7.intensive SAT CountingProbability Problems

Intensive SAT MATH Counting & Probability Problems
Counting Principle
Counting principle is a method to count how many outcomes of the event will occur.
Rules of counting principle

1. Identify what the jobs you have to do and how many processes to finish the jobs.
2. Count the possible ways you can do the job in each process.
3. Multiply all outcomes of each process up
4. If there are many possible cases to finish the jobs, calculate the outcomes of each case and add them up.
1. A restaurant menu lists 8 dinners and 3 desserts. How many different dinner-dessert combinations are possible
from this menu?
(A) 24
(B) 12
(C) 11
(D) 8
(E) 3
2. Suppose Shirley has different 4 skirts and 5 shirts and 2 pairs of shoes. How many different outfits (consisting of
exactly one skirt, one shirt and a pair of shoes) can she wear?
(A) 3
(B) 11
(C) 20
(D) 40
(E) 60
3. How many positive three-digit integers have the hundreds more than 3 and the units digit equal to 4?
(A) 60
(B) 70
(C) 80
(D) 240
(E) 280
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4. As shown below, a certain design is to be painted using 2 different colors. If 5 different colors are available for
design, how many differently painted designs are possible?
(A) 10
(B) 20
(C) 25
(D) 60
(E) 120
5. Five blocks are painted red, blue, green, yellow, and white. In how many different ways can the blocks be arranged
in a row if the red block is always first?
(A) 120
(B) 96
(C) 48
(D) 24
(E) 12
6. An ice cream parlor makes a sundae using one of six different flavors of ice cream, one of three different flavors of
syrup, and one of four different toppings. What is the total number of different sundaes that this ice cream parlor can
make?
(A) 72
(B) 36
(C) 48
(D) 26
(E) 13
7. How many four-digit number greater than 1000 can be formed from the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 if the same digit
cannot be used more than once?
(A) 1296
(B) 625
(C) 360
(D) 300
(E) 120
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8. From the letters of the word “ ” how many three-letter arrangements can be formed if the first letter must
be , one of the other letters must be , and no letter can be used more than once in any arrangement?
(A) 6
(B) 10
(C) 12
(D) 36
(E) 42
9. When Kim bought her new car, she found that there were 72 different way in which her car could be equipped. Her
selections included four choices of engine and three choices of transmission. If her only other selection was color, how
many choices of color did she have?
10. The tables below show the different colors and sizes of T-shirts that are available an Independence High School.
How many different combinations of color and size are possible?
(A) 7
(B) 12
(C) 15
(D) 25
(E) 64
11. Meredith has a red hat, a blue hat, and a white hat, she also has three sweaters- one red, one blue, and one white-
and three pairs of jeans-one-red, white, and blue outfit consisting of one hat, one sweater, and one pair of jeans. How
many different possibilities does she have?
(A) 3
(B) 6
(C) 9
(D) 12
(E) 27
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12. For a class ring, each senior can choose from 4 types of stones and 3 types of metals. How many combinations of
a stone and a metal are there?
(A) 7
(B) 8
(C) 10
(D) 12
(E) 16
13. Mark has ties, only one of which is red. Mark has shirts, only one of which is green. Any tie can be worn with any
shirt, except that the red tie and the green shirt cannot be worn together. In term of and , how many different tie and
shirt combinations can Mark wear?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
14. A club has 15 members, of which 7 are men and 8 are women. A committee consisting of 1 man and 1 woman is to
be formed. How many different such committees are possible?
(A) 7
(B) 8
(C) 15
(D) 56
(E) 60
15. A game contains tokens, each of which has a value of 2, 3, or 5 points. How many different collections of tokens
have a sum of 12 points, if tokens of the same value can be used more than once? (Do not consider order. For
example, 5, 5, 2 is the same collection as 5, 2, 5)
(A) Eight
(B) Seven
(C) Six
(D) Five
(E) Four
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Factorials
Factorial is a shorthand for multiplication a list of consecutive, descending positive whole number
is called ………………………………………..
Ex 5! = ………………………………………. 7! = ………………………………………………….
Remember!!! 1! = ................................... 0! = ………………………………………………….
Express each of the following in product form of whole number and work out the answer.
1) 3! 2) 4!
3) 5! 4) 6!
5) 6)
7) 8)
9) 10)
11) 12)
13) 14)
15) 16)
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Arrangement all different items in a row

The number of the outcomes of arrangement all different items in a row can be calculated by
 If a total number of items is items The number of the arrangement outcomes =
1. How many ways can four students line up to have their picture taken?
2. How many distinct arrangements of the letters in the word “Fraction” are there?
3.
If the 5 cards shown above are placed in a row so that is never at either end, how many different arrangements are
possible?
4.
At an amusement park, 5 children will be assigned to ride in the 5 cars behind the engine of the train shown above,
one child per car. How many different assignments of the children to the cars are possible?
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5. If there are exactly 6 possible arrangements of different letters in a row from left to right, what is the value of ?
(A) 12
(B) 6
(C) 4
(D) 3
(E) 2
6. How many ways can four different algebra books and three different geometry books be arranged on a shelf if all the
books of one subject must remain together?
7. Six chairs are placed in a row to seat six people. How many different seating arrangements are possible if two of the
people insist on sitting next to each other?
8. How many different positive three – digit integers can be formed if the three digits 4, 5, and 6 must be used in each of
the integers?
(A) Three
(B) Four
(C) Six
(D) Eight
(E) Nine
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Arrangement in a row with Repetition

If some items out of items are the same, there are some repeated arrangement that have to be counted out.
 If a total number of items is
the number of repeated items1 is 𝑛
The number of the arrangement outcomes
the number of repeated items2 is 𝑟1 𝑟 𝑟3
the number of repeated items3 is
1. How many distinct arrangements of the letters in the word “Probability” are there?
2. In the figure below, a path from point to point is determined by moving upward or to the right along the grid lines.
2.1 How many different paths can be drawn from to ?
2.2 How many different paths can be drawn from to that do not include ?
3. The grid below, represents equally spaced streets in a town that has no one-way streets. marks the corner where a
fire house is located. Point and represent the locations of some other buildings. What is the total number of
different routes that a fire truck can travel from to ?
(A) Six
(B) Five
(C) Four
(D) Three
(E) Two
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Combination
Combination is the ways to select or group some items from all different items without considering an order.
 If a total number of items is and the number of selected items is .
 The number of combination outcomes can be calculated by
𝑛 𝑛 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑠
𝑟𝐶 or 𝑛
𝑟 𝑛 𝑟 𝑟𝐶 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑠 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑠
1. Taylor Swift knows how to play six chords on a guitar: A, C, D, E, F and G. She makes up exactly one song for every
three chords she knows how to play. For example, the chords A, E and F are only used in one song together. How many
songs did Taylor make up?
(A) 5
(B) 10
(C) 15
(D) 20
(E) 25
2. The Acme Plumbing Company will send a team of 3 plumbers to work on a certain job. The company has 4 experienced
plumbers and 4 trainees. If a team consists of 1 experienced plumber and 2 trainees, how many different such teams are
possible?
3. Five people want to rent the last two copies of a movie. How many ways can these five people rent the two movies?
(A) 10
(B) 9
(C) 8
(D) 7
(E) 6
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4. In the figure below, exactly one line segment is to be drawn connecting each pair of points. How many line segments
will be drawn?
(A) Three
(B) Four
(C) Six
(D) Eight
(E) Twelve
5. A certain cafeteria offers a selection of 4 meats and 5 vegetables. How many different meals, each consisting of 1 meat
and 2 different vegetables, can be selected?
(A) 4
(B) 12
(C) 16
(D) 20
(E) 40
6. From a group of 5 men and 3 women, five people are to be selected to form a committee so that at least 3 men are
there on the committee. In how many ways can it be done?
7. Six people are running in an election to fill two vacancies on a local school board. In the election booth, a voter may
cast a ballot for any two of the six candidates, or cast a ballot for exactly one of the six candidates, or cast a ballot for
none of the six candidates. What is the total number of different choices a voter has when casting a ballot?
(A) 9
(B) 20
(C) 22
(D) 36
(E) 37
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8. During a season in a certain basketball league, every team plays every other team in the league 2 times. If there are
10 teams in the league, how many games are played in the league in one season?
(A) 45
(B) 90
(C) 100
(D) 180
(E) 200
9. Five friends won a total of 3 tickets to a concert. How many different combinations of 3 of the friends using the tickets
are possible?
10. Five light bulbs that are either on or off are lined up in a row. A certain code uses different combinations of lights
turned on to represent different words. If exactly 2 lights must be turned on to represent a word, how many different
words can be formed using the 5 light bulbs?
11. There are 7 red marbles, 5 green marbles, and 6 blue marbles in a jar. What is the minimum number of marbles to
choose, without replacement, to guarantee that there is one of each color marble?
(A) 12
(B) 13
(C) 14
(D) 16
(E) 18
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12. Any 2 points determine a line. If there are 6 points in a plane, no 3 of which lie on the same line, how many lines are
determined by pairs of these 6 points?
(A) 15
(B) 18
(C) 20
(D) 30
(E) 36
13. The three distinct point and lie on a line ; the four distinct points and lie on a different line that is
parallel to line . What is the total number of different lines can be drawn so that each line contains exactly two of the
seven points which lie on the different line?
(A) 21
(B) 14
(C) 12
(D) 7
(E) 4
14. The three-dimensional figure below has two parallel bases and 18 edges. Line segments are to be drawn connecting
vertex with each of the other 11 vertices in the figure. How many of these segments will not lie on an edge of the figure?
15. How many diagonal lines will be drawn in a regular octagon, a polygon that has eight equal sides and angles?
(A) 56
(B) 48
(C) 28
(D) 20
(E) 8
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Probability
Probability is likelihood that an event you are interested in will occur.
 The probability of an event can be calculated by
or
 If the event is impossible to occur ……..…..… If the event is always occur ……….……
Properties of Probability
1.
2. Where is the probability of an event will not occur.
1. There are 60 red marbles, 40 green marbles, and 50 blue marbles in a jar. A marble is picked at random. What is the
probability that the marble is red?
(A) 0.4
(B) 0.5
(C) 0.6
(D) 0.65
(E) 0.8
2. There are 11 marbles in a bag: 2 green, 4 red, and 5 blues. What is the probability that a marble chosen at random from
the bag will be blue?
3. Three coins are tossed at the same time. What is the probability that exactly two heads are face up?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
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4. A list of numbers consists of p positive and n negative numbers. If a number is picked at random from this list, the
probability that the number is positive is . What is the value of ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
5. If the probability that an event will occur is and , what is the probability that this event will NOT occur?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
6. In a basket of 13 apples, there are 3 McIntoch apples, 4 Gala apples, and 6 Red Delicious apples. If Juanita selects
an apple at random, what is the probability that she will not select a Gala apples?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
7. The contents of candy jar consist of sour ball: 30 yellow, 25 red, 20 green, and 35 orange. Angela will select one of the
sour balls at random. What is the probability that the selected sour ball will be rather red or green?
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8. A box contains wood beads, red glass beads, and blue glass beads. The number of glass beads is 4 times the number
of wood beads. If one bead is to be chosen at random from the box, the probability that a red glass bead will be chosen is
3 times the probability that the blue glass bead will be chosen. If there are 12 red glass beads in the box, what is the total
number of beads in the box?
(A) 20
(B) 45
(C) 48
(D) 60
(E) 90
9. The figure below show the top view of an open square box that is divided into 6 compartments with wall of equal height.
Each of the rectangles and has twice the area of each the equal squares and . When a marble is dropped
into the box at random, it falls into one of the compartments. What is the probability that it will fall into compartment ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
10. A bag contains only red marbles, blue marbles and yellow marbles. The probability of randomly selecting a red marble
from this bag is , and the probability of randomly selecting a blue marble is . Which of following could be the total
number of marbles in the bag?
(A) 10
(B) 12
(C) 18
(D) 20
(E) 30
99
11. The six faces of a cube are numbered 1 through 6. If the cube will be rolled twice in succession, what is the probability
that the number that face up on the first roll will be greater than the number that face up on the second roll?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
12.
A symbol will be chosen at random from the 6 different symbols shown above. What is the probability that the symbol
chosen will be the shaded triangle?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
13. A target shown in the accompanying diagram consists of three circles with the same center. The radii of the circles
are 3, 7, and 9. A dart is thrown and lands on the target. What is the probability that the dart will land on the shaded
region?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
100
14. A jar contains 54 marbles each of which is blue, green, or white. The probability of selecting a blue marble at random
from jar is , and the probability of selecting a green marble at random is . How many white marbles does the jar
contain?
(A) 6
(B) 8
(C) 9
(D) 12
(E) 18
15. 60 blue marbles and 40 red marbles are in a jar. How many red marbles must be removed from the jar so that the
probability of choosing a blue marble from the jar is
(A) 5
(B) 10
(C) 15
(D) 20
(E) 25
16. In the accompanying diagram, points A, B, C and D are the centers of four circles that each have a radius length of 1.
The circles are tangent at the points shown. If a point is selected at random from the interior of square ABCD, what is the
probability that the point will be chosen from the shaded region?
(A) 1 –
(B) 1 –
(C) 1 –
(D) 1 –
(E) 1 –
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17. Over a 3-year period, a car company manufactured 50% more cars in the second year than in the first year, and twice
as many cars in the third year as in the first year. What is the probability that a car produced in this 3-year period was built
in the second year?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
18. A company has 204 employees, and one employee is to be selected at random. The probability of selecting a
programmer is , and the probability of selecting an editor is . If no employee is both a programmer and editor, how
many employees in the company are neither programmers nor editors?
(A) 156
(B) 162
(C) 168
(D) 172
(E) 186
19. A drawer contains paper clips, of which 8 are red, 9 are blue, and the rest are yellow. A paper clip is to be selected at
random from the drawer. If the probability of selecting a blue paper clip is , how many yellow paper clips does the drawer
contain?
(A) 7
(B) 10
(C) 18
(D) 27
(E) 34
102
20. A small-bird habitat at a zoo contains only finches and parakeets. The ratio of the number of parakeets to the number
of finches is 5 to 2. One of the birds in the habitat is to be selected at random. What is the probability that the bird selected
will be a finch?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
21. { } { }. If is a number from set , and is a number from set . The probability that
is positive is closest to
(A) 0.5
(B) 0.6
(C) 0.7
(D) 0.8
(E) 0.9
22. In a sequence of 3,000 numbers, the first number is 5, the second is 7, and each number after the second is equal to
the sum of the previous two numbers. If a number is to be selected at random from the sequence, what is the probability
that the number selected will be odd?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
103
23. A physical therapist has 20 patients. The therapist sees 5 of them once a week, 9 of them twice a week, and the other
patients three times a week. If one of the physical therapist’s patients is selected at random, what is the probability that
this patient is seen for therapy fewer than three times a week?
(A) 0.25
(B) 0.30
(C) 0.45
(D) 0.70
(E) 0.75
24. A six-sided cube whose faces are numbered from 1 to 6 is rolled twice. Which of the following statements must be
true?
There are 36 possible outcomes.
The probability that the two numbers rolled do not match is .
The probability that the sum of the two numbers rolled is 5 is
(A) only
(B) only
(C) and only
(D) and only
(E) and only
25. A canister contains only red, blue, and green gum balls. There are 24 red gum balls and the number of blue gum balls
is twice the number of green gum balls. If the probability of randomly selecting a green gum ball is , how many green
gum balls are in the canister?
(A) 8
(B) 10
(C) 12
(D) 16
(E) 63
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7.intensive SAT CountingProbability Problems

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Intensive SAT MATH Counting & Probability Problems

Rules of counting principle

Arrangement all different items in a row

 If a total number of items is items The number of the arrangement outcomes =

Arrangement in a row with Repetition

the number of repeated items3 is

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