyrite & Vuggy

silica, Chinkuashih, Taiwan
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Iwato Arabira - Japan
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Alunite & jarosite in vuggy silicified volcanics - OR.2706, Alunite & jarosite in vuggy
Iwato Arabira - Japan silicified volcanics, Tambo Wendy, Chile
High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas

High-Sulphidation, Vuggy silica Samples

Central America - Mexico

• Tenoriba – Mexico
• Cerro Quema – Panama
• La Yaqui, Mulatos District Mexico
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
La Yaqui, Mulatos District, Mexico
Photo Credit: Doug Kirwin

Vuggy silica-kaolinite-
dickite-alunite altered
dacitic volcanics and
breccias
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
La Yaqui, Mulatos District, Mexico
NEW
Photo Credit: Doug Kirwin

Vuggy silica-kaolinite-
dickite-alunite altered
dacitic volcanics and
breccias
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Tenoriba, Mexico

Vuggy silica ~10g.t Au, 10g/t Ag

Tenoriba, Mexico. https://mammothresources.ca/projects/tenoriba/

 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Cerro Quema, Azuero Peninsula, Panama

Vuggy silica with pyrite and chalcopyrite mineralization

Perello, J., Garcia, A. and Creaser, R., Porphyry-related high-sulfidation mineralization early in Central American Arc development: Cerro Quema
deposit, Azuero Peninsula, Panama
High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas

High-Sulphidation, Vuggy silica Samples

North America
• Summitville – Colorado USA
• Goldfields – Nevada USA
• North Island Copper – BC Canada
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Summitville - USA
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Goldfield Nevada
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
North Island Copper Project, British Columbia

Vuggy silica
High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas

High-Sulphidation, Vuggy silica Samples

Europe
• Rosia Montana - Romania
• Recsk – Hungary
• Ceovishte - Serbia
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Rosia Montana, Romania
Photo Credit: Doug Kirwin

Vuggy silica
diatreme breccia,
Rosia Montana,
Romania
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Recsk - Hungary

Sulfide bearing vuggy silica

(Lahóca Hill, R-377 drillhole,
103.9 m)

The dacitic crystal tuff and diatreme breccia complex at Lahóca Hill hosts high-sulfidation epithermal Cu-Au-Ag ore mineralization within vuggy quartz bodies, various
types of hydrothermal and volcanic breccias, and ore-bearing quartz stockwork. The host volcanic units are characterized by advanced argillic alteration, with
kandite clay minerals that enclose irregular-lentoid and dissected vuggy quartz breccia bodies.

Takacs, A. et. Al Ore Mineralogy and Fluid Inclusion Constraints on the Temporal and Spatial Evolution of a High Sulfidation Epithermal Cu-Au-Ag
Deposit in the Recsk Ore Complex, Hungary, Economic Geology, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.2017.4517
 High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
Ceovishte Serbia