The Effect of Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, And Social Influence toward Intention to ...

THE EFFECT OF PERCEIVED USEFULNESS,

PERCEIVED EASE OF USE, AND SOCIAL
INFLUENCE TOWARD INTENTION TO USE
MEDIATED BY TRUST
JAM
20, 1 Ilham Agung Kurniawan
Received, December ‘20 Master of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business,
Revised, September ‘21
Accepted, September ‘21
Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia
Mugiono
Risna Wijayanti
Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia

Journal of Applied
Management (JAM)
Volume 20 Number 1,
March 2022
Indexed in DOAJ -
Directory of Open Access
Journals, ACI - ASEAN
Citation Index, SINTA -
Science and Technology
Index, and Google
Scholar.
Abstract: This research analyses the effect between perceived usefulness, perceived ease
of use, social influence, trust, and intention to use on a digital zakat application at Malang
City. The object of this research utilizes people who are 23 years of age and over. Besides,
they are required to have income, know about a digital zakat application, and are required to
pay zakat using the application. This research used a nonprobability sampling method with
a purposive sampling technique of 104 respondents. It also utilized smartPLS 3.0 as data
analysis. The research instruments involve the inner model test, outer model, conversion
path diagram, and hypothesis testing. The result of the analysis reveals perceived useful-
ness, perceived ease of use, social influence, and trust explicitly affect intention to use the
digital zakat application. Trust can mediate the influence of perceived usefulness, per-
ceived ease of use, and social influence toward intention to use. Social Influence and Trust
have a dominant influence on intention to use. In this case, service facility providers can
promote digital zakat applications through any media to reach potential consumers. It can
help them give some recommendations about the use of zakat applications. Moreover, it will
help create trust in consumers about using digital zakat applications.
Keywords: Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Social Influence, Trust, Intention
to Use, Digital Zakat Application
Cite this article as: Kurniawan, I. A., Mugiono, and R. Wijayanti. 2022. The Effect of
Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, And Social Influence toward Intention to Use
Mediated by Trust. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, Volume 20, Number 1, Pages 117–127.
Malang: Universitas Brawijaya. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2022.020.01.12.

Corresponding Author:
Ilham Agung Kurniawan, Mas-
ter of Management, Faculty of
Economics and Business,Uni-
versitas Brawijaya, Indonesia,
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.
21776/ub.jam.2022.020.01.12
Digital technology was de-
veloping very rapidly and
helped a lot in people’s daily
life. It can make people get
information more accessible
through digital devices such
as smartphones, computers,
etc. Along with the increasing use of smartphones
and the acceptance of electronic learning (e-learn-
ing), people’s lifestyles are starting to change. Mo-
bile devices such as smartphones become an inher-
ent part of people’s activities and change the socio-
cultural structure in all aspects (Pimmer, 2016).

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117
 Ilham Agung Kurniawan, Mugiono, Risna Wijayanti
Digital technology can develop businesses and
expand networks, even in profit or nonprofit busi-
nesses. In general, people know the technology only
for commercial services and transactions related to
an occupational matter. Meanwhile, it recently
started to penetrate the spiritual aspect. Therefore,
technology is used in the business field and can be
used in social and religious matters.
The use of digital information technology in the
social sector started to be done frequently. It is indi-
cated by the existence of a digital platform that pro-
vides zakat, Infaq, and alms payment services. The
application’s existence, it can make the public will
be facilitated in making payments and calculating
zakat.
Indonesia’s Muslim population reached 87.21%
in 2017. And as a country with the largest Muslim
population, Indonesia has great potential for national
zakat, around IDR 217 trillion. However, zakat man-
aged by BAZNAS is only IDR 8 trillion or around
1%. Apart from BAZNAS, other zakat institutions
also help to manage the potential of zakat funds from
society to make the available potential can be man-
aged more optimally (Zaenal, 2020).
Technology is increasingly demanding the zakat
fund collection and distribution institution adapt to
the times. Zakat is collected through the institution
of Amil Zakat and can be conducted digitally to save
time and cost. The existence of several applications
regarding zakat payment, such as Dana, Aksi Cepat
Tanggap (ACT), Dompet Dhuafa, Kitabisa, Amalin,
Table 1. Previous Studies
No Connection Research Results
1. Perceived usefulness to positive effect
intention to use positive effect
No effect
2. Perceived ease of use to positive effect
intention to use positive effect
No effect
3. Social influence on intention positive effect
to use positive effect
No effect
Source: References:2020
118 JOURNAL OF APPLIED MANAGEMENT
NU Care Lazismu, BAZNAZ corner, Tokopedia
zakat, and are still being added by the Amil Zakat
institution and Islamic boarding schools. That pro-
vided zakat services regularly digital and the menu
of payment features issued by several marketplaces,
such as Go-Jek, Shopee, Bukalapak, and several
other applications that also include a digital zakat
payment feature, increasingly dominating several
zakat payment service applications.
However, in the implementation, there is a prob-
lem related to the lack of interest in adopting the
services offered by digital zakat service providers.
Therefore, it creates a different response from so-
ciety. Digital zakat application offers easy and fast
transactions for consumers. In contrast, it also makes
some people unsure about using the application for
zakat. Venkatesh (1999) said that individual expec-
tations regarding a product or system are not al-
ways limited to performance aspects, even though
the expected performance of a system has been
found. Therefore, it is not always the strongest pre-
dictor to influence technology acceptance in the user
population. It has shown that the user expectations
regarding a system can focus on many aspects, es-
pecially in the payment of social assistance such as
zakat. Previous studies that examined the variables
regarding the effect of interest in use are shown in
the following Table 1.
The results of previous studies displayed dif-
ferent variables. Therefore, it can be a gap for the
Researchers Information
Singh and Sinha (2019)
Akbari et al. (2020)
Septiani et al. (2017)
Akbari et al. (2020) Inconsistency of
Septiani et al. (2017) Results
Lu (2014)
Baabdullah (2018)
Hsu et al. (2017)
Afshan and Sharif (2016)
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 The Effect of Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, And Social Influence toward Intention to ...
researcher to deepen the research on technology
acceptance. The current research utilizes a digital
zakat application as the object. It intends to analyze
the determinants of interest in using digital transac-
tion applications in the social sector. Trust variable
is included as a variable mediation test to analyze
the inconsistency of research results from each
variable. Akbari et al. (2020) stated that trust medi-
ated the relationship between perceived usefulness
and perceived ease of use on the intention to use.
Besides, Khawaja (2017) also displayed that trust
mediated the relationship between social influence
and intention to use.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)
Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is a
theory of the use of information technology systems
that are considered influential and often explain the
individual acceptance of the use of technology sys-
tems. In the acceptance of the use of technology,
TAM is defined into two variables; perceived ease
of use and perceived usefulness. Davis (1986) stated
that the main aim of TAM is to build a basis for
exploring the influence of external factors on the
attitude and purpose of a person. Further, Davis
(1989) said that the external variable should be in-
Perceived
Usefulness (X1)
1
Perceived Ease 2 4
of Use (X2)
3
Social Influence
(X3)
Figure 1. Conceptual Model of Research
ACCREDITED by Ministry of Research and Technology Republic of Indonesia, No 200/M/KPT/2020
cluded in an investigation to explain the usability of
technology and convenience for users.
The additional variable is needed to provide a
strong model. Even it has a high adoption rate (Legris
et al., 2003). However, Venkatesh and Davis (2000)
vanished a provision toward the appropriate tech-
nology because of weak predictions regarding us-
ing the system. Subsequently, the new model is in-
troduced as the external variable based on social
influence. In the next section, we review the com-
prehensive literature on perceived usefulness, per-
ceived ease of use, social influence and trust on
intention to use, and previous research to develop
and support the research hypothesis. Furthermore,
the following is the display of the conceptual frame-
work (Figure 1).
Intention to Use
Intention to use is users interested in using the
system assuming that they have access to informa-
tion (Venkatesh et al., 2003). Users will use new
information technology because they believe tech-
nology can improve their performance, easy to use,
and get the attention of the surrounding environ-
ment. Suki et al. (2011) stated that plans and inter-
est are a factor in using digital payment applica-
tions.
5
Intention
Trust (Z)
to Use (Y)
7
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 Ilham Agung Kurniawan, Mugiono, Risna Wijayanti
HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPMENT
Perceived Usefulness
Davis (1989) defined Perceived usefulness as
describing people’s beliefs about how an appropri-
ate system can improve performance. Further,
Adams et al. (1992) also defined Perceived useful-
ness as the level of a person who believes that us-
ing a particular subject will improve work perfor-
mance. The perceived usefulness of the technol-
ogy acceptance model (TAM) is similar to the per-
formance expectancy of the unified theory of ac-
ceptance and use of technology (UTAUT).
Individual constructs perceived usefulness
based on the instrumental cognition process. It con-
structs an observation about the advantage needed
in doing a job. TAM2 theory explained mental indi-
viduals based on the match between work goals and
the consequences of job assignments. Besides, it
used a system as a basis for forming perceptions
about the system’s usefulness (Venkatesh and Davis,
2000). Research that the previous researcher has
done found proof that perceived usefulness influ-
ences trust and intention to use. Akbari et al. (2020)
showed that perceived usefulness positively affected
trust and intention to use. Hypothesis obtained from
the empirical studies results in this research are as
follows:
H1. Perceived usefulness significantly affected trust.
H5. Perceived usefulness significantly affected in-
tention to use.
Perceived Ease of Use
Perceived Ease of Use is defined as people’s
belief that using an appropriate system can make it
easier to be understood (Davis, 1989). It refers to a
system that is easy to use (Venkatesh and Davis,
2000). Perceived ease of use in the technology ac-
ceptance model (TAM) is similar to effort expect-
ancy in the unified theory of acceptance and use of
technology (UTAUT).
Venkatesh (2000) stated that a person builds a
perception of perceived ease of use system based
on guidelines. It is related to individual general be-
liefs about technology and the user. Venkatesh
(2000) said computer self efûcacy, computer anxi-
120 JOURNAL OF APPLIED MANAGEMENT
ety, computer playfulness, and perceptions of ex-
ternal control (facilitating conditions) are appropri-
ate with perceived ease of use because those are
stronger and experience to the system. Akbari et
al. (2020) showed that perceived ease of use posi-
tively affected trust and intention to use. So, the
next hypothesis is obtained from the empirical stud-
ies. Results in this research are as follows:
H2. Perceived ease of use significantly affected trust.
H6. Perceived ease of use significantly affected
intention to use.
Social Influence
Social influence affects people’s behavior if the
emotion is affected by the suggestion of other
people. Social influence is an individual belief in
people’s suggestion to use the new system or not
(Venkatesh et al., 2003). Social influence as a de-
terminant of intention that is represented of a sub-
jective norm in Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA),
Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Theory of
Planned Behavior (TPB) / DTPB, Combined TAM
and TPB (C-TAM-TPB), social influence di Model
of PC Utilization (MPCU), and Innovation Diffu-
sion Theory (IDT). Rashotte (2007) stated that an
individual changes his feelings and behavior when
faced with social pressure. The previous research
found that social influence affects trust and inten-
tion to use. Kaabachi et al. (2019) showed that so-
cial influence had a good effect for influencing trust
French Consumers in use. Hsu et al. (2017) revealed
that social influence positively affects the intention
to use. The next hypothesis is obtained from the
empirical studies. Results in this research are as
follows:
H3. Social Influence significantly affected trust.
H7. Social influence significantly affected intention
to use.
Trust
Trust is a behavior displayed by a human who
believes it can be relied on as truthful. Gefen et al.
(2003) defined trust as the individual’s willingness
to depend on a belief in abilities, virtue, and integ-
rity. Trust is the main feature to start using digital
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 The Effect of Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, And Social Influence toward Intention to ...
transactions. It is related to social and economic
transactions (Pavlou, 2003).
The cumulative experience significantly influ-
ences customer confidence in the vendor’s compe-
tence, predictability, and goodwill (Siau and Shen,
2003). Trust plays an important role in technology
acceptance, system reliability, and availability when
users need services. It is an important factor af-
fecting the adoption of these services. Research
results that previous researchers had done found
that trust could influence intention to use and be-
come variable mediation for intention to use. For
instance, research that had been done by Akbari et
al. (2020) showed that trust has a positive effect on
the intention to use and can mediate perceived use-
fulness and perceived ease of use on intention to
use. Moreover, Gong et al. (2019) showed that trust
could mediate social influence on intention to use.
Therefore, the next hypothesis is as follows:
H4. The trust significantly affected intention to use.
H8. The trust mediated the relationship of perceived
usefulness toward intention to use.
H9. The trust mediated the relationship perceived
ease of use toward intention to use.
H10. The trust mediated the relationship of social
influence toward intention to use.
Determination Coefficient Test (R²)
Predictive Relevance Test Q2 and GoF (Good-
ness of fit)
Table 2. The Goodness of fit Model
Endogen R2
Trust 0.815
Intention to use 0.771
Q2 = 1 – [( 1 – R12) ( 1 – R22 )]
Q2 = 1 – [( 1 – 0.815) ( 1 – 0.771)]
= 0.958
Source: Primary Data Processed (2020)
The inner model is tested by using the Predic-
tive - Relevance (Q2) value, and the formula as
follows:
ACCREDITED by Ministry of Research and Technology Republic of Indonesia, No 200/M/KPT/2020
Q² = 1 – (1 – R1²) (1 – R2²).....(1 - Rn²)
Q2 = 1 – [( 1 – 0.815) ( 1 – 0.771)] = 0.958
The R-square of the trust variable is 0.815 or
81.5%. It indicates the diversity of trust variables
can be explained by perceived usefulness, ease of
use, and social influence as 81.5%. On the other
hand, the contribution of perceived usefulness, per-
ceived ease of use, and social influence on trust is
81.5%. Meanwhile, the rest of 18.5% is the contri-
bution of the other variables which are not discussed
in this research.
Furthermore, the R-square variable intention to
use is valued at 0.771 or 77.1%. It indicates the
diversity of intention to use variables can be ex-
plained by perceived usefulness, perceived ease of
use, social influence, and trust as 77.1%. Besides,
the contribution of perceived usefulness, perceived
ease of use, social influence, and trust on the inten-
tion to use is 77.1%. Meanwhile, the remaining
22.9% is not discussed in the contribution of the
other variables. Q-Square predictive relevance (Q2)
is 0.958 or 95.8%. It indicates the overall model of
95.8% can explain the diversity of intention to use
variables. In addition, the contribution of perceived
usefulness, perceived ease of use, social influence,
and trust on the overall intention to use is 95.8%.
Meanwhile, the rest amounting to 4.2%, is the con-
tribution of other variables that are not discussed.
METHOD
This research uses quantitative methods and
an explanatory research dissertation. The popula-
tion and sample are consumers in Malang City who
are familiar with the digital zakat application, whether
they have used the application or not. The sampling
method used in this study is non-probability sam-
pling with purposive sampling. The correspondents
are 104 persons with the criteria; Muslim, 23 years
and over, have income, know the digital zakat appli-
cation, whether they have used the application or
not. The research instrument is a questionnaire given
online according to the respondents’ preferences.
Besides, it used a Likert scale to measure each item
of questions asked to respondents. The devices used
to analyze the data are Partial Least Square (PLS)
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 Ilham Agung Kurniawan, Mugiono, Risna Wijayanti

and the SmartPLS3.0 application. The research
analysis used the path to test the outer model, inner
model, hypothesis testing, and research mediation.
RESULTS
Based on the results of data collection answers
from 104 respondents, 52 people (50%) from total
female respondents and the rest of 52 (50%) male
respondents. The age range of the majority of re-
spondents was between 23 to 30 years old, that is
53 people (51%). For respondents classified by edu-
cational background, most of them were dominated
by S1/S2/S3 level as many as 98 people (94.2%)
and for professional background teacher/lecturer
were dominating 27 people (26%). Respondents who
have monthly income IDR 3.000.000-5.000.000 got
the most numbers as many as 35 people (33.7%)
from total respondents. Last, 14 people (13.5%)
have ever used the digital zakat application and the
rest of 90 people (86.5%) have not ever used the
app.

Tabel 3. Hypothesis Test Results of Direct Effect

Hypoth- Path Coeffi- Error t-

esis Relationship Between Variables Result
cient Standard statistic
H1 Perceived usefulness – trust 0.297 0.107 2.765 Significant Accepted
H2 Perceived ease of use – trust 0.472 0.101 4.695 Significant Accepted
H3 Social influence – trust 0.239 0.068 3.486 Significant Accepted
H4 Trust – intention to use 0.526 0.132 3.994 Significant Accepted
H5 Perceived usefulness –intention to use 0.309 0.120 2.574 Significant Accepted
H6 Perceived ease of use – intention to use -0.305 0.109 2.801 Significant Accepted
H7 Social influence –intention to use 0.400 0.099 4.035 Significant Accepted
Source: Primary Data Processed (2020)

Based on the Table above, it is known that the
H1 path coefficient value is 0.297, the standard er-
ror is 0.107, and the t-statistic is 2.765. Therefore,
(H1) is accepted, which means perceived useful-
ness directly affects trust. The H2 path coefficient
value is 0.472, the standard error is 0.101, and the t-
statistic is 4,695. Therefore, the hypothesis (H2) is
accepted, which means perceived ease of use di-
rectly affects trust.
The coefficient value of the H3 pathway is
0.239, the standard error is 0.068, and the t-statistic
is 3.486. Then, H3 is accepted, which means social
influence directly affects trust. The coefficient value
of the H4 line is 0.526, the standard error is 0.132,
and the t-statistic is 3.994. It reveals that the hy-
pothesis (H4) is accepted, which means trust di-
rectly affects the intention to use. At H5, the path
coefficient value is obtained as 0.309, the standard
error is 0.120, and the t-statistic is 2.574.
Therefore, hypothesis (H5) is accepted, which
means perceived usefulness directly affects the in-
tention to use. The coefficient value of the H6 path
is 0.305, the standard error is 0.109, and the t-sta-
tistic is 2.801. Therefore, the hypothesis of H6 is
accepted, which means perceived ease of use has
a direct effect on the intention to use. The coeffi-
cient value of the H7 path is 0.400, the standard
error is 0.099, and the t-statistic is 4.035. There-
fore, the hypothesis of H7 is accepted, which means
social influence has a direct effect on the intention
to use.
The coefficient value of the H8 path is 0.156,
the standard error is 0.069, and the t-statistic is 2.273.
Therefore, the hypothesis of H8 is accepted, which
means that trust can mediate the perceived useful-
ness to intention to use. The coefficient value of the
H9 pathway is 0.248, the standard error is 0.082,
and the t-statistic is 3.042. Therefore, the hypoth-

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 The Effect of Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, And Social Influence toward Intention to ...
Table 4. Hypothesis Test Results of Indirect Effect
Hypoth- Path Coeffi- Error
esis Relationship Between Variables cient
H8 Perceived usefulness – trust – 0.156
intention to use
H9 Perceived ease of use – trust – 0.248
intention to use
H10 Social influence – trust – intention 0.126
to use
Source: Primary Data Processed (2020)
esis of H9 is accepted, which means trust can me-
diate perceived ease of use to intention to use.
The coefficient value of the H10 pathway is
0.126, the standard error is 0.048, and the t-statistic
is 2.626. Therefore, the hypothesis of H10 is ac-
cepted, which means trust can mediate the social
influence on intention to use.
DISCUSSION
The Effect of Perceived Usefulness on Trust
The results of the analysis reveal that perceived
usefulness affected trust. According to Davis (1989),
the perceived usefulness of technology depends on
a person’s perception. It refers to people’s belief in
a certain system that can improve their performance.
If the technology adopted follows people’s needs in
working, then one’s trust in the technology directly
increases in proportion.
This research reveals the various benefits is
offered by the digital zakat application to fulfill the
benefits of paying zakat practically. It can construct
consumers’ trust and consumers start to believe that
the digital zakat application can complete their needs.
The descriptive analysis displayed the digital zakat
application as the main indicator of perceived use-
fulness. It indicates that the availability of the digi-
tal zakat application provides the benefit of making
it easier for consumers to pay zakat quickly and
accurately. Therefore, consumers’ trust arises re-
garding the efficiency in paying zakat. This
research’s result supports the previous research that
has been done by Sarkar et al. (2020) is shows that
ACCREDITED by Ministry of Research and Technology Republic of Indonesia, No 200/M/KPT/2020
t-
Standard statistic Result
0.069 2.273 Significant Accepted
(partial mediation)
0.082 3.042 Significant Accepted
(partial mediation)
0.048 2.626 Significant Accepted
(partial mediation)
there is a positive relationship significantly between
perceived usefulness on trust, and Akbari et al.
(2020) showed that perceived usefulness has a good
effect on trust.
The Effect of Perceived Ease of Use on Trust
This research reveals that perceived ease of
use has a significant positive effect on trust. It means
that increasing perceived ease of use can directly
increase trust. The impact of perceived ease of use
on trust makes consumers familiar with the use of
digital applications that various vendors provide.
According to Davis (1989), perceived ease of use
related to the extent to people’s belief in using a
certain system is easy to be understood. It is re-
lated to avoiding difficulties and errors when using
the system.
Technology is symbolically considered to pro-
vide comfort to give confidence in carrying out a
task. The perceived effect of ease of use on trust is
that consumers can recognize the use of digital ap-
plication technology provided by various vendors.
Then, consumers are easy understand the use the
digital zakat payment applications. Besides, consum-
ers believe the digital zakat application is a trust-
worthy and easy electronic transaction. This re-
search result supports the study by Sarkar et al.
(2020), which significantly showed a positive rela-
tionship between perceived ease of use and trust.
Akbari et al. (2020) showed that perceived ease of
use positively affects trust.
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 Ilham Agung Kurniawan, Mugiono, Risna Wijayanti
The Effect of Social Influence on Trust
This research reveals that trust is affected by
social influence. It means that better social influ-
ence can increase trust. Rashotte (2007) stated that
individuals would change their feelings and behav-
ior when faced with social pressure and interact
with others.
The use of social media is considered an ef-
fective way to interact with consumers. It refers to
giving on the Google Play Store application and pro-
viding feedback on promotional ads on the YouTube
channel. It has been proven that the use of social
networking applications (SNS such as Facebook,
YouTube, Twitter, and company blogs) is recom-
mended to signify trust in consumers who were pre-
viously unfamiliar with the products offered
(Brengman and Karimov, 2012). This research re-
sult supports the research done by Kaabachi et al.
(2019), which shows social influence is bringing good
effect in influencing French consumer’s trust.
Khawaja (2017) showed that social influence posi-
tively affects trust.
The Effect of Trust on Intention to Use
Trust significantly influences the intention to
use. It means the higher the trust can increase the
intention to use. Perceived trust is the main compo-
nent of technology adoption. Besides, it helps ser-
vice providers to build strong relationships. Perceived
trust in technology is an emotional state that en-
courages a person to trust based on previous expe-
riences. This descriptive analysis reveals that the
digital zakat application item providing reliable ser-
vice has the most important value in variable trust.
Consumers believe the digital zakat application of-
fered by service provider vendors has good perfor-
mance. It makes consumers are confident with more
specific payment applications such as digital zakat
and intention to use for consumers. Then, the re-
sults of the analysis also display that the digital zakat
application provides safe financial services and has
the lowest value even though they have a good in-
terpretation. This cannot be separated from prob-
lems that often occur due to weaknesses in pay-
ment transaction applications in general, breaking
of customer accounts which result in loss of cus-
124 JOURNAL OF APPLIED MANAGEMENT
tomer funds in digital wallets and misuse of data
customers for criminal acts will be a consideration
for trusts from consumers to use digital zakat appli-
cations. The result is supported by Venkatesh
(1999). He stated that individual expectations about
a product or system are not always limited. Besides,
on the performance aspect, even though the ex-
pected performance of a system has been found.
The security aspect needs to be improved in the
digital zakat application. This research result sup-
ported the previous research that has been done by
Lafraxo et al. (2018), which shows trust influences
intention to use, and research result by Sharma et
al. (2018) trust has a good influence on intention to
use.
The Effect of Perceived Usefulness to Inten-
tion to Use
This research reveals that the intention to use
is affected by perceived usefulness. It means the
increasing perceived usefulness influences consum-
ers’ intention to use digital zakat applications.
Venkatesh and Davis (2000) stated that an
individual’s perceived usefulness pattern is based
on cognitive instrumental processes. It refers to an
individual’s pattern of judgments about perceived
benefits. Cognitively, it compares the system of
people’s needs in working matter. Therefore, the
perceived usefulness benefits consumers in distrib-
uting zakat more effectively through the digital zakat
application. The next effect is the emergence of
the intention to use the digital zakat application.
Consumers can adjust the types of zakat transac-
tions they want to pay and routinely use the digital
zakat application according to their regularly avail-
able needs. These results support the research con-
ducted by Singh and Sinha (2019), showing that
perceived usefulness has a significant effect on the
intention to use. The results of Akbari et al. (2020)
showed that perceived usefulness has a significant
positive impact on intention to use.
The Effect of Perceived Ease of Use to Inten-
tion to Use
Perceived ease of use negatively affected the
intention to use. It means the increasing perceived
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 The Effect of Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, And Social Influence toward Intention to ...
ease of use reduces consumers’ intention to use digi-
tal zakat applications. Consumers are accus-
tomed to using paid applications. Therefore, con-
sumers expect innovation in an application. In the
absence of direct consumer experience regarding
digital zakat applications related to perceived ease
of use, consumers use the general experience in
assessing digital zakat applications. Therefore, it
displays the first stages of the user experience.
There is a general determinant for perceived ease
of use of an application system (Venkatesh and
Davis, 1996). Therefore, the trust factor of con-
sumers also plays a role in generating the intention
to use the wishes offered by service providers of
digital zakat applications.
Several applications provide convenience to
transfer funds in a certain amount without provid-
ing proof of transactions, limit, and payment history.
It makes consumers feel doubt about the credibility
of the zakat application. This research is different
from Akbari et al. (2020) that displayed the results
of perceived ease of use have a positive influence
on the intention to use. and this research has a dif-
ferent view from Septiani et al. (2017) in that she
revealed the perceived ease of use positively af-
fects the intention to use.
The Effect of Social Influence on Intention to
Use
Social influence influences the intention to use.
The increasing social influence reduces the inten-
tion to use digital zakat applications. The analysis
results display that media suggest people pay zakat
through a digital application. It is the main determi-
nant in influencing consumers to create the inten-
tion to use for consumers to use the digital zakat
application. It also refers to web-based social net-
works providing different methods, such as chat
rooms and discussion forums for individuals to in-
teract, exchange opinions, and compare experiences
with others (Kim and Srivastava, 2007). According
to Venkatesh et al. (2003), social influence is de-
fined as the degree to which an individual assumes
that other people convince him that he must use a
new system or not. The other suggestions a person
receives for using technology will influence some-
ACCREDITED by Ministry of Research and Technology Republic of Indonesia, No 200/M/KPT/2020
one to adopt the technology because many people
have proven the benefits. Baabdullah (2018) stated
that social influence positively affected customers’
intention to use. Then, Hsu et al. (2017) revealed
that social influence positively affects the intention
to use.
The Effect of Trust Mediated Perceived Use-
fulness to Intention to Use
The coefficient of indirect effect perceived
usefulness on the intention to use through trust is
0.156. It indicates that perceived usefulness signifi-
cantly positively affects the intention to use through
trust. It means that the better-perceived usefulness
causes the high of trust. Besides, it tends to increase
the intention to use. The analysis results reveal that
perceived usefulness has an important impact on
intention to use through trust. However, the impact
of trust mediation is known as partial mediation.
Therefore, it can be interpreted that trust can con-
nect the influence of perceived usefulness on the
intention to use. However, perceived usefulness in
digital zakat applications can increase the intention
to use without trust. This research supports the study
by Singh and Sinha (2019), which stated that trust
mediates the effect of perceived usefulness on the
intention to use. Then, Akbari et al. (2020) displayed
that the results of trust mediate the relationship be-
tween perceived usefulness and intention to use.
The Effect of Trust Mediated Perceived Ease
of Use to Intention to Use
The indirect effect of perceived ease of use on
the intention to use through trust is 0.248. It indi-
cates that perceived ease of use significantly posi-
tively affects the intention to use through trust. It
explains that the better-perceived ease of use causes
high trust. It tends to increase the intention to use.
This research shows that perceived ease of use has
an important impact on intention to use through trust.
However, the impact of trust mediation is known to
be partial mediation. The results of this study sup-
port the findings of several previous studies that
show trust can mediate perceived ease of use to-
wards intention to use. This research supports the
study results by Akbari et al. (2020), which stated
ISSN: 1693-5241 125
 Ilham Agung Kurniawan, Mugiono, Risna Wijayanti
that showing the results of trust mediates the rela-
tionship between perceived ease of use and inten-
tion to use.
The Effect of Trust Mediated Social Influence
on Intention to Use
The coefficient of indirect social influence on
intention to use through trust is 0.126. It indicates
that social influence significantly positively affects
the intention to use through trust. It means that the
high of trust is caused by better social influence and
tends to increase the intention to use. The result
revealed that perceived ease of use has an impor-
tant impact on intention to use through trust. How-
ever, the impact of trust mediation is known to be
partial mediation. This research supports Gong et
al. (2019). He said trust in service providers plays a
mediating role between subjective norms and inten-
tion to use. Furthermore, as Khawaja’s (2017) state-
ment, trust mediates the relationship between so-
cial influence on intention to use.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on hypothesis testing, discussion results,
and research findings reveal the conclusions as fol-
lows:
Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use,
and social influence have a significant positive ef-
fect on trust. Therefore, it can be concluded that
the increase in perceived usefulness, perceived ease
of use, and social influence can increase consumer
trust in the digital zakat application. Perceived use-
fulness, social influence, and trust have a signifi-
cant positive effect on the intention to use. There-
fore, it can be concluded that increased perceived
usefulness, social influence, and trust can increase
consumers’ intention to use digital zakat applications.
However, different results are found on perceived
ease of use which had a significant negative effect
on the intention to use. Therefore, it can be con-
cluded that the increasing perceived ease of use
reduces consumers’ intention to use in using digital
zakat applications. Trust can mediate the effect of
perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and
social influence on intention to use. Therefore, it
126 JOURNAL OF APPLIED MANAGEMENT
can be concluded that perceived usefulness, per-
ceived ease of use, and social influence have an
important impact on the intention to use.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Social influence and trust are variables that have
the most dominant influence on intention to use.
Service providers can benefit from this opportunity
to promote digital zakat applications through any
media to reach potential consumers. So, they can
help recommend using the digital zakat app through
the circle of consumers. Then, it will help create a
trust to increase consumers’ interest in using digital
zakat applications.
In this research, the researcher only uses per-
ceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, social in-
fluence, and trust to be known about the influence
on intention to use. For further research, the re-
searcher expects this research to be expanded and
integrated with more complex theories and other
factors that can influence intention to use.
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