Sapkal Knowledge Hub

Kalyani Charitable Trust’s

Late G. N. Sapkal College of Engineering

Multiple Choice
Questions

Engineering Physics - unit 3

 Polarisation

1. Which of the following phenomena suggest that light may be a

transverse wave?
A. Reflection
B. Polarisation
C. Photoelectric effect
D. Diffraction

2. In optics, when the vibrations of light are limited to a single two

dimensional plane, it is said that light has been what?
A. Polarised
B. Plane polarised
C. Partially polarised
D. Unpolarised

3. Brewster's law in terms of refractive index can be

Expressed as
A. µ = sinip
B. µ = cosip
C. µ = tanip
D. µ = cotip

4. According to the law of Malus,the intensity of polarised light

emerging through the analyzer varies as
A. I0Cos 2θ
B. I0 Sin2θ
C. I0Cosθ
D. I0 /2 Cos 2θ

5. Which one is the example of uniaxial crystal?

A. Calcite
B. Tourmaline
C. Quartz
D. all of them

6. What happen if the ordinary unpolarised light is passed through a

Uniaxial crystal
A. light is split into two rays
B. Light remain unaffected
Engineering Physics 1
 C. light is split into more than two rays
D. None of them
7. Zone plate has some similarities as well as some differences with a
A. Plano convex lens
B. Concave lens
C. grating
D. Convex lens
8. What happen to O and E rays if they travel along the optic Axis?
A. Both ray travel with the same velocity
B. O ray travels faster than E ray
C. E ray travel faster than O ray
D. none of these
9. How many principle sections of uniaxial crystal have?
A. 6
B. 3
C. 5
D. 2
10. How much phase change is introduced by a quarter wave plate
between ordinary and extra ordinary ray.
A.
B. 2∏
C. ∏/2
D. ∏/4
11. Dextrorotatory optically active substance rotates the plane of
vibration?
A. In clockwise direction
B. In anticlockwise direction
C. By 180 degree
D. none of these
12. Electric field vector vibrates in only one plane and perpendicular to the
direction of propagation in…………..light
A. plane polarised B. unpolarised
C. both plane polarised & unpolarised
D. neither plane polarised & nor unpolarised

13. The plane in which the electric field vector of plane polarised light
vibrates is known as
A. Plane of vibration B. Plane of Polarisation
C. principal Plane D. None of above

Engineering Physics 2
14. The plane in which the magnetic field vector of plane polarised light vibrates is
known as
A. Plane of vibration B. Plane of Polarisation
C. Principal Plane D None of above

15. Plane of vibration is defined only for

A. A. plane polarised B. unpolarised
C. both plane polarised & unpolarised
D. neither plane polarised & nor unpolarised

16. If the angle between the axis of Polarizer and analyser is 300 , the intensity of
light transmitted by analyser is…………..times the intensity transmitted by the
polarizer
A. B. C. D. Zero

17. If the angle between the axis of Polarizer and analyser is 450 , the intensity of
light transmitted by analyser is…………..times the intensity transmitted by the
polarizer

A. B. C. D. Zero

18.If the angle between the axis of Polarizer and analyser is 90 0 , the intensity of
light transmitted by analyser is…………..times the intensity transmitted by the
polarizer

A. B. C. D. Zero

19. If the light is made incident on any transparent medium at the polarizing angle ,
the reflected light is,
A. unpolarised B. Plane polarised
C. partially Polarised D. none of these

20. If the light is made incident on any transparent medium at the polarizing angle ,
the transmitted light is,
A. unpolarised B. Plane polarised
C. partially Polarised D. none of these

Engineering Physics 3
21. The waves forming ordinary image are………..
A. plane polarised B. unpolarised
C. partially polarised D. any of above

22. Optic axis is ……………

A. an imaginary line inside the crystal
B. a real line inside the crystal
C. a real direction inside the crystal
D. none of these

23. Principle planes in calcite crystals are……………

A. squares B. rhombus
C. triangles D. parallelograms

24. The acute angle between the planes of crystal is…………..

A 780 B.710 C.1020 D.1090

25. The obtuse angle between the planes of crystal is…………..

A 780 B.710 C.1020 D.109 0

26. The shape of O -wave front is-----------

A. plane B. spherical C. elliptical D. cylindrical

27. The shape of E -wave front is-----------

A. plane B. spherical C. elliptical D. cylindrical

28. The property of rotating the plane of vibration of plane polarized light is known
as-----------
A. double refraction B. optical activity C. polarization D. Dichroism

29. The Specific rotation is………….

A. independent of wavelength
B. directly proportional to wavelength
C. inversely proportional to wavelength
D. inversely proportional to square wavelength

30. The thickness of crystal in an LCD is chosen so that it rotates the plane of
vibration of plane polarized light by
A. 450 B. 90 0 C. 300 D. 600

Engineering Physics 4
31. A quarter of a wavelength is equal to how many degrees of phase?
A.90
B.45
C.60
D.180

32. When a beam of ordinary white light is passed through a Polaroid plate filter,
the intensity of the beam that emerges is:
A. Equal to that of the incident beam
B. About 0.9 that of the incident beam
C. About one-half that of the incident beam
D. Practically zero

33. Which is the following used to convert Unpolarised light into polarised light
A. Nicol Prism
B. Calcite prism
C. Tourmaline crystal
D. None of the above

34. In double refraction, the vibrations of E ray are confined in

A. Plane perpendicular to the principle section
B. Principle section
C. at an angle θ to the principle section
D. keeps on changing orientation

35. If Ve the velocity of E-ray and Vo is the velocity of O ray in a negative

crystal they are related by
A. Vo > Ve B. Vo < Ve C. Vo = Ve D. None of these

36. A dichroic crystal converts UPL to PPL

A. reflection B. Double refraction
C. refraction D. selective absorption

37. The Nicol prism based on the action of

A. reflection B. Double refraction C. refraction D. scattering

38. A L.C.D. is a device which is uses the phenomenon of

A. optical activity B. refraction C. scattering D. dispersion
Engineering Physics 5
 39. A half wave plate is used to add a phase difference of ---------------- O ray
and E ray
A. ∏/2 B. ∏ C. 0 D. 2∏

40. A optically active material

A. changes the direction of propagation of light
B. changes the direction of reflected light
C. changes the direction of reflected light
D. changes the direction of the plane of polarization

41. Laser radiation is:

A. Monochromatic
B. Directed in a narrow beam
C. Produced with large power densities
D. All of the above
42. A YAG laser has a frequency of 2.8 × 1014 Hz. What is the wavelength of
the light it produces?
A 1.2 × 10–23 m
B. 1.1 × 10 –6 m
C. 1.2 × 10–2 m
D. 9.4 × 105 m
43. What is the wavelength of red light emitted by a helium-neon laser?
A.122 nanometers
B. 633 nanometers
C.2.43 nanometers
D.1.37 micrometers

44. What is the life time of electron in metastable state?

A.10 -3 sec
B. 10 -5 Sec
C. 10 -8 sec
D.10 -7 sec

45. LASER is a short form of

A. Light Amplification by Spontaneous Emission of Radiation.
B. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.
C. Light Absorption by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.
D. Light Absorption by Spontaneous Emission of Radiation.

Engineering Physics 6
46. In the population inversion
A.The number of electrons in higher energy state is more than ground
state
B.The number of electrons in lower energy state is more than higher energy
state
C. The number of electrons in lower energy state and higher energy state
are same
D. None of them

47. Laser beam is made a of

A. Electrons
B. Highly coherent photon
C. Elastic particles
D. Excited atoms
48. In ruby Laser which ions give rise to laser action
A.Al2o3
B.Cr 3+
C.Al3+
D.O –
49. Which of the laser have high efficiency
A. Ruby
B. Semiconductor
C. He- Ne
D. Co2
50. The method of population inversion to the laser action in He-Ne laser is
A. molecule collision B. direction conversion
C. electric discharge D. electron impact

51. Which of the laser have very low efficiency

A. Ruby C. Semiconductor
B. He- Ne D. Ammonia gas laser

52. Ruby laser produces the laser beam of wavelength

A.6943 A0 B.6328 A0 C.6320 A0 D.6940 A0

53. The material in which the population inversion is achieve is called as

A. Active medium B. metastable state
C. passive medium D. stable states

Engineering Physics 7
54. The Ruby laser is
A. Continuous Laser B. gas Laser
C. semiconductor laser D. pulsed laser

55. The method of achieving population inversion in Ruby Laser is

A. Optical pumping B. inelastic Scattering
C. forward biasing D. chemical reaction

56. The He – Ne laser is

A. Continuous Laser B. gas Laser
C. semiconductor laser D. pulsed laser

57. The method of achieving population inversion in He – Ne Laser is

B. Optical pumping B. inelastic Scattering
C. forward biasing D. chemical reaction

58. A semiconductor diode Laser is

A. Four level C. Three level
B. Two level D. one level

59. A He- Ne laser is a

A. Four level C. Three level
B. Two level D. One level

60. In a semiconductor laser ,the doping concentration is so high that the Fermi
level in N type diode lies
A. Center of energy gap
B. Top of valence band
C. Bottom of conduction band
D. Inside the conduction band

61. The coherence length of Laser light is

A. 4000 A0 B. 8000 A0 C. 300 m D. 2 µm

62. An optical fiber cable acts as the principle of

A. Double refraction C. reflection
B. Total external refraction D. total internal reflection

63. A hologram records ……….of light

A. Intensity C. frequency
Engineering Physics 8
 B. Intensity and phase D. frequency and Phase

64. If a hologram is illuminated by white light it will form

A. Colorful image C. will not form image
B. Single color image D. red image in black and white

65. A beam of light is incident on a glass plate at an angle of incidence 60 0 .the

reflected ray is Polarised .what is the angle of refraction , if the angle of incidence
is 45 0 .
A. 60 0 B. 30 0 C. sin-1 D. sin-1

66. The thickness of quarter Wave Plate made of quartz for wavelength 5000
A0,refractive index µe = 1.553 and µ0 = 1.543 is --------------.
A. 250 x 10 -3 cm C. 3.75 x 10 -3 cm
B. 1.25 x 10 -3 cm D. 2.50 x 10 -3 cm

67. A polarizer and analyzer are oriented so that he amount of transmitted light is
maximum .through what angle should either be the turned so that the intensity
transmitted light is reduced to 0.25 time maximum intensity.
A. 900 B. 60 0 C. 1500 D. 1600

68.0A 20 cm long tube containing 48 c.c. 0of sugar rotes the plane of polarization by
11 .If the specific rotation of sugar is 66 , calculate the mass of sugar solution.
A. 8 gm B. 4 gm C. 16 gm D. 10 gm
69. When the light is incident at the polarizing angle which of the following
completely polarised
A. Reflected light B. Refracted light
C. both D. neither reflected Nor Refracted

70. The property of rotating the plane of vibration of plane polarized light is known
as
A. double refraction B. optical activity C. polarization D. dichroism

71. When light travels parallel to the optic axis………………

A. double refraction is observed
B. double refraction is not observed
C. Path difference between O and E waves

Engineering Physics 9
D. Both B and C.

72. The phase difference introduced by a retardation plate between the O ray and E
waves for the positive crystal is………………………..
A. (µe - µo) t B. (µo - µe) t C. (µe - µo) t D. (µo - µe) t

73. The phase difference introduced by a retardation plate between the O ray and
E waves for the negative crystal is………………………..
A. (µe - µo) t B. (µo - µe) t C. (µe - µo) t D. (µo - µe) t

74…………….waves travels with the same velocity in all directions

A. O B. E C. O and E D. Neither O nor E

75. …………….waves travels with the different velocity in different directions

A. O B. E C. O and E D. Neither O nor E

76. O and E waves travel with the same velocity ---------------in the crystal
A. parallel to the surface
B. Perpendicular to the surface
C. along optic axis
D. none of the above

77.If the light is incident on a transparent material at the polarizing angle of 60 0 ,

The angle of refraction is…………………
A. 45 0 B. 60 0 C.30 0 D.90 0

Engineering Physics 10
 Sapkal Knowledge Hub

Kalyani Charitable Trust’s

Late G. N. Sapkal College of Engineering

Multiple Choice Questions

Engineering Physics - unit I

 Interference and Diffraction
1. Interference of light is evidence that :
A. The speed of light is very large
B. light is a transverse wave
C. light is electromagnetic in character
D. Light is a wave phenomenon
2. In Newton's Ring experiments , the diameter of bright rings is proportional
to
A. Square root of Odd Natural numbers
B. Natural Number
C. Even Natural Number
D. Square root of natural number
3. In Newton's Ring experiments , the diameter of dark rings is proportional
to
A. Odd Natural numbers
B. Natural Number
C. Even Natural Number
D. Square root of natural number
4. A wavelength is commonly measured in which one of the following units?
A. Radians
B. Angstroms
C. Electron volts
D. Seconds
5. Extended source is needed in
A. Young's double slit experiment
B. Bi prism Experiment
C. Newton’s Ring Experiment
D. None of them
6. The phenomenon of diffraction can be understood using
A. Huygens principle
B. Fraunhofer
C. Uncertainty principle
D. Fresnel

Engineering Physics 1
 7. Whose principle or law states that each point on a wave front may be
considered a new wave source? Is it:
A. Snell's Law
B. Huygens’s Principle
C. Young's Law
D. Hertz's Law.
8. What is the name of the process whereby waves travel around corners
and obstacles in their paths?
A. Reflection
B. Refraction
C Interference
D. Diffraction
9. In Fraunhofer diffraction, the incident wave front should be …..
A. elliptical
B. Plane
C. Spherical
D. Cylindrical
10. significant diffraction of X ray can be obtained
A. By a single slit
B. By a double slit
C. By diffraction
D. By Atomic crystal
11. A slit of width ‘a’ is illuminated by white light. For what value of ‘a’ will
the first minimum for red light fall at an angle of 300 wavelength of red
light is 6500 A0
A. 1.1 x 10 -3 cm
B. 1.4 X 10 -4 cm
C. 1.3 X 10 -4 cm
D. 1.6 X 10 -4 cm
12. The wave nature of light is demonstrated by which of the following?
A. The photoelectric effect
B. Color
C. The speed of light
D. Diffraction

Engineering Physics 2
 13. A grating has 6000 lines per cm. How many orders of light of wavelength
4500 A 0 can be seen?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
14. Find the maximum value of resolving power of a grating 3 cm wide having
5000 lines per cm, if the wavelength of light used is 5890 A0.
A. 40000
B. 45000
C. 4500
D. 5000
15. In Fresnel diffraction
A. source of light is kept at infinite distance from the aperture
B. source of light is kept at finite distance from the aperture
C. Convex lens used
D. aperture width is selected so that it can acts as a point source

16. in the diffraction pattern using circular aperture , when the screen is brought
towards the aperture
A. the intensity of the screen is gradually increases.
B. the intensity of the screen is gradually decreases
C. the light is found to focus only to a fixed distance
D. Many points are observed where greater intensity is found
17. To find prominent diffraction , the size of diffraction object should be
A. greater than wavelength of light used
B. comparable to order of wavelength of light
C. less than wavelength of light used
D. none of these.
18. A color with a wavelength longer than that of yellow is:
A. Red
B. Blue
C. Violet
D. Green

Engineering Physics 3
 19. In plane transmission grating, the angle of diffraction for second order
maxima for wavelength 5 x 10 -5 cm is 30 0. Calculate the number of lines
in one centimeter of the grating surface.
A. 1000 lines/cm
B. 5000 lines/cm
C. 500 lines/cm
D. 10000 lines/cm
20. What is the highest order spectrum which may be seen with monochromatic
light of wavelength 5000 A0 by means of diffraction grating with 5000
lines/cm?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 8
D. 16
21. The first reflecting telescope was built by:
A. Galileo
B. Copernicus
C. Tyco Brahe
D. Isaac Newton
22. The critical angle for water (n = 1.33) in air is
A. 33° B. Not defined C. 49 0 D. 24 0
23. The dark lines constituting the absorption spectrum exhibited by sunlight
are frequently called:
A. Fresnel lines
B. Fraunhofer lines
C. Fermi lines
D. Franklin lines
24. A beam of white light is passed through a diffraction grating and the
resulting spectrum is allowed to fall on a screen. Which one of the
following is the color of light that undergoes the greatest deviation from its
original direction? Is it:
A. Red
B. yellow
C. Blue
D. violet
Engineering Physics 4
 25. When a light ray travelling in glass is incident on an air surface,
A. it will refract away from the normal
B. some of the light may be reflected
C. all of the light may be reflected
D. two of A, B, and C
E. all of A, B, and C
26. Light is
A. an electromagnetic wave
B. a form of energy visible to the human eye
C. the same type of energy as an X ray
D. the same type of energy as a radio wave
E. all of the above
27. What is the speed of light in glycerin (n = 1.47) expressed in terms of the
speed of light in a vacuum?
A. 2.04c
B. 1.47c
C. 0.680c
D. 1.00c
28. Which of the following does NOT travel in a vacuum?
A. Radio waves
B. Gamma rays
C. Magnetic waves
D. Sound waves
29. The region of the electromagnetic spectrum immediately above the
frequencies to which the human eye is sensitive is called:
A. I r
B. ultra-violet
C. r f
D. gamma ray
30. A beam of light is incident on a large block of glass. The index of refraction
of the glass is greater than one. Is the wavelength of the light in the glass?
A. Longer than
B. Shorter than
C. The same as the wavelength of the light in the air?
D. None of above
Engineering Physics 5
 31. The angle of incidence for a wave
A. can be measured between the incident ray and the normal
B. can be measured between the incident wave front and the boundary
C. is equal to the angle of reflection
D. all of the above
32. In Michelson ‘s interferometer 100 fringes cross the field view when the
movable mirror is displaced through 0.0248 mm. Calculate the wavelength
of monochromatic light used
A. 5896 A 0 B.5890 A 0 C.4000 A 0 D. 4890 A 0
33. In Newton's ring experiment, the diameter of the 15 th ring was found to be
0.590 and that of the 5 th ring was 0.336 cm. If the radius of Plano convex
lens is 100 cm, compute the wavelength of light used.
A. 5885 A 0 B. 5880 A o C. 5890 A o D.5850 A o
34. Second glass plate in Michelson ‘s Interferometer is known as
A. Extra glass plate C. Simple Glass Plate
B. Compensating glass plate D. None of these
35. In reflected light the central fringes of Newton's ring is
A. dark B. Bright C. Uniform D. Non uniform
36. A phase difference ∏ between two interfering beams is equivalent to the
path difference
A. 2 λ B. λ C. λ/2 D. λ/4
37. Which of the following does not support the wave nature of light
A. Interference C. Polarisation
B. Compton effect D. Diffraction
38. Colors in thin films are because of
A. Dispersion C. Interference
B. Compton effect D. Diffraction
39. As a wave travels down a spring, the amplitude slowly decreases. Why does
this occur?
A. The law of conservation of energy does not apply to waves.
B. The energy is spread out along the entire length of the spring.
C. The wave slows down as it travels along the spring.
D. Some energy is lost due to friction as the particles in the spring
rub against each other.
E. all of the above
Engineering Physics 6
 40. For single slit Diffraction, the path difference between the two ends of the
slit is
A. Δ = a Sin θ B. Δ = a Cos θ C. Δ = Cos θ D. Δ = 0
41. In a longitudinal wave,
A. The particles move parallel to the direction of the wave motion.
B. The particles move perpendicular to the direction of the wave motion.
C. Energy causes the particles to move forward with the wave.
D. Energy is propagated by crests and troughs.
42. The speed of any mechanical wave as it propagates through a medium is
dependent mainly on the
A. frequency of the wave source
B. wavelength
C. period of the wave
D. type of medium through which the wave travels
E. amplitude
43. In a Young's double-slit experiment the center of a bright fringe occurs
wherever waves from the slits differ in the distance they travel by a multiple
of:
A. a fourth of a wavelength
B. a half a wavelength
C. a wavelength
D. three-fourths of a wavelength
44. Light enters air from water. The angle of refraction will be
A. Greater than the angle of incidence.
B. Equal to the angle of incidence.
C. Less than the angle of incidence.
D. None of these
45. Rainbow is due to
A. absorption of sunlight in minute water droplets
B. diffusion of sunlight through water droplets
C. ionization of water deposits
D. refraction and reflection of sunlight by water droplets

Engineering Physics 7
 46. The speed of light in material A is 1.25 times as large as it is in material B.
What is the ratio of the refractive indices, µA /µB of these materials?
A.1.50 B.1.00 C.0.800 D.1.25
47. Radio telescopes are better than optical telescopes because
A. they can detect faint galaxies which no optical telescope can
B. they can work even in cloudy conditions
C. they can work during the day and night
D. All of the above
48. On a rainy day, small oil films on water show brilliant colors'. This is due to
A. dispersion B. interference C. diffraction D. Polarization
49. The critical angle for a beam of light passing from water into air is 48.8 °.
This means that all light rays with an angle of incidence greater than this
angle will be
A. absorbed B. totally reflected
C. Partially reflected and partially transmitted
D. Totally transmitted
50. The principle on which fiber optics is based is
A. refraction C. polarization
B. Dispersion. D. Total internal reflection
51. A monochromatic (single frequency, single wavelength) light ray in air
(n = 1) enters a glass prism (n = 1.5). In the glass prism
A. Both the frequency and the wavelength are the same as in air
B. The frequency is the same, but the wavelength is greater than in air.
C. The frequency is the same, but the wavelength is smaller than in air.
D. The wavelength is the same, but the frequency is greater than in air.
E. The wavelength is the same, but the frequency is smaller than in air.
52. An index of refraction less than one for a medium would imply
A. That the speed of light in the medium is the same as the speed of
light in vacuum
B. That the speed of light in the medium is greater than the speed of
light in vacuum
C. Refraction is not possible
D. Reflection is not possible

Engineering Physics 8
 53. The characteristic that distinguishes a laser beam from an ordinary light
beam is:
A. The greater frequency of the laser beam
B. The coherence of the laser beam
C. The color of the laser beam
D. The greater polarization of the laser beam
54. Light travels fastest
A. In a vacuum
B. through water
C. Through glass
D. through diamond
55. For all transparent material substances, the index of refraction
A. A.is less than 1
B. B.is greater than 1
C. C.is equal to 1
D. Could be any of the given answers; it all depends on optical density
56. An index of refraction less than one for a medium would imply
A. That the speed of light in the medium is the same as the speed of
light in vacuum
B. That the speed of light in the medium is greater than the speed of
light in vacuum
C. Refraction is not possible
D. Reflection is not possible
57. Coherent light of a single frequency passes through a double slit with a
separation d, to produce a pattern on a screen as distance D from the slits.
What would cause the separation between adjacent minima on the screen to
increase?
A. A. increase the index of refraction of the medium in which the
setup is immersed
B. increase the separation d between the slits
C. increase the distance
D. increase the frequency of the incident light

Engineering Physics 9
 58. When light passes from air into water, the frequency of the light remains
the same. What happens to the speed? And the wavelength of light as it
crosses the boundary in going from air into water?
Speed Wavelength
A. Increases Remains the same
B. Remains the same Decreases
C. Remains the same remains the same
D. Decreases Increases
E. Decreases Decreases
59. Optical fiber works on the
A. principle of refraction
B. total internal reflection
C. scattering
D. interference
60. The fringe width and the angle of wedge are related to
A. β=λ/2θ
B. θ =λ/2 β
C. β=λ/θ
D. λ= β/2θ
61. A diffraction grating is optically equivalent to a multiple slit system in
which the number of slit , N is typically
A.2000/cm B.3000/cm
C.5000/cm D.1000/cm
62. In Rayleigh law of scattering ,The intensity of scattered light is
proportional to
A. λ
B. λ -2
C. λ -4
D. λ-1
63. Resolving power of grating is given by
A. λ/2
B. λ/dλ
C. dλ/λ
D. none of these

Engineering Physics 10
 64. In Newton’s rings the central spot is __________.
A. Always bright
B. always dark
C. can be bright or dark
D. of blue color
65. The conditions for the production of constructive and destructive
interference are reversed due to the fact that on striking the thin film -------.
A. Two rays of splitted light undergo phase change of 180°
B. One of two rays of splitted light undergo phase change of 180°
C. Light is diffracted, light is polarized
66. When electromagnetic waves strike the boundary of denser medium they
are __________.
A. Reflected, in phase
B. Reflected out of phase by 180°
C. reflected, they are completely absorbed
67. In Michelson interferometer semi silvered mirror is used
To obtain __________.
A. Thin film interference
B. Phase coherence
C. mono chromatic light
D. colored fringe
68. Fresnel’s type diffraction is observed when __________.
A. Only screen is placed at finite distance
B. Only source is placed at finite distance
C. Both source and screen are at finite distance
D. Neither source nor screen is at finite distance
69. Fraunhofer diffraction is observed when __________.
A. Only screen is placed at finite distance
B. source is placed at finite distance
C. neither source nor screen is at finite distance
D. None of these
70. In Fraunhofer diffraction wave front used is __________.
A. Spherical B. Circular C. Plane D. Conical
71. In diffraction pattern of monochromatic light the bright bands formed
are __________.
A. of uniform intensity
B. of non-uniform intensity
C. of uniform width
D. is of different colors

Engineering Physics 11
 72. The points of constructive interference of light
are__________.
A. Always bright
B. may be bright or dark
C. always dark
D. neither bright nor dark
73. The diffraction observed by diffraction grating can also be
Termed as __________.
A. Single slit diffraction
B. double slit Diffraction
C. multiple Slit Diffraction
D. Fresnel’s Diffraction
74. The grating used to observe, diffraction of visible light can have
approximately __________.
A.300 lines per cm
B.3000 lines per cm,
C. 15000 lines per cm
D. 30 lines per cm
75. X-ray diffraction can be observed by using __________.
A. Diffraction Grating
B. Rock salt crystal
C. Convex lens
D. Michelson’s interferometer
76. The phenomenon of Newton’s rings can be used to check the __________.
A. Wavelength of monochromatic light
B. phase coherence of two sources
C. flatness of any glass surface
D. velocity of light
77. Two sources of light are said to be coherent if __________.
A. they produce waves of the same wave length
B. they have the same amplitude of vibration
C. they produce waves in the medium simultaneously
D. they produce waves of the same amplitude
78. as the order increases, the width of a dark band in diffraction
Patterns __________.
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Does not change
D. becomes infinity

Engineering Physics 12
 79. The path difference corresponding to a phase difference of π radian is
__________.
A.2λ
B .λ/2
C .λ /4
D. λ
80. __________ of the following phenomenon cannot be explained on the
particle nature of light.
A. Photo Electric Effect
B. Compton’s Effect
C. Pair Production
D. Interference
81. Fringe spacing is defined as the distance between two
Consecutive __________.
A. Crests
B. Bright fringes only
C. Dark fringes only
D. Bright or dark fringes
82. If we narrow the distance between two slits in Young’s experiment the
fringes width __________.
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Remains same
D. becomes zero
83. When Newton’s rings interference pattern is viewed from above by means
of reflected light, the central spot is __________.
A. Dark
B. Multi colored
C. Bright
D. None of these
84. There are two types of diffraction Fresnel and __________.
A. Michelson
B. De Broglie
C. Fraunhofer
D. Huygens
100. Diffraction is special type of __________.
A. Reflection
B. Refraction
C. Interference
D. Polarization
Engineering Physics 13
 101. Interference in thin film is mainly because of
A. Division amplitude
B. Division of wave fronts
C. Addition of amplitude
D. Addition of wave fronts
102. The interference in thin films is because
A. The film reflects some light
B. The film is thin enough so that refracted ray is close to reflected ray
C.
D. All of above
103. When a light wave suffers reflection at the interface between air and glass
medium, the change of phase of the reflected wave in air is equal to
A. 0 B. π
C.2 π D.π /2
104. A thin film having thickness t<<λ is seen in white light. It will appear
A. White B. Red
C. Black D. Violet
105. A wedge shaped thin has
A. Non-uniform thickness
B. Zero thickness at one end and it increasing towards other end
C. Zero thickness at both ends
D. Thickness increase and decrease alternately
106. What is the nature of interference pattern for thin film of wedge shaped
A. Concave outside B. Convex outside
C. Equally spaced D. Concave inside
107. Interference pattern is observed in wedge-shaped film for monochromatic
light. Now monochromatic light is replaced by white light. What will be the effect
on interference pattern?
A. It will turn to dark B. It will turn to bright
C. Bands will disappear D. It will be a mixture of all colors
108. Newton’s light illustrate the phenomenon of
A. Interference B. Diffraction
C. Dispersion D. Polarization

109. In Newton’s rings experiment, if we reduce the radius of curvature of Plano

convex lens to zero, what will be effect on Newton’s rings?
A. They will become brighter B. They will become darker
C. They will disappear D. They will be more dense

Engineering Physics 14
110. Why in Newton’s rings the center spot is always dark?
A. The thickness of the film is zero at center
B. The path difference between incident ray and reflected ray is ½wavelength
C. The incident ray and reflected ray undergo destructive interference
D. All of above

111. Antireflection coating is helps in which case of the following?

A. Minimizing the reflection of light from top surface
B. To absorb and control the amount of light entering into the medium
C. To allow maximum light to reflect from top surface
D. To allow minimum light to enter into the medium

112. What should be the relation between refractive indices for antireflection
coating made over a glass surface?
A. Bair > Bfilm > Bglass
B. Bair < Bfilm < Bglass
C. Bair > Bfilm < Bglass
D. Bair < Bfilm > Bglass

113. In reference with antireflection coating which of the following statement is

true?
A. Thickness of the film should be changed for light of same wavelength but different
intensity
B. Thickness of the film need not be changed for light of same wavelength but
different intensity
C. Thickness of the film should be increased for light of same wavelength but higher
intensity
D. Thickness of the film should be decreased for light of same wavelength
but higher intensity

114. Which of the following condition is essential for observing Fraunhofer

diffraction?
A. Source must be close to slit and screen should be at infinite distance
B. Both source and screen must be close to slit
C. Source must be at infinity and screen should be close to the slit
D. Both source and screen must be at infinity

115. In diffraction Fraunhofer diffraction pattern due to single slit central maxima
is formed at center because:
A. Lens focuses all the diffracted rays at the centre of the slit

Engineering Physics 15
 B. Slit focuses all the diffracted rays at the centre of the slit
C. Light rays focused at the centre of the screen undergo constructive interference
D. Slit and lens both combined focuses the rays at the centre of the slit

116. In Fraunhofer diffraction pattern for single slit, a central maximum is obtained
when angle of diffraction q is equal to zero. What it actually indicates?
A. All the diffracted rays are parallel and focused by slit at a single point on screen
B. All the diffracted rays are perpendicular and focused by slit at a single point on screen
C. The rays are diffracted by the slit in all the directions
D. The rays are reflected by the slit

117. The condition for minima in Fraunhofer diffraction for single slit is
asinθ = mλWhat is ‘θ’?
A. Angle of incidence of incident rays at the slit
B. Angle at which diffracted rays strikes the screen
C. Angle between slit and screen
D. Angle of diffraction at which rays are diffracted at slit
118. How the intensity of secondary maxima varies in case of
Fraunhofer diffraction pattern for single slit?
A. Intensity of secondary maxima decreases on either sides
B. Intensity of secondary maxima remains constant on either side
C. Intensity increases and decreases alternately
D. Intensity of secondary maxima increases on either sides

119. Fraunhofer diffraction at a Plane Grating

What is the meaning of grating element for a diffraction grating?
A It is the width of a single slit
B. It is the width of the opaque space
C. It is the distance between two slits
D. It is the width of diffraction grating

120. What is the effect of increasing the number of slits on the intensity of
Central maxima of diffraction pattern of a diffraction grating?
A. Intensity of central maxima will decrease
B. Intensity of central maxima will increase
C. There will not be any effect
D. Diffraction pattern will disappear

121. The condition for maxima for Fraunhofer diffraction due to a slit is
d sinθ = nλ ,where d=grating element = (a+b). What is the effect
on diffraction pattern if d is reduced?

Engineering Physics 16
 A. The separation between maxima and minima will increase
B. The separation between maxima and minima will decrease
C. There will not be any effect on diffraction pattern
D. Maxima and minima will merge into each other

122. Diffraction due to circular aperture If a light passes through a small pinhole,
and incident on a screen. What will be observed on the screen?
A.A sharp bright point of the width equal to width the pinhole
B. A bright point of the width equal to width the pinhole but of less intensity
C. A bright ring at the centre surrounded by alternate dark and bright
rings
D. A diffused bright point

123. What is true for intensity of scattered light according to Rayleigh’s law?
A. The intensity for scattering for light of largest wavelength more
B. The light of smallest wavelength will be scattered more
C. All the wavelengths are scattered equally
D. Intensity of light is not affected by scattering

124. The number of lines on plane gratings is 5000. If it is illuminated

by a wavelength of light 6000 A0, how many orders will be visible?
A. 3 B. 3.33 C. 4 D. 2.0

125. A film is said to be thin if its thickness is

(a) Much smaller than wavelength of light
(b) Comparable with one wavelength of light
(c) Of the order of nanometer (10-9 m)
(d) Of the order of Pico meter (10-12 m)
126. To observe interference in thin films with a light of
wavelength λ, the thickness of the film
(a) Should be much smaller than λ
(b) Should be a few thousand times of λ
(c) Should be of the order of λ
(d) Should be of the order of nanometer
127. Interference in thin film is mainly because of
(a) Division amplitude
(b) Division of wave fronts
(c) Addition of amplitude
(d) Addition of wave fronts

Engineering Physics 17
128. Which of the following phenomenon produces colors in
soap bubble?
(a) Interference (b) Diffraction
(c) Polarization (d) Dispersion

129.The interference in thin films is because

(a) The film reflects some light
(b) The film is thin enough so that refracted ray is
close to reflected ray
(c) The reflected ray undergo path change of λ/2
(d) All of above

130. If you look perpendicular at thin film and move yourself away
from the film (staying perpendicular to the film), you will notice
(a) Reflected light becomes brighter and brighter
(b) Reflected light becomes darker and darker
(c) Reflected light alternates between darker and brighter
(d) None of the Above

131. When a light wave suffers reflection at the interface between air and glass
medium, the change of phase of the reflected wave in air is equal to
(a) 0 (b) π
(c) 2π (d) π/2
132. When a light wave suffers reflection at the interface between air and glass
medium, the change of wavelength of the reflected wave in air is equal to
(a) 0 (b) λ/2
(c) λ (d) 2λ
133. A thin film having thickness t<<λ is seen in white light. It will appear
(a) White (b) Red
(c) Black (d) Violet
134. In interference experiment, monochromatic light is replaced by white light,
we will see
(a) Uniform illumination of screen
(b) Uniform darkness on the screen
(c) Equally spaced dark and white bands
(d) Few colored bands and then general illumination

Engineering Physics 18
135. A thin film is observed in white light. The color of the film seen at a
particular point depends upon
(a)Location of observer
(b)Width of the source
(c) Distance of the source
(d) Brightness of the source

136. In interference experiment, by keeping all other parameters constant, if

you see the thin film interference from different angles, you will observe
(a)Uniform illumination of screen
(b) Uniform darkness on the screen
(c) Equally spaced dark and white bands
(d) Few colored bands and then general illumination

137. A wedge shaped thin has

(a) Non-uniform thickness
(b) Zero thickness at one end and it increasing towards other end
(c) Zero thickness at both ends
(d) Thickness increase and decrease alternately

138. In wedge shaped film the interference pattern has nature

(a) Parallel to the end where thickness is non-zero
(b) Perpendicular to contact edge
(c) Parallel to contact edge
(d) Perpendicular to the end where thickness is non-zero

139. What is the nature of interference pattern at the contact edge of wedge
shaped film
(a) Always bright
(b) Always dark
(c) Bright or dark depending upon the thickness of other end
(d) Bright or dark depending upon the wavelength of the light

140. What is the nature of interference pattern for thin film of wedge shaped
(a) Concave outside (b) Convex outside
(b) Equally spaced (d) Concave inside

141. In thin film of wedge shaped, by keeping all other parameters constant, if
only wavelength of incident light is increased. What will be the effect on
Engineering Physics 19
 bandwidth?
(a) Bandwidth increases (b) Bandwidth decreases
(c) Bands will merge (d) There will not any effect

142. Interference pattern is observed in wedge-shaped film and bandwidth is

noted. Now the thin film is replaced by the film of higher refractive index.
What will be the effect on bandwidth?
(a) Bandwidth increases (b) Bandwidth decreases
(c) Bands will merge (d) There will not any effect

143. Interference pattern is observed in wedge-shaped film and bandwidth is

noted.
Now the angle of wedge is reduced. What will be the effect on bandwidth?
(a) Bandwidth increases (b) Bandwidth decreases
(c) Bands will disappear (d) There will not any effect

144. Interference pattern is observed in wedge-shaped film and bandwidth is

noted. Now the angle of wedge is reduced to zero. What will be the effect on
Bandwidth?
(a) Bandwidth increases (b) Bandwidth decreases
(c) Bands will disappear (d) There will not any effect

145. Interference pattern is observed in wedge-shaped film for monochromatic

light. Now monochromatic light is replaced by white light. What will be the
effect on interference pattern?
(a) It will turn to dark (b) It will turn to bright
(c) Bands will disappear (d) It will be a mixture of all colors

146. The Radius (or diameter) of dark rings in Newton’s rings is

(a) Directly proportional to the square root of odd numbers
(b) Inversely proportional to the square root of natural numbers
(c) Directly proportional to the square root of even numbers
(d) Directly proportional to the square root of natural numbers

147. The Radius (or diameter) of bright rings in Newton’s rings is

(a) Directly proportional to the square root of odd numbers
(b) Inversely proportional to the square root of natural numbers
(c) Directly proportional to the square root of even numbers
(d) Directly proportional to the square root of natural numbers
Engineering Physics 20
148. In Newton’s rings experiment, if monochromatic source of light is replaced
by another monochromatic source of higher wavelength. What will be the
effect on radius (or diameter)?
(a) Radius (or diameter) will decrease
(b) Radius (or diameter) will increase
(c) There will be no effect
(d) Radius (or diameter) will remain constant but there will be more
brightness

149. Newton’s rings experiment is performed with air gap between lens and plate.
Now that gap is filled with water. What will be effect on radius
(or diameter)?
(a) Radius (or diameter) will remain constant but there will be more
brightness
(b) Radius (or diameter) will increase
(c) Radius (or diameter) will decrease
(d) There will be no effect

150. Newton’s rings experiment is performed and radius (or diameter) is

calculated. Now Plano-convex lens is replaced with another Plano-convex
lens of greater Radius of curvature. What will be effect on radius (or
diameter)?
(a) Radius (or diameter) will remain constant but there will be more
brightness
(b) Radius (or diameter) will increase
(c) Radius (or diameter) will decrease
(d) There will be no effect

151. In case of thin film of non-uniform thickness, when illuminated with white
light, the film appears colored. This is due to change of what factor?
(a) Conditions for path difference at different points of film
(b) Change in optical path difference at different points of film
(c) Thickness of film is different at different points of film
(d) All of above

152. Newton’s light illustrate the phenomenon of

(a) Interference (b) Diffraction
(c) Dispersion (d) Polarisation

Engineering Physics 21
153. In Newton’s rings experiment, if we reduce the radius of curvature of Plano-
Convex lens to zero, what will be effect on Newton’s rings?
(a)They will become more bright
(b)They will become more dark
( c)They will disappear
(d) They will be more dense

154. Why in Newton’s rings setup, the beam splitter (mirror) is kept at 45 0?
(a) It allows light rays to incident at 450 over the top surface of Plano-
convex lens
(b) It allows light rays to incident uniformly over the top surface of Plano-
convex lens
(c) It allows light rays to incident parallel over the top surface of Plano-
convex lens
(d) It allows light rays to incident at 90 0 over the top surface of Plano-
convex lens

155. Newton’s rings are formed because of interference between the light
Reflected from
(a) Upper surface of Plano-convex lens and lower surface of plane glass
plate
(b) Lower surface of Plano-convex lens and upper surface of plane glass
plate
(c) Lower and upper surface of Plano-convex
(d) Lower and upper surfaces of plane glass plate

--------------------------------------------The End-------------------------------------

Engineering Physics 22
 1.

Engineering Physics 23