Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) [1 mark each]

What is the primary function of DNA ligase in genetic engineering?

a) Transcription
b) Translation
c) DNA replication
d) Joining DNA fragments

Which of the following techniques is used for separating DNA fragments based on their size?
a) PCR
b) Southern blotting
c) Gel electrophoresis
d) Plasmid isolation

Which of the following is an example of a selectable marker used in recombinant DNA technology?
a) Green fluorescent protein (GFP)
b) Ampicillin resistance gene
c) EcoRI restriction enzyme
d) DNA polymerase

What is the purpose of a "vector" in genetic engineering?

a) To amplify DNA fragments
b) To clone genes
c) To denature DNA
d) To digest DNA

Which enzyme is used to create complementary DNA (cDNA) from mRNA?

a) DNA ligase
b) DNA polymerase
c) Reverse transcriptase
d) Restriction endonuclease

Section B: Short Answer Questions (SAQs) [2 marks each]

Define biotechnology and briefly explain its significance in various fields.

What is the role of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering? Provide an example.

Explain the process of gel electrophoresis and its application in DNA analysis.

Differentiate between the terms "plasmid" and "vector" in recombinant DNA technology.

Describe the importance of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in biotechnology.

Section C: Long Answer Questions (LAQs) [5 marks each]

Discuss the steps involved in the construction of a recombinant DNA molecule. Provide examples to illustrate.

Explain the principle of the Southern blotting technique. How is it used to detect specific DNA sequences?

Describe the steps involved in the production of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Discuss both advantages and
disadvantages.

Discuss the concept of insertional activation and its role in the study of gene regulation.

Section D: Diagram-Based Questions (5 marks each)

Draw a labeled diagram of gel electrophoresis setup, showing the movement of DNA fragments through the gel.

Create a flowchart illustrating the steps involved in the production of a genetically modified plant.
Remember to manage your time efficiently during the 30-minute test. Good luck!