PART I – Multiple Choice.

Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer in each

item.

1. What is total internal reflection?

A. The reflection of light when it strikes a rough surface.
B. The reflection of light when it undergoes a change in wavelength.
C. The reflection of light when it passes from one medium to another.
D. The reflection of light when it encounters an interface with a lower refractive
index and all incident light is reflected back into the same medium.
2. Total internal reflection occurs when light waves are incident on a boundary and:
A. all of the light is absorbed by the boundary.
B. all of the light is transmitted through the boundary.
C. the angle of incidence is lesser than the critical angle.
D. the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle.
3. What is the critical angle in the context of total internal reflection?
A. The angle at which light is reflected when striking a rough surface.
B. The minimum angle of incidence for total internal reflection to occur.
C. The maximum angle of incidence for total internal reflection to occur.
D. The angle at which light is refracted when passing from one medium to another.
4. According to Snell’s Law, the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of
the angle of refraction is equal to:
A. the ratio of the refractive indices of the two media.
B. the ratio of the cosine of the angle of incidence to the cosine of the angle of
refraction.
C. the ratio of the tangent of the angle of incidence to the tangent of the angle of
refraction.
D. the ratio of the speed of light in the first medium to the speed of light in the
second medium.
5. When light travels from a medium with a higher refractive index to a medium with a
lower refractive index, the angle of refraction:
A. remains equal to the angle of incidence.
B. becomes larger than the angle of incidence.
C. becomes smaller than the angle of incidence.
D. cannot be determined from the given information.
6. Snell’s Law describes the relationship between the _______ angles and the refractive
indices of two media.
A. incident and reflected
B. incident and diffracted
C. incident and transmitted
D. reflected and transmitted
7. Snell’s Law describes the relationship between the angle of incidence and the angle
of refraction when light passes through:
A. lenses.
B. mirrors.
C. opaque materials.
D. transparent materials.
8. The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of
_______.
A. deviation
B. incidence
C. reflection
D. refraction
9. A light ray strikes a mirror at an angle of 30 ° with respect to the surface. What is the
angle of reflection?
A. 30 °
B. 45 °
C. 6 0 °
D. 9 0 °
10. A light ray strikes a plane mirror at an angle of 6 0 ° with respect to the normal. What
is the angle between the incident and reflected rays?
A. 30 °
B. 6 0 °
C. 12 0 °
D. 18 0 °
11. The bending of light waves during refraction is caused by a change in their _______.
A. frequency
B. intensity
C. polarization
D. speed
12. The refractive index of a transparent material is greater than 1. It implies that light
travels:
A. only in certain directions in the material.
B. faster in the material compared to a vacuum.
C. slower in the material compared to a vacuum.
D. at the same speed in the material as in a vacuum.
13. If the velocity of light in a medium is 2 ×108 m/s and the speed of light in a vacuum is
8
3 ×10 m/s , what is the refractive index of the medium?
A. 0.67
B. 0. 75
C. 1.33
 D. 1.50
14. A light ray travels from air to a medium with a refractive index of 1.50 . What is the
angle of refraction if the angle of incidence is 30 ° ?
A. 19.47 °
B. 30.00 °
C. 41 . 81°
D. 60.00 °
15. The focal length of a concave mirror is _______.
A. positive
B. negative
C. zero
D. undefined
16. In a concave mirror, when an object is placed beyond the center of curvature, the
image formed is:
A. real, inverted, and enlarged.
B. virtual, upright, and enlarged.
C. real, inverted, and diminished.
D. virtual, upright, and same size as the object.
17. In a concave mirror, when an object is placed between the focal point and the mirror,
the image formed:
A. real, inverted, enlarged.
B. virtual, upright, and enlarged.
C. real, inverted, and diminished.
D. virtual, upright, and same size as the object.
18. An object is placed 20 cm in front of a concave mirror with a focal length of 15 cm.
What is the position and nature of the image formed?
A. The image is formed at 1 0 cm in front of the mirror and is real.
B. The image is formed at 1 0 cm in front of the mirror and is virtual.
C. The image is formed at 3 0 cm in front of the mirror and is real.
D. The image is formed at 30 cm in front of the mirror and is virtual.
19. The focal length of a converging lens is _______.
A. positive
B. negative
C. zero
D. undefined
20. A diverging lens always produces a _______ image.
A. real and erect
B. virtual and erect
C. real and inverted
 D. virtual and inverted
21. When an object is placed beyond the focal point of a converging lens, the image
formed is:
A. real, inverted, and enlarged.
B. real, inverted, and diminished.
C. virtual, upright, and diminished.
D. virtual, upright, and same size as the object.
22. An object is placed 4 0 cm in front of a converging lens with a focal length of 2 0 cm.
What is the position and nature of the image formed?
A. The image is formed at 2 0 cm in front of the lens and is real.
B. The image is formed at 20 cm in front of the lens and is virtual.
C. The image is formed at 4 0 cm in front of the lens and is real.
D. The image is formed at 4 0 cm in front of the lens and is virtual.
23. The photoelectric effect refers to the phenomenon in which:
A. light is emitted when electrons collide with atoms.
B. light is absorbed when electrons collide with atoms.
C. electrons are emitted when light shines on a metal surface.
D. electrons are absorbed when light shines on a metal surface.
24. The photoelectric effect demonstrated that light behaves as:
A. waves.
B. particles.
C. both waves and particles.
D. neither waves nor particles.
25. The intensity (brightness) of light incident on a metal surface in the photoelectric
effect affects:
A. the speed of emitted electrons.
B. the energy of emitted electrons.
C. the number of emitted electrons.
D. the wavelength of emitted electrons.
26. The minimum energy required to eject an electron from a metal surface is referred to
as the:
A. threshold energy.
B. threshold potential.
C. threshold frequency.
D. threshold wavelength.
27. In the photoelectric effect, the kinetic energy of the emitted electrons depends on
the:
A. intensity of incident light.
B. frequency of incident light.
 C. work function of the metal.
D. wavelength of incident light.
28. Increasing the frequency of incident light in the photoelectric effect will result in:
A. more electrons being emitted.
B. fewer electrons being emitted.
C. more energetic emitted electrons.
D. no effect on the number of emitted electrons.
29. If the intensity of incident light is doubled in the photoelectric effect, what happens
to the number of emitted electrons?
A. The number of emitted electrons doubles.
B. The number of emitted electrons decreases.
C. The number of emitted electrons quadruples.
D. The number of emitted electrons remains the same.
30. In the photoelectric effect, electrons are emitted:
A. after a certain time as light hits the metal surface.
B. instantaneously as soon as light hits the metal surface.
C. continuously as long as light is incident on the metal surface.
D. None of the choices

PART II – Problem-Solving. Solve the following problems and show your solutions.

31-40. A diffraction grating is illuminated with a monochromatic light of wavelength 600 nm.
The first-order maximum is observed at an angle of 30 ° . Calculate the distance between the
adjacent bright fringes on a screen placed 2 m away from the grating.

−6
d=0.0000012m=1.2 ×10 m=1.2 μm
y=1 m

41-50. Derive the formula for time dilation, considering the illustration below.
 t0
t=

√
2
v
1− 2
c