ANS:

i. Solar Irradiance:
The distribution of radiant power (or radiant flux) per unit wavelength
of light or electromagnetic radiation is referred to as solar irradiance. It
determines the amount of radiant energy that is given off, transmitted, or
absorbed at each specific wavelength across the electromagnetic spectrum.
Solar irradiance is frequently stated in units like watts per square metre per
nanometre (W/m2/nm) .
Since it enables researchers and engineers to comprehend how energy
is distributed across distinct wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum,
spectral irradiance is an important parameter and hence crucial for activities
like developing solar cells and determining the spectral characteristics of
various materials. It is used to research the behaviour of light and radiation in
various applications.
ii. Solar Insolation:
The quantity of solar radiation from the Sun that reaches a certain spot
on the surface of the Earth is referred to as solar insolation. It is a key element
in comprehending and utilizing solar energy for a variety of applications,
including solar power generation and climate studies, and is commonly
measured in watts per square meter (W/m2).
Measurements of the sun's insolation are crucial for solar energy
systems like photovoltaic (PV) solar panels to be designed and optimized.
Assessments of the solar resources in each area can assist establish the
viability and effectiveness of solar energy projects. For estimating the
potential energy production from solar systems, these analyses consider
variables such as the local climate, weather patterns, and past sun irradiance
data.
iii. Used Code:
data = xlsread('Solar irradiance spectrum and
insolation.xls','SMARTS2','A3:D2004');

lambda = data(:,1); % wavelength

Ps = data(:,2) ; % Irradiance
% obtaining Insolation through Integration
int=0 ;
L(1) = 0 ;
for i = 2 : 2002
int = int + ((lambda(i)-lambda(i-1))*((Ps(i-1)+Ps(i))/2)) ;
int1= int ;
L(i) = int1/1000 ;
end
L = L' ;
 subplot(2,1,1) ;
plot(lambda,Ps,'r','LineWidth',1) ;
xlabel('Wavelenght in nm')
ylabel('Solar Irradiance in W/m^2/nm')
subplot(2,1,2) ;
plot(lambda, L,'r','LineWidth',1) ;
xlabel('Wavelenght in nm')
ylabel('Solar Insolation in kW/m^2')

iv. Obtained graph: