GS Vol 3

Reference No.
83140 55626
PDM−Version B
SOAC
ILS 420
Instrument Landing System
Glide Path 422
Technical Manual
Part 3
Imaging Arrays Antenna System
1F: 0−Reference, B−Type; 2F: M−Type
As for details, the electrical and mechanical information given in the

documentation supplied with each equipment prevails
All rights reserved

E 2005
Thales ATM GmbH
Stuttgart
Printed in Germany
NAVAIDS 400
Conventional Navaids Documentation Structure
GP 422
The equipment documentation comprises:
Part Technical Manuals Code No.

1 Equipment Description 83140 55625
2 Operation and Maintenance
3 Antenna Systems 83140 55626
Volume Drawing Set Code No.
Ed. 01.04 SOAC

ILS 420 GP 422
Antenna System Description Preliminary Remarks
PRELIMINARY REMARKS
The equipment manuals for ILS Glide Path 422 (1F and 2F versions) comprise:
PART CONTENTS CODE NO.

1 Equipment Description 83140 55625
2 Operation and Maintenance
3 Antenna System Description 83140 55626
This Technical Manual Part 3 includes the Antenna System Description for the dipole array system
with the chapters below:
1 General Information
2 Antenna Description
3 Antenna Installation
4 Antenna Alignment 1F
5 Antenna Alignment 2F
The information in this manual deals with both GP−1F and −2F antenna versions. Where necessary
the descriptions are separated for the 1F−specific and the 2F−specific antennas.
Since it is not possible to include modifications, such as those which may be made to circuitry details
or dimensioning in the interests of technical progress, in the Technical Manual, we should point out
that questions of detail should always be answered using the technical documentation supplied with
the system. It is possible that drawing numbers used in this description are no longer contained in
the set of drawings supplied (GP−1F (2F) , Volume A to B (C)), but rather than (to conform with the
system) they have been replaced by new drawings with another number. Please carry out a once−on-
ly check on the basis of delivery list supplied and exchange where appropriate.
Description and use of the PC User Program will be found in the Technical Manual ADRACS, Code
No. 83140 55324.
MARK SYMBOLS
To get the best out of the navigation systems you should study the contents of this manual carefully.
In particular you should familiarize yourself with the marks given in this manual which are highlighted
for easy recognition:
CAUTION WARNING
Cautions call attention to methods Warnings call attention to methods,

and procedures which must be procedures or limits which must be
followed to avoid damage to followed precisely to avoid injury to
equipment. persons.
NOTE or REMARK : For more information about operations.
Ed. 01.04 SOAC A

GP 422 ILS 420
Preliminary Remarks Antenna System Description
Table of effective pages

Basic edition: 01.04 / Revised: 06.05
Pages Ed. Remarks
Title 06.05
A 01.04
B 06.05
I to to VI 01.04
1−1 to 8 01.04
2−1 to 2 10.04
2−3 to 9 01.04
2−10 10.04
2−11 to 15 01.04
2−16 10.04
2−17 to 20 01.04
3−1 to 10 01.04
3−11 10.04
3−12 01.04
3−13 06.05
3−14 to 18 01.04
3−19 10.04
3−20 06.05
3−21 to 22 01.04
3−23 10.04
3−24 to 28 01.04
3−29 to 34 06.05
4−1 to 2 01.04
5−1 to 2 01.04
Trademarks: Microsoft and MS−DOS are registered trademarks, WINDOWS is a trademark of the Microsoft Corporation. IBM is a registered trademark of the International
Business Machines Corporation. Pentium is a registered trademark of the Intel Corporation. All other mentioned product names may be trademarks of the
respective manufacturers and must be observed.
Note Despite of careful editing work technical inaccuracies and printing faults cannot be excluded in this publication. Change of text remains reserved without notification.
B SOAC Ed. 06.05

ILS 420 GP 422
Antenna System Description Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Title Page
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1−1

1.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1−1
1.1.1 Overview GP Antenna System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1−1
1.1.1.1 Radiation Patterns of Glide Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1−2
1.2 TECHNICAL DATA OF GLIDE PATH ANTENNA SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1−7
1.2.1 General Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1−7
1.2.2 Electrical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1−7
1.2.3 Nearfield Dipole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1−7
1.3 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1−8
CHAPTER 2 ANTENNA DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−1

2.1 GP−1F ANTENNA SYSTEMS (0−REFERENCE AND B−TYPE) . . . . . . . . . . 2−1
2.1.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−1
2.1.2 Antenna Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−2
2.1.3 Antenna System Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−5
2.1.3.1 Dipole Antenna Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−5
2.1.3.2 Nearfield Dipole (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−7
2.2 GP−2F ANTENNA SYSTEM (M−TYPE, ACTIVE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−9
2.2.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−9
2.2.2 Antenna Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−10
2.3 GP−2F ANTENNA SYSTEM (M−TYPE, STANDARD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−15
2.3.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−15
2.3.2 Antenna Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−16
CHAPTER 3 ANTENNA INSTALLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−1

3.1 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−1
3.2 STORING AND PACKAGING THE ANTENNAS AND ACCESSORIES . . . . . . 3−1
3.3 GENERAL INSTALLATION INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−3
3.3.1 Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−3
3.3.1.1 General Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−3
Ed. 01.04 SOAC I

GP 422 ILS 420
Table of Contents Antenna System Description
Section Title Page

3.3.1.2 Precautionary Measures against Damage caused by Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−3
3.3.1.3 Equipment Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−3
3.3.2 Personnel Requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−4
3.3.3 Tools and Special Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−4
3.4 DETERMINING THE INSTALLATION SITE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−5
3.4.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−5
3.4.2 Location of the GP Antenna Mast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−7
3.4.2.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−7
3.5 FOUNDATIONS AND CABLE TRENCHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−9
3.5.1 Foundations of Antenna Mast and Monitor Dipole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−9
3.5.2 Cable Trenches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−10
3.5.3 Location and Construction of the Reflection Surface for opt. Monitor . . . 3−11
3.6 ANTENNA INSTALLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−13
3.6.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−13
3.6.2 Building−up the Antenna Mast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−13
3.6.3 Antenna Installation and Cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−16
3.6.3.1 Mounting Height of the Dipole Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−17
3.6.3.2 Displacement of the Dipole Antenna Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−18
3.6.3.3 Turn around of Dipole Antenna Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−19
3.6.3.4 Cabling of Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−19
3.6.3.5 Obstruction Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−19
3.6.4 Additional works for DME antenna mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−19
3.6.5 Erecting the assembled Antenna Mast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−20
3.6.6 Alignment of the Mast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−20
3.6.7 Installation of the Monitor Dipole (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−21
3.6.7.1 Determination of Installation Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−21
3.6.7.2 Installation of Monitor Dipole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−22
3.6.8 Check after Antenna Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−23
3.7 GROUNDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−25
3.7.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−25
3.7.2 Strip or mesh Ground Conductors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−25
3.7.3 Ground Rods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−26
3.7.4 Ground Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−26
3.7.5 Estimating the Ground Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−26
3.7.6 Measuring the Ground Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−27
CHAPTER 4 FIRST SETUP GP−1F ANTENNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−1
4.1 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−1
II SOAC Ed. 01.04

ILS 420 GP 422
Section Title Page
4.2 CHECK OF ANTENNA INSTALLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−1

4.2.1 Antenna Height Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−1
4.2.2 Antenna Offset Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−1
4.2.3 Antenna Mast Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−1
4.3 DETERMINING THE MONITOR LOCATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−1
CHAPTER 5 FIRST SETUP GP−2F ANTENNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−1

5.1 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−1
5.2 CHECK OF ANTENNA INSTALLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−1
5.2.1 Antenna Height Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−1
5.2.2 Antenna Offset Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−1
5.2.3 Antenna Mast Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−1
5.2.4 Antenna Turn−around Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−1
5.3 DETERMINING THE MONITOR LOCATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−1
Ed. 01.04 SOAC III

GP 422 ILS 420
IV SOAC Ed. 01.04

ILS 420 GP 422
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig.−No. Title Page
Fig. 1−1 Radiation pattern for GP−1F (null reference), principle view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1−3
Fig. 1−2 Composite vertical radiation pattern of GP−1F, null reference . . . . . . . . . . . . 1−3
Fig. 1−3 Composite vertical radiation pattern for GP−1F, B−Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1−3
(sideband reference)
Fig. 1−4 Radiation pattern for GP−2F (M−type) compared with GP−1F, . . . . . . . . . . 1−4
principle view
Fig. 1−5 Vertical radiation patterns GP−2F M−type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1−5
Fig. 2−1 Arrangement of GP−1F antenna system components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−1
Fig. 2−2 Special features of the reflecting area of a B−type antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−2
Fig. 2−3 GP antenna masts, design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−3
Fig. 2−4 GP antenna system with 2 dipole antenna arrays (example) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−4
Fig. 2−5 Dipole antenna array of GP, circuit diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−6
Fig. 2−6 Radiation pattern of a dipole antenna array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−6
Fig. 2−7 Monitor dipole for GP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−7
Fig. 2−8 Arrangement of GP−2F (active) antenna system components . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−9
Fig. 2−10 GP antenna mast, design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−11
Fig. 2−11 Dipole antenna array of GP, view and circuit diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−13
Fig. 2−13 Nearfield dipole for GP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−14
Fig. 2−14 Arrangement of GP−2F (standard) antenna system components . . . . . . . . . 2−15
Fig. 2−16 GP antenna mast, design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−17
Fig. 2−17 Dipole antenna array of GP, view and circuit diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−19
Fig. 2−19 Nearfield dipole for GP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−20
Fig. 3−1 GP dipole array, components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−2
Fig. 3−2 GP antenna mast, components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−2
Fig. 3−3 Typical installation site GP−1F (0−reference) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−5
Fig. 3−4 Typical installation site GP−1F (B−type) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−6
Fig. 3−5 Typical installation site GP−2F (M−type) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−6
Fig. 3−6 Sketch for calculation of the distance between threshold and antenna mast 3−7
Fig. 3−7 Distance landing threshold and transmitter mast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−8
(guiding values for flat terrain)
Fig. 3−8 Example of a data sheet of a GP−2F site, calculated with a special . . . . . . 3−8
program (AXIS)
Ed. 01.04 SOAC V

GP 422 ILS 420
Fig.−No. Title Page
Fig. 3−9 Foundation drawing for GP antenna mast (for information only) . . . . . . . . . . 3−9
Fig. 3−10 Foundation drawing for monitor dipole GP−1F 0−Ref., GP−2F M−Type . . 3−9
(for information only)
Fig. 3−11 Foundation drawing for theodolite platform and monitor dipole . . . . . . . . . . 3−10
GP−1F, B−Type (for information only)
Fig. 3−12 Cross−section of a typical cable trench . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−10
Fig. 3−13 GP−1F, 0−Ref. and GP−2F, M−Type, typical reflection surface . . . . . . . . . . 3−11
Fig. 3−14 GP−1F, B−Type, typical reflector surface (for information only) . . . . . . . . . . . 3−11
Fig. 3−15 GP−installation ( example) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−14
Fig. 3−16 Fasten the base frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−15
Fig. 3−17 Mast mounting, example 3 mast sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−15
Fig. 3−18 Mounting of antenna supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−16
Fig. 3−19 Mounting of dipole arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−16
Fig. 3−20 Dipole mounting heights for GP−1F (0−reference), guiding values . . . . . . . 3−17
for flat terrain
Fig. 3−21 Dipole mounting heights for GP−1F (B−type), guiding values . . . . . . . . . . . 3−17
for flat terrain
Fig. 3−22 Dipole mounting and mast heights for GP−2F (M−type), guiding values . . 3−18
for flat terrain
Fig. 3−23 DME−antenna AAN 88 (standard) and AAN 96 (option), mounting overview 3−19
Fig. 3−24 Mounting the supports for GP−2F M−Type mast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−20
Fig. 3−25 Installation site of the monitor dipole with GP−1F (0−reference), . . . . . . . . 3−21
guiding values
Fig. 3−26 Installation site of the monitor dipole with GP−2F (M−type), . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−21
guiding values
Fig. 3−27 Installation of monitor dipoles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−22
Fig. 3−28 Different types of ground conductor configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−25
Fig. 3−29 Example of ground of a GP installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−27
Fig. 3−30 System cabling GP−1F (0−reference, B−Type) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−29
Fig. 3−31 System cabling GP−2F (M−Type active) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−31
Fig. 3−32 System cabling GP−2F (M−Type standard) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−33
VI SOAC Ed. 01.04

ILS 420 GP 422
Antenna System Description General
CHAPTER 1
GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
This part of the Technical Manual for Glide Path describes the dipole array antenna system for 1F and
2F Glide Paths. It contains a technical description and the installation of this antenna system. All Infor-
mation for first setup is contained in the Part 2 of the Technical Manual for the Glide Path. The quality
of the navigation signals to be interpreted in the airborne receiver, and in particular the smooth course
observed during the descent of the glide path, is to a large extent a function of the topography and
the freedom from obstructions of the terrain preceding the airfield.
The equipment versions supplied enable the influence of unfavorable terrain conditions to be elimi-
nated on account of special antenna configurations and the manner in which the RF signal is supplied
to the antenna system. The versions available are as follows:
− GLIDE PATH 1F, 0−TYPE, null reference method (single frequency version)
Used when the terrain in front of the GP antenna is even and not sloping.
− GLIDE PATH 1F, B−TYPE, sideband method (single frequency version)
Advantageous for moderate sloping and short terrain in front of the antenna.
− GLIDE PATH 2F, M−TYPE, capture effect method (dual frequency version)
Advantageous for severe sloping and short terrain in front of the antenna.
1.1.1 Overview GP Antenna System

The ILS−GP installation includes the following basic components and accessories:
− Antenna system
The GP antenna is installed approx. 286...344 m beyond the runway threshold and 120...180 m
from the runway centre line. An optional nearfield dipole is installed in the GP radiation sector for
monitoring the COURSE POSN. of the GP signal. The position of the dipole depends on the type
of installation (0−reference, B−type, or M−Type) and on the local conditions as regards the glide
angle. The GP transmitter building (shelter) is installed in the vicinity of the GP antenna.
− Cable set
− Grounding
The 1F antenna system (refer to Section 2.1) including optional nearfield dipole is connected via 5
coaxial cables to the transmitter cabinet in the shelter: RF signal to antennas A1/A2, RF feedback
signal from antennas A1/A2 and optional nearfield dipole.
Power components, which are combined in the Stby and On−Air Combiner (SOAC) to form farfield−
identical signals, are obtained via the coupling probe integrated in each dipole antenna element. The
resulting signals "Course position" (POSN.), "Course width" (WIDTH), and nearfield (NEARF., if avail-
able) are supplied via the SOAC to the monitor system. Their DDM values are proportionate to the
signal which would be supplied by a farfield dipole. The SOAC and the monitor system are housed
in the transmitter cabinet.
The 2F antenna system (refer to Section 2.2) including the optional nearfield dipole is connected via
7 coaxial cables to the transmitter cabinet in the shelter: RF signal to antennas A1/A2/A3, RF feedback
signal from antennas A1/A2/A3 and the optional nearfield dipole. Power components, which are com-
bined in the SOAC to form farfield−identical signals, are obtained via the coupling probe integrated
in each dipole antenna element.
Ed. 01.04 SOAC 1−1

GP 422 ILS 420
General Antenna System Description
The resulting signals "Course position" (POSN.), "Course width" (WIDTH), Clearance (CLEAR.) and
nearfield (NEARF., if available) are supplied via the SOAC to the monitor system. Their DDM values
are proportionate to the signal which would be supplied by a farfield dipole. SOAC and the monitor
system are housed in the transmitter cabinet. The RF signals to supply the antennas A1, A2, A3 are
processed in an appropriate way in power adders which are also housed in the transmitter cabinet.
A weather independent and electrically stable reflector surface should be between the GP antenna
and the optional nearfield monitor. This can be realized by a lay−out of an electrically conducting
grid−type reflector (e.g. welded construction−steel web). With B−type installations (GP−1F) special
attention has to be drawn to the design of the reflecting area due to the short distance of the monitor
above the reflection area.
1.1.1.1 Radiation Patterns of Glide Path
See Fig. 1−1 to 1−5.
The radiation patterns of the Glide Path are generated with specific antenna types, containing a small
number of arrays, which are so excited with the carrier sideband signal (CSB), the sideband only sig-
nal (SBO) and in case of a 2F−installation with a clearance signal as to generate the specified DDM
and coverage performance. The arrays can be described as broadside linear arrays of dipoles above
a reflection area in front of the antenna. The dipoles are equally excited in order to generate a broad-
side symmetrical beam in azimuth and elevation. The CSB−signal contains the carrier and the modu-
lation signals (+90 Hz/+150 Hz) both in phase to the carrier. The SBO−signal contains only the mod-
ulation signals in opposite phase to each other (−90 Hz/+150 Hz). The clearance signal for the 2F−
installation contains the carrier signal, which is 8 kHz offset to the carrier frequency of the course sig-
nal and which is amplitude modulated with 150 Hz by 55 % and with 90 Hz by 25 % resulting in a DDM
of 30 % and a SDM of 80 %. The radiated signals including the reflection on the ground plane in front
of the antenna are vectorial added in the farfield to provide the linear DDM within the glide path sector.
The signal in space can only be used operationally within an elevation of 1.75 x as specified by ICAO,
Annex10, since above this elevation field strength minima or false courses may exist. The amplitude
of the carrier signal is determined by the coverage of the Glide Path system, whereas the amplitude
of the SBO signal corresponds to the sensitivity of the DDM versus elevation and defines the width
of the glide path sector. The width decreases with increasing SBO.
NOTE:
The CSB signal is basically defined as having DDM= 0 %. In the Glide Path installations B−Type and M−Type, antennas A1
or A1 and A2 however radiate CSB signals with a DDM 0 %. These signals are generated by the addition of SBO signal com-
ponents. Using the so called active Glide Path the SBO signal components are generated directly by the modulator subassem-
blies (MODPA GP). Therefore the power divider network can be ommitted for B−Type and simplified for the M−Type.
V Glide Path 1F, 0−Type (null reference)

This antenna system is used when the reflection zone in front of the antenna is ideal, e.g. the terrain
is even for a distance of 1000 m, the slopes of the terrain are small and no obstructions, buildings
or hills are visible above 0.2° elevation. The RF radiated via the two dipole antennas A1 and A2 results
in a range where only the CSB signal with 90 and 150 Hz amplitude modulation can be received. The
exact centre of this CSB signal corresponds to DDM 0, and represents the glide path. This method
is known as the null reference method (see Fig. 1−1).
The antenna contains two arrays of antennas (A1, A2) positioned at a height of approximately h and
2h above the ground (see Fig. 1−2). The lower array A1 is excited with CSB. The upper array A2 is
excited with SBO, where the 150 Hz modulation phase is equal to that of the CSB signal. The height
of A1 above the mean reflection area in front of the antenna is arranged so as to provide a first field
strength maximum, whilst the height of A2 is arranged so as to provide a field strength minimum due
to ground reflections in the direction of the nominal glide path angle .
1−2 SOAC Ed. 01.04

ILS 420 GP 422
Ä GS 1F−antenna SBO CSB DDM 0
Ä A2
Ä
Ä
Ä
A1
Glide path angle
Ä
ÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇ

Fig. 1−1 Radiation pattern for GP−1F (null reference), principle view
Glide angle
Field strength
CSB
A2
SBO +150 − 150
A1 +90 − 90
A1
CSB A2 SBO
− 150
ÄÄÄ
h +150 − 150 +150
+90 − 90 +90
− 90
Fig. 1−2
ÄÄÄ 0° 3°
Composite vertical radiation pattern of GP−1F, null reference
6° 9° 12°
Elevation
V Glide Path 1F, B−Type (sideband reference)

In case of terrain which does not comply with the guidelines for installation of a 1F standard system
(0−reference), e.g. terrain which is falling or too short, a B−Type installation is used. Due to the lower
height of the arrays and the resulting smaller Fresnel−zones the B−Type requires a smaller reflection
zone in front of the antenna. Compared with the 0−reference, the distortions due to uneven ground
or slopes of the terrain or obstructions in front of the antenna are reduced by 20 ... 30 %. However,
the system is more sensitive to changing weather conditions. Local geographical conditions such as
groundwater fluctuations or heavy snowfalls must be taken into consideration. It is possible to convert
a 1F standard installation to a B−type installation.
The antenna contains two arrays of antennas (A1, A2) positioned at a height of approx. 0.5h and 1.5h
above the ground (Fig. 1−3). The lower array A1 is excited with the CSB (+90 Hz/+150 Hz) and, in
addition to the 0−reference antenna, the SBO signal (+90 Hz/−150 Hz), where the modulation is op-
posite in phase to the SBO signal (−90 Hz/+150 Hz) exciting the upper array A2.
Field strength
Glide angle first

False course
CSB
+150
+90
− 150 SBO
A2 +90
SBO A1
+150 +150
− 90 − 90
A1 A2 − 150
− 150 +90
CSB +90
h SBO (180°)
ÄÄÄ
+150 +150
− 90 − 90
0° 3° 6° 9° 12° Elevation
Fig. 1−3 Composite vertical radiation pattern for GP−1F, B−Type (sideband reference)
Ed. 01.04 SOAC 1−3

GP 422 ILS 420
The height above the mean reflection area in front of A1 is arranged so as to provide a first field
strength maximum due to ground reflections in the direction of two times the nominal glide path angle,
the height of A2 is arranged so as to provide a field strength maximum due to ground reflections in
the direction of 0.33. Both SBO signals provide in space a minimum of the field strength in the direc-
tion of the glide path angle. To provide the distribution of the SBO signal on the two arrays and the
addition of the CSB signal and the SBO signal on the lower array a specific power divider network
is required for the B−Type installation.
V Glide Path 2F, M−Type
In case of relief (e.g. rising terrain) or obstructions in the apron of the antennas there is a risk that the
glide path angle information of the GP−1F 0−Type or B−Type method will be impaired as a result
of reflections (Fig. 1−4/1). The drawback by the terrain ahead which causes this reflection can be
eliminated by means of lower radiation of the SBO−signal in direction of low elevation angles (Fig.
1−4/2). The glide path angle (SBO null) must be maintained the same as with normal radiation in ac-
cordance with the local glide path angle specifications (typical 2.5 ... 3°). In order to compensate the
field strength deficiency below the glide angle a "clearance" signal, the carrier of which is spaced at
about 8 kHz from the course carrier, is radiated in addition. This clearance signal mainly serves to
cover low elevation angles in the farfield. Any signal components reflected on the glide path as a result
of obstructions in the nearfield do not impair the quality of the glide angle, since they are faded out
by the airborne receiver by means of the "capture effect" on the basis of the differing field strengths.
This method is used by the GP−2F (also known as the GP M−type).
1) Distorted GP−1F signal caused by influence of terrain 2) Elimination of the distortion by using a GP−2F M−type
Ä
Glide slope
Clearance
roughness
Ä
Non distorted SBO M
glide slope signal A3 CSBM
ÄÄ Ä
DDM 0
SBO CSB
ÉÉÉÉÉ Ä ÉÉÉÉÉ
A2 DDM 0 Reflected signal A2
ÄÄ A1
ÉÉÉÉÉ Ä ÉÉÉÉÉ A1
ÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÉÉÉÉÉ Ä
ÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇ
ÉÉÉÉÉ
ÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇ
GP−1F antenna ÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇ Glide path angle GP−2F antenna Glide path angle
Fig. 1−4 Radiation pattern for GP−2F (M−type) compared with GP−1F, principle view
The antenna contains three arrays of antennas (A1, A2, A3) positioned at heights of approx. h, 2h and
3h above the ground (Fig. 1−5). Arrays A1 and A2 are excited with CSB, where the CSB−signal on
A2 is excited normally in opposite phase and with half the signal strength (−6 dB) compared to A1.
Arrays A3, A1 and A2 are excited with SBO, where the SBO−signal of A1, A3 is normally opposite
in phase to A2. The 150 Hz modulation phase of the SBO−signal in A1/A3 is equal to that of the CSB−
signal in A2. The amplitude of the SBO−excitation of A1 and A3 is normally 6 dB smaller compared
with the excitation on A2. The heights of the arrays above the mean reflection area in front of the anten-
na are arranged so as to provide first field strength maxima due to ground reflections in the direction
of the nominal Glide Path angle for A1, half of the nominal Glide Path angle for A2 and 0.33 of the
nominal glide path angle for A3.
The free−space patterns of the CSB and the SBO are lifted in elevation and hence, compared to the
0−Type or B−Type, less energy is directed to the ground resulting in less sensitivity to irregularities
1−4 SOAC Ed. 01.04

ILS 420 GP 422
of terrain and obstructions. However, the low energy radiated at low elevation angles would limit the
coverage and sufficient "Fly up" information at low elevation angles. Therefore in addition to the
course signals a clearance signal with DDM=−30 % of equal phase and amplitude is radiated with
the upper and lower subarrays A1 and A3. The clearance free space pattern has a maximum at 1.2°.
It is modulated with 55 % of 150 Hz and 25 % of 90 Hz thus resulting in a DDM of −30 %. Due to the
capture effect at low elevation angles where the clearance signal dominates the course signal and
the coverage and indicated DDM is determined by the clearance. In the area of the glide path angle
the clearance has a minimum which is supported also by the ground reflections as well as at higher
elevation angles the course signal is dominating so that in upper elevations the clearance has no influ-
ence. Although the heights of the arrays are larger than the 0−or B−Type systems, the M−Type re-
quires the smallest reflection zone in front of the antenna. Compared with the 0−Type the distortions
due to uneven ground or slopes of the terrain or obstructions in front of the antenna are estimated
to be reduced by 50...80 %.
V Glide Path 2F, M−Type (active)

In the active GP−version, the course signals on A1, A2, A3, which are combined in the standard ver-
sion as described with a power divider, are generated directly by the transmitter via the correspondent
modulators with an appropriate setting. The such generated RF−signals CSB1 (with DDM=12 %) for
A1, CSB2 (with DDM=48 %) for A2 and SBO for A3 are then available for radiation. The clearance
signal generated by the 2F−transmitter is added in a simple power divider to CSB1 and SBO. The
composite signal is supplied to antenna arrays A1 and A3. CSB2 supplies directly antenna array A2.
Glide angle
DDM= 12 %
Field strength
< 12 % >12 %
+150
+90
CSB
A1 +150
+90
RF signals
− 150 A2 +150
GP standard GP active − 90 +90
A3
SBO (+180 °) SBO (+180 °)
CLEAR. CLEAR. 0° 3° 6° Elevation
A2 Glide angle
− 150
SBO
+90 diagram of GP standard
CSB (+180 °) CSB2 (48 % DDM)* active GP: only A3 (SBO)
SBO
+150 − 150
A1 − 90 +90
CSB
SBO (+180 °)
CSB1 (12 % DDM)* A2
CLEAR.
CLEAR. +150 − 150
− 90 +90
h A1
− 150 +150 − 150
ÄÄÄ
+90 A3 − 90 +90
Elevation
0° 3° 6°
Glide angle
+150 +150
+150 A1 CLEAR.
+150 +150
− 150
A3
0° 3° 6° Elevation
Fig. 1−5 Vertical radiation patterns GP−2F M−type
Ed. 01.04 SOAC 1−5

GP 422 ILS 420
Due to the superposition of the signal components of A1 (CSB1 with 12 %) and A2 (CSB2 with 48 %)
an elevation dependent DDM of <12 % results below the glide angle and a DDM of >12 % results
above the glide angle. The null of A2 is at the glide angle itself. This means that A1 with CSB1 and
12 % DDM and the SBO signal of A3 are effective here. The SBO signal of A3 is adjusted in amplitude
and phase so that it compensates the SBO component included in CSB1. Thus the result is a DDM=
0 % at the glide angle.
1−6 SOAC Ed. 01.04

ILS 420 GP 422
1.2 TECHNICAL DATA OF GLIDE PATH ANTENNA SYSTEM
1.2.1 General Characteristics
Type of antennas 1F, 0−type (0−Reference)

1F, B−type (Sideband reference)
2F, M−type (dual frequency)
Mechanical design Dipole antenna arrays mounted to a aluminium

lattice mast consisting of sections with a height of
3.5 m each
Mast section dimensions (WxHxD) 450 x 3500 x 650 [mm]
Mast height (incl. obstruction lights): 0−type approx. 11250 mm , e.g. 3 mast sections
B−type approx. 7750 mm , e.g. 2 mast section
M−type approx. 14750 mm, e.g. 4 mast sections, guyed
Positioning of dipole antenna arrays Infinitely variable for setting the appropriate glide
path angle
Number of dipole antenna arrays 2 for 0−type and B−type
3 for M−type
Dimensions of dipole antenna array (WxHxD) 2000 x 500 x 250 [mm] (incl. angle brackets)
Weight of dipole antenna array approx. 20 kg

Weather protection of dipole antenna array Fibre glass−reinforced polyester cover
Max. wind velocity Operational 160 km/h, subarrays can resist wind
speeds up to 200 km/h without damage
Ice load up to 50 mm
1.2.2 Electrical Data

Dipole antenna array horizontally polarized half−wave dipoles
Half−power beamwidth horizontal=25°; vertical=80°
Front to back ratio 12 dB
Integral monitor Signals coupled out by each dipole antenna array

are combined by an integral network to form
farfield−equivalent signals
Coupling of integral monitor 30 dB
1.2.3 Nearfield Dipole
Dipole type Horizontally polarized half−wave dipole for

reception of glide path course DDM=0
Front to back ratio 9 dB
Half−power beam width Horizontal=80°
Dipole mast height (incl. obstruction light) approx. 6400 mm
Height of dipole antenna mounting Corresponding to glide path angle
Ed. 01.04 SOAC 1−7

GP 422 ILS 420
1.3 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
During thunderstorms work outside the shelter or on the antenna system is not allowed due to the
risk of lightning.
In addition to the above−mentioned instructions for avoiding damage and injury, locally valid safety
regulations should always be observed.
1−8 SOAC Ed. 01.04

ILS 420 GP 422
Antenna System Description GP−1F Antenna System
CHAPTER 2
ANTENNA DESCRIPTION
2.1 GP−1F ANTENNA SYSTEMS (0−Reference and B−Type)
2.1.1 Overview
A GP−1F antenna installation (0−reference and B−type) comprises:
− 2 dipole antenna arrays
− Nearfield dipole for POSN. (optional)
− Antenna mast
Ä
Antenna
SBO
Ä
(B−type: SBO, USB)
Ä
Ä
A2
Ä
Ä CSB
Ä
(B−type: CSB+SBO,LSB)
Ä
Nearfield dipole
(optional)
Ä
A1
Ä
Ä
ÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇ
POSN.
Stby and On−Air Combiner
POSN. WIDTH NEARF.
INTFC
CSB SBO
transmitter
transmitter cabinet
Station shelter
Fig. 2−1 Arrangement of GP−1F antenna system components
Ed. 10.04
01.04 SOAC 2−1
GP 422 ILS 420
GP−1F Antenna System Antenna System Description
2.1.2 Antenna Design

See Fig. 2−2, 2−3, 2−4.
The GP antenna comprises a lattice mast with two dipole antenna arrays A1 and A2. The mast with
the dimensions (W x D) 450 x 650 [mm] is rectangular and can be mounted by means of stirrups. The
mast is divided in sections of 3.50 m in length each, and can be adapted to meet local requirements.
Each mast section comprises 4 bars connected together via struts and butt straps by means of rivets
and screws. It is made of aluminium ALMgSi, the steel parts are galvanized and all screw connections
are made of steel V2A. The base frame is made of welded steel profiles. It contains forked bolts which
enable the mast to be tilted. The mast tip is made of welded U−profiles. It includes 2 deflection rollers
made of polyamide for an auxiliary guy wire when installing the antenna dipoles, and 2 obstacle lights.
The antenna mounting for the dipole array is a buckled C−profile which allows a horizontal adjust-
ment of the dipole array by around ±350 mm. The C−profile is mounted at a vertical tube 1 m long
which is fixed to the mast by cross−strucks. With the vertical tube a fine vertical adjustment of the
antenna array is possible. In addition the height of the complete frame can be adjusted in steps of
500 mm. The mast is painted in red and white for 1.75 m alternately.
The two dipole antenna arrays A1 and A2 have a horizontal polarization and an identical design with
the dimensions (H x W x D) 500 x 2000 x 250 [mm]; they are mounted above one another and slightly
offset. In the case of the B−type antenna, antenna arrays A1 and A2 are mounted in a lower position
than with the null reference installation. The dipole radiator elements and the coupling probes for the
monitor are accommodated in a housing with a polyester, glass fibre cover to protect them against
the weather. They remain operational, even in case of substantial formation of ice. Atmospheric dis-
charges are eliminated reliably, since all metal parts of the antenna are connected to ground. The
characteristics of the antenna arrays vary in accordance with the apron of the GP antenna.
The reflector surface in front of the GP 0−type antenna consists of a welded construction−steel web
which is embedded in gravel and which must be grounded. If desired, the construction−steel web
can also be embedded in asphalt, concrete or similar. The use of structural steel mesh is not manda-
tory. Depending on the local conditons it may be determined during site survey, if it is recommended
or necessary. The design shown in Fig. 2−2 for a reflector surface for a B−type installation applies
to particularly difficult terrain conditions. Normally, a design as used for 0− reference is sufficient.
approx. 20.0 m
1 3
1 2
3
8m
ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ
ÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂ 0.3 m
2m
ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ
ÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂ 1 GS−antenna mast (B−type)
Area accessible 2 Lattice (welded wire mesh)
to foot traffic 3 Post for nearfield monitor dipole
Fig. 2−2 Special features of the reflecting area of a B−type antenna
2−2 SOAC Ed. 10.04

01.04
ILS 420 GP 422
Antenna mast 0−reference Antenna mast B−type

(Example with 3 mast sections) (Example with 2 mast sections)
min. 380 mm
4
approx. 11250 mm
approx. 7750 mm
3500 mm
1 Obstruction lights
2 Antenna mounting 6
3 Dipole antenna array A2
ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
4 Mast section 250 mm
5 Dipole antenna arrayA1
6 Base frame
Fig. 2−3 GP antenna masts, design
Ed. 01.04 SOAC 2−3

GP 422 ILS 420
GP−1F 0−Reference (with DME antenna)
GP−1F B−Type (with reflection area and nearfield monitor)
1 Dipole antenna array A2 (SBO−antenna)

2 DME antenna
3 Dipole antenna array A1 (0−type: CSB−antenna; B−type: CSB+SBO−antenna)
Fig. 2−4 GP antenna system with 2 dipole antenna arrays (example)
2−4 SOAC Ed. 01.04

ILS 420 GP 422
2.1.3 Antenna System Components
2.1.3.1 Dipole Antenna Array
See Fig. 2−5, 2−6.
The antenna array comprises 4 dipole columns, each with 2 horizontally polarized half−wave dipoles;
a total of 8 half−wave dipoles D1 to D8 are thus supplied direct. These 8 half−wave dipoles are subdi-
vided initially following socket Bu1 into two groups of 100 each. Following an initial resistance trans-
formation by means of two coaxial RF lines J1 and J2 of equal length, the two groups of four (D1, D2,
D5, D6 and D3, D4, D7, D8) are each subdivided into two groups of two.
Following a further resistance transformation by means of lines J3 − again having an identical length
− there is a final distribution of the supplied power between dipoles D1 and D8. They are connected
via the V−shaped dipole brackets such that they can be matched to the radiator impedance by means
of series compensation (series inductor J4 and series capacitor J5). The power supplied to socket
Bu1 is thus distributed evenly between the 8 dipoles D1 and D8 with the antenna voltages in phase.
The radiation of each dipole (D1 to D8) is monitored by means of a separate coupling probe (S). The
coupling probes are arranged below or adjacent to the radiation centre of the dipoles. Parallel with
the coupling probes are resistors (R) of 100 ; the inductance of the probes is compensated by
means of capacitors (C). Groups of 2 coupling probes are connected in parallel by means of 50
coaxial cables (K1), type RG−58C/U, with a length of /2 each, resulting in a total impedance of 50.
The coupling probe pairs of the left and right−hand dipole subrack sections are then combined via
coaxial cables (K2) with a length of each. When connected in parallel the resulting impedance is 25.
The coupling probes (S) of the two dipole subracks are then connected via /4 transformer lines (K3,
K4), in order finally to obtain the desired impedance of 50 at the output (Bu2).
In case of a failure in one of the half−wave dipoles (D1 to D8) due to an interrupt or short−circuit in
the inner conductor, there will be a certain change in the radiation pattern of the antenna system. Less
RF power will be coupled out, and moreover the coupling probe (S) not excited consumes a part of
the RF power supplied to the remaining coupling probes. The coupling attenuation is thereby in-
creased by at least the same value by which the field strength is reduced in the main direction of radi-
ation in case of a dipole failure.
The inner conductors (J1) of the feed system are connected to ground via an RF choke (Dr) at socket
Bu1. The RF choke has a DC resistance of 0.15 ; it has almost no effect on the antenna input imped-
ance at Bu1. The cable and the antenna can be monitored with respect to possible short−circuits in
this manner when a DC current is supplied to the antenna supply cable.
The dipoles are mounted 0.15 in front of the the reflector screen. The antenna array has a gain of
12 dB relative to the half−wave dipole; the horizontal 3−dB beamwidth is 25° and the vertical 3−dB
beamwidth is 80°.
The radiation pattern of an antenna array is shown in Fig. 2−6.
Ed. 01.04 SOAC 2−5

GP 422 ILS 420
Tr
Antenna array radome
Antenna mounting
Rear view
Bu2 Bu1
Bu1 − Supply socket J3 − RF lines with identical length

Bu2 − Monitor socket J4 − Series inductor
S − Coupling probe J5 − Series capacitor
R − Resistor K1 and K2 − 50 ohms coaxial cable
C − Capacitor K3 and K4 − Quarter−wave transformer line
D1 to D8 − Half−wave dipoles Dr − Choke
J1 and J2 − RF lines with identical length Tr − Bracket
Fig. 2−5 Dipole antenna array of GP, circuit diagram
Horizontal radiation pattern Vertical radiation pattern

(in relative field strength at 330 MHz) (in relative field strength at 330 MHz)
Fig. 2−6 Radiation pattern of a dipole antenna array
2−6 SOAC Ed. 01.04

ILS 420 GP 422
2.1.3.2 Nearfield Dipole (optional)
See Fig. 2−7.
The GP installation contains a near−field dipole to monitor the glide path angle (Course/POSN.). The
nearfield dipole is a receive antenna in the 328...336 MHz frequency range, and serves to detect the
effects of position changes of the arrays of the antenna, which are not monitored with the integral
monitor. It is installed at different distances in front of the GP−antenna for the two GP 1F systems.
− For the 0−Type the distance is e.g. ca 62 m, which corresponds with the so−called 180° point,
i.e. the nearfield phase error between the arrays A1 and A2 is 180°. Therefore the DDM−change
versus height is in the nearfield reverse to the farfield. Below the glide path the DDM is negative
which is equal to a "Fly Down" information.
− For the B−Type the distance is e.g. ca 20 m, which corresponds with the so called 360° point, i.e.
the nearfield phase error between the arrays A1 and A2 is 360°. Therefore the change versus height
is in the nearfield similar to the farfield. Below the glide path the DDM is positive which is equal to
a "Fly Up" information.
The height of the dipole above the ground corresponds to the glidepath angle for both systems. The
shorter distance requires therefore for the B−Type a lower height of the dipole than for the 0−Type.
Therefore, in a B−Type system ambient factors such as snow or water on the reflection area between
the GP−antenna and the nearfield−dipole will influence the monitor signal much more than for 0−Ty-
pe−system. Accordingly, taking into account ambient factors special means are required for the re-
flection zone of a B−Type. The receive signal is supplied to the monitor of the GP transmitter rack.
The supporting parts of the nearfield dipole are made of aluminium; the cover on the dipole antenna
(2−7/3) is made of polyester glass−fibre. The antenna takes the form of a half−wave dipole; it is hori-
zontally polarized, and has an input resistance of 50 and a front−to−back ratio of 9 dB. The hori-
zontal 3−dB bandwidth is 80°. The dipole mast is 6 m high. It can be divided in the centre and pro-
vided with obstruction lighting, and can be installed either in a base supplied by the customer or in
a steel base. The mast base incorporates a swivel mount in order to simplify erection of the mast.
2
approx. 6 m
GP monitor dipole, example
1 Obstruction lighting
2 Antenna mast 5
ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
3 Monitor dipole
4 Joint
ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
5 Swivel mount
Fig. 2−7 Monitor dipole for GP
Ed. 01.04 SOAC 2−7

GP 422 ILS 420
2−8 SOAC Ed. 01.04

ILS 420 GP 422
2.2 GP−2F ANTENNA SYSTEM (M−TYPE, ACTIVE)
2.2.1 Overview
A GP−2F antenna installation (M−type, active) comprises:

− Antenna mast
Ä Antenna
Ä
Ä
SBO+Clear.
Ä
Ä
A3
Ä CSB2
Ä
Ä
A2
Ä CSB1+Clear.
Ä
Nearfield dipole
Ä
(optional)
A1
Ä
Ä
Power Adder Stby and On−Air Combiner
POSN. WIDTH CLEAR NEARF. POS
INTFC
CSB1 Clear. SBO CSB2
transmitter
transmitter cabinet
Station shelter
Fig. 2−8 Arrangement of GP−2F (active) antenna system components
Ed. 01.04 SOAC 2−9

GP−2F active
GP 422 ILS 420

See Fig. 2−10, 2−9.
The GP antenna comprises a lattice mast with three dipole antenna arrays A1, A2 and A3. The mast
with the dimensions (W x D) 450 x 650 [mm] is rectangular and can be mounted by means of stirrups.
The mast is divided in sections of 3.50 m in length each, and can be adapted to meet local require-
ments. Each mast section comprises 4 bars connected together via struts and butt straps by means
of rivets and screws. It is made of aluminium ALMgSi, the steel parts are galvanized and all screw
connections are made of steel V2A. The base frame is made of welded steel profiles. It contains forked
bolts which enable the mast to be tilted. The erected mast is fixed with supports. The mast tip is made
of welded U−profiles. It includes 2 deflection rollers made of polyamide for an auxiliary guy wire when
installing the antenna dipoles, and 2 obstacle lights. The antenna mounting for the dipole array is a
buckled C−profile which allows a horizontal adjustment of the dipole array by around ±350 mm. The
C−profile is mounted at a vertical tube 1 m long which is fixed to the mast by cross−strucks. With
the vertical tube a fine vertical adjustment of the antenna array is possible. In addition the height of
the complete frame can be adjusted in steps of 500 mm. The mast is painted in red and white for 1.75
m alternately.
The three dipole antenna arrays A1, A2 and A3 have a horizontal polarization and an identical design
with the dimensions (H x W x D) 500 x 2000 x 250 [mm]; they are mounted above one another and
slightly offset. The antennas are protected against weathering exposure with a polyester glass fibre
cover. They remain operational, even in case of substantial formation of ice. Atmospheric discharges
are eliminated reliably, since all metal parts of the antenna are connected to ground.
The reflector surface in front of the GP antenna consists of a welded construction−steel web which
is embedded in gravel and which must be grounded. If desired, the construction−steel web can also
be embedded in asphalt, concrete or similar. The use of structural steel mesh is not mandatory. De-
pending on the local conditons it may be determined during site survey, if it is recommended or neces-
sary.
1 Dipol antenna array A3

4 Obstruction lights and opt. DME antenna
2−10 SOAC Ed. 10.04

01.04
GP−2F active
ILS 420 GP 422
Antenna mast M−Type 1
(Example with 4 mast sections)
5
approx. 14750 mm
7
3500 mm
2 Antenna mounting
3 Dipole antenna array A3 8
4 Mast section
ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
7 Base frame 9
250 mm
8 Support
9 Foundation for support
Fig. 2−10 GP antenna mast, design
Ed. 01.04 SOAC 2−11

GP−2F active
GP 422 ILS 420

See Fig. 2−11, 2−12.
Following a further resistance transformation by means of lines J3 (again having an identical length)
there is a final distribution of the supplied power between dipoles D1 and D8. They are connected
means of capacitors (C).
Groups of 2 coupling probes are connected in parallel by means of 50 coaxial cables (K1), type
RG−58 C/U, with a length of /2 each, resulting in a total impedance of 50 . The coupling probe pairs
of the left and right−hand dipole subrack sections are then combined via coaxial cables (K2) with a
length of each. When connected in parallel the resulting impedance is 25 . The coupling probes
(S) of the two dipole subracks are then connected via /4 transformer lines (K3, K4), in order finally
to obtain the desired impedance of 50 at the output (Bu2).
The dipoles are mounted 0.15 in front of the reflector screen. The antenna array has a gain of
beamwidth 80°.
2−12 SOAC Ed. 01.04

GP−2F active
ILS 420 GP 422
Tr
Antenna mounting
Rear view
Bu2 Bu1

J1 and J2 − RF lines with identical length Tr − bracket
Fig. 2−11 Dipole antenna array of GP, view and circuit diagram

Ed. 01.04 SOAC 2−13

GP−2F active
GP 422 ILS 420

See Fig. 2−13.
monitor.
It is installed at a distance, e.g. 82 m, which corresponds with the so−called 360° point of the A1 and
A3 arrays of the GP 2F−antenna, i.e. the nearfield phase error between the arrays A1 and A3 is 360°.
Thus similar to the farfield the influence of A1 and A3 is cancelled in the glide slope angle. However,
the nearfield phase error of the arrays A1 and A2 is then 135°. Therefore the change of DDM versus
height is reversed compared with the farfield. Below the glide path the DDM is negative which is equal
to a "Fly Down" information. The height of the dipole above ground corresponds to the glide path
angle. The receive signal is supplied to the monitor of the GP transmitter.
The supporting components of the nearfield dipole are made of aluminium; the cover of the dipole
antenna (2−13/3) is made of polyester glass fibre. The antenna takes the form of a half−wave dipole;
it has horizontal polarization, an input resistance of 50 and a front−to−back ratio of 9 dB. The hori-
zontal 3 dB bandwidth is 80°.
The dipole mast is approx. 6 m high. It can be divided in the middle, provided with an obstruction light
and installed either in a base provided by the customer or in a steel base. The mast base is swivel−
mounted to permit easier erection of the mast.
2
approx. 6 m
GS monitor dipole, example
1 Obstruction lighting
5
ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
2 Antenna mast
3 Monitor dipole
4 Joint
5 Swivel mount
Fig. 2−13 Nearfield dipole for GP
2−14 SOAC Ed. 01.04

GP−2F active
ILS 420 GP 422
2.3 GP−2F ANTENNA SYSTEM (M−TYPE, STANDARD)
2.3.1 Overview
A GP−2F antenna installation (M−type, standard) comprises:

− Antenna mast
Ä Antenna
Ä
Ä
SBO+clear.
Ä
Ä
A3
Ä CSB+SBO
Ä
Ä
A2
Ä
CSB+SBO+Clear
Ä
Nearfield dipole
Ä
(optional)
A1
Ä
Ä
Power Adder Stby and On−Air Combiner
POSN. WIDTH CLEAR NEARF. POS
CRSCSB CRSSBO CLRCSB INTFC
transmitter
transmitter cabinet
Station shelter
Fig. 2−14 Arrangement of GP−2F (standard) antenna system components
Ed. 01.04 SOAC 2−15

GP−2F standard
GP 422 ILS 420

See Fig. 2−16, 2−15.
The GP antenna comprises a lattice mast with three dipole antenna arrays A1, A2 and A3. The mast
with the dimensions (W x D) 450 x 650 [mm] is rectangular and can be mounted by means of stirrups.
The mast is divided in sections of 3.50 m in length each, and can be adapted to meet local require-
ments. Each mast section comprises 4 bars connected together via struts and butt straps by means
of rivets and screws. It is made of aluminium ALMgSi, the steel parts are galvanized and all screw
connections are made of steel V2A. The base frame is made of welded steel profiles. It contains forked
bolts which enable the mast to be tilted. The erected mast is fixed with supports. The mast tip is made
of welded U−profiles. It includes 2 deflection rollers made of polyamide for an auxiliary guy wire when
installing the antenna dipoles, and 2 obstacle lights. The antenna mounting for the dipole array is a
buckled C−profile which allows a horizontal adjustment of the dipole array by around ±350 mm. The
C−profile is mounted at a vertical tube 1 m long which is fixed to the mast by cross−strucks. With
the vertical tube a fine vertical adjustment of the antenna array is possible. In addition the height of
the complete frame can be adjusted in steps of 500 mm. The mast is painted in red and white for 1.75
m alternately.
The three dipole antenna arrays A1, A2 and A3 have a horizontal polarization and an identical design
with the dimensions (H x W x D) 500 x 2000 x 250 [mm]; they are mounted above one another and
slightly offset. The antennas are protected against weathering exposure with a polyester glass fibre
cover. They remain operational, even in case of substantial formation of ice. Atmospheric discharges
are eliminated reliably, since all metal parts of the antenna are connected to ground.
The reflector surface in front of the GP antenna consists of a welded construction−steel web which
is embedded in gravel and which must be grounded. If desired, the construction−steel web can also
be embedded in asphalt, concrete or similar. The use of structural steel mesh is not mandatory. De-
pending on the local conditons it may be determined during site survey, if it is recommended or neces-
sary.

4 Obstruction lights and opt. DME antenna
2−16 SOAC Ed. 10.04

01.04
GP−2F standard
ILS 420 GP 422
Antenna mast M−Type 1
(Example with 4 mast sections)
5
approx. 14750 mm
7
3500 mm
2 Antenna mounting
3 Dipole antenna array A3 8
4 Mast section
7 Base frame 9
250 mm
8 Support
9 Foundation for support
Fig. 2−16 GP antenna mast, design
Ed. 01.04 SOAC 2−17

GP−2F standard
GP 422 ILS 420

See Fig. 2−17, 2−18.
Following a further resistance transformation by means of lines J3 (again having an identical length)
there is a final distribution of the supplied power between dipoles D1 and D8. They are connected
means of capacitors (C).
Groups of 2 coupling probes are connected in parallel by means of 50 coaxial cables (K1), type
RG−58 C/U, with a length of /2 each, resulting in a total impedance of 50 . The coupling probe pairs
of the left and right−hand dipole subrack sections are then combined via coaxial cables (K2) with a
length of each. When connected in parallel the resulting impedance is 25 . The coupling probes
(S) of the two dipole subracks are then connected via /4 transformer lines (K3, K4), in order finally
to obtain the desired impedance of 50 at the output (Bu2).
The dipoles are mounted 0.15 in front of the reflector screen. The antenna array has a gain of
beamwidth 80°.
2−18 SOAC Ed. 01.04

GP−2F standard
ILS 420 GP 422
Tr
Antenna mounting
Rear view
Bu2 Bu1

J1 and J2 − RF lines with identical length Tr − bracket
Fig. 2−17 Dipole antenna array of GP, view and circuit diagram

Ed. 01.04 SOAC 2−19

GP−2F standard
GP 422 ILS 420

See Fig. 2−19.
monitor.
It is installed at a distance, e.g. 82 m, which corresponds with the so−called 360° point of the A1 and
A3 arrays of the GP 2F−antenna, i.e. the nearfield phase error between the arrays A1 and A3 is 360°.
Thus similar to the farfield the influence of A1 and A3 is cancelled in the glide slope angle. However,
the nearfield phase error of the arrays A1 and A2 is then 135°. Therefore the change of DDM versus
height is reversed compared with the farfield. Below the glide path the DDM is negative which is equal
to a "Fly Down" information. The height of the dipole above ground corresponds to the glide path
angle. The receive signal is supplied to the monitor of the GP transmitter.
The supporting components of the nearfield dipole are made of aluminium; the cover of the dipole
antenna (2−19/3) is made of polyester glass fibre. The antenna takes the form of a half−wave dipole;
it has horizontal polarization, an input resistance of 50 and a front−to−back ratio of 9 dB. The hori-
zontal 3 dB bandwidth is 80°.
The dipole mast is approx. 6 m high. It can be divided in the middle, provided with an obstruction light
and installed either in a base provided by the customer or in a steel base. The mast base is swivel−
mounted to permit easier erection of the mast.
2
approx. 6 m
GP monitor dipole, example
1 Obstruction lighting 5
2 Antenna mast
3 Monitor dipole
4 Joint
5 Swivel mount
Fig. 2−19 Nearfield dipole for GP
2−20 SOAC Ed. 01.04

GP−2F standard
ILS 420 GP 422
Antenna System Description Installation
CHAPTER 3
ANTENNA INSTALLATION
3.1 GENERAL
This chapter describes the installation of the GP antenna system (Kathrein antenna array) including
the optional nearfield monitor dipole.
3.2 STORING AND PACKAGING THE ANTENNAS AND ACCESSORIES

The antennas are supplied in boxes of corrugated paper and/or plywood which can be used again.
No more than 5 boxes may be stacked one on top of the other. Store away all despatch packaging,
so that it can be used again for transport purposes if required. Use the original packaging compo-
nents to re−pack.
CAUTION
Do not place weighty objects on the corrugated paper boxes!

The following table list the corrugated paper packaging for the GP−1F/2F antenna.
GP−1F/2F Antenna packaging Corrugated paper

Package Contents Packaging Dimensions Gross weight
D x W x H (mm) (kg) per unit
2 or 3 (2F) Dipole array (12 dB) approx. 2150 x 730 x 320 approx. 30
1 Monitor dipole approx. 300 x 135 x 480 approx. 5
2 or 3 (2F) Antenna mounting for dipole array approx. 2030 x 520 x 420 approx. 65
GP−1F/2F Packaging for mechanical parts Corrugated paper

Package Contents Packaging Dimensions Gross weight
D x W x H (mm) (kg) per unit
Mast, 7 m, consisting of:
2 2 mast sections 3,5 m approx. 3660 x 750 x 560 approx. 135
1 1 base frame approx. 990 x 760 x 330 approx. 99
1 1 mast head/mounting approx. 800 x 600 x 550 approx. 38
1 2 supports approx. 4850 x 340 x 200 approx. 78
1 Mast for monitor dipole approx. 3160 x 290 x 200 approx. 52
1 Mast mounting (to foundation) for monitor approx. 2000 x 500 x 190 approx. 86
dipole
1 Installation material
(various screws, nuts, washers, spring
washers for mast assembly)
Ed. 01.04 SOAC 3−1

GP 422 ILS 420
Installation Antenna System Description
The dipole array is packed together with the mounting frame and the weatherproof cover for the an-
tenna connectors.
3
2
Antenna
Monitoring 1
RF connectors
rear side of dipole array
4
1 dipole array
2 mounting C−bar
3 weather proof cover (2x) for RF connectors
4 tube of mast mounting (belongs to the mast accessories)
Fig. 3−1 GP dipole array, components
Depending on the GP installation type the GP antenna mast consists of 2 (1F, B−Typ), 3 (1F, 0−Ref.)
or 4 (2F, M−Typ) mast sections of 3.5 m. The mast section are assembled with the attributed hexagon
cap screws.
3
7
2
1 base frame with rag bolts 4 two supports (2F M−Type only)
2 mast sections, quantity: 5 outer support
1 F (0−Ref.): 3 sections 6 mast head with 2 obstruction lights
1 F (B−Type): 2 sections 7 antenna mast mounting, quantity:
2 F (M−Type): 4 sections 1F: 2 pieces
3 support mounting frame (2F M−Type only) 2F: 3 pieces
Fig. 3−2 GP antenna mast, components
3−2 SOAC Ed. 01.04

ILS 420 GP 422
3.3 GENERAL INSTALLATION INFORMATION
3.3.1 Safety Precautions
It is the task of the site supervisor or construction manager to make available the materials supplied
by Thales ATM, independently procured special materials and tools. For every site strict attention
should be paid to safety regulations issued by the local authorities.
3.3.1.1 General Rules
The following rules should be observed for prevention of accidents:
− Consumption of alcohol in any form is forbidden on the installation site.

− Drunken persons, or those under influence of alcohol will not be tolerated on the installation site.
− Protective goggles and safety gloves are to be worn when work is being carried out on batteries.
Rinsing water, soda and several cleaning cloths should be available.
− Sturdy shoes, safety gloves and safety helmets are to be worn.
− Protruding nails, strips etc. must be removed immediately. Ladders and planks must always be
carefully checked before use.
− Do not tread on protruding plank sections.
− Never leave objects on scaffolding or ladders.
− Scaffolding or frames are to be erected sturdily and must always be tested before use.
− Test electrical devices and extension cables for accident safety.
− Remove fuses before carrying out work on mains.
− Wear protective goggles when carrying out sanding or drilling operations.
− Sand off burr from chisels and punches in good time.
− Test striking tools for tightness of fit.
− Do not put pointed or sharp objects into working−clothing pockets.
− Jewelry such as chains and rings should be removed when working on building sites −
especially when working with electrical devices.
− Always keep escape routes clear.
− Every employee on an installation site should know:
S where the First−Aid box is kept
S the telephone number of the nearest casualty doctor and eye specialist
S where the fire extinguisher is kept
S the location of hazardous areas on the way to the work place, or at the work place itself.
3.3.1.2 Precautionary Measures against Damage caused by Animals
Damage caused by animals is highly improbable. The door of the shelter should be locked in the ab-
sence of the personnel.
3.3.1.3 Equipment Notes

Subassemblies should not be removed whilst under voltage. The consequence of this type of action
is the likelihood of permanent damage and the transmitter rack can not be set in operation correctly.
Never energize the installation with a non−grounded rack. The first electrical connection to be made
should be the rack ground. If there is no ground, the equipment central processing unit may develop
a fault or become blocked.
Ed. 01.04 SOAC 3−3

GP 422 ILS 420
3.3.2 Personnel Requirement
Three persons are required to install the antenna and perform the related adjustments. The leader
of the installation team should be an engineer, technician or experienced master craftsman. Special
training and initiation by Thales ATM are urgently recommended.
The fitters should be trained craftsman, for example mechanics, electricians or locksmiths.
The installation time for the GP antennas depends on preparations; it will be approx. 3 days (calcula-
tion based on a working day of 8 hours). Additional times should be calculated for cabling and other
precision work.
3.3.3 Tools and Special Materials

The delivery list provided by Thales ATM should be checked at as early a date as possible in order
to identify materials not included in the Thales ATM scope of delivery which may be essential for the
infrastructure of the overall installation. For example, materials for grounding the ILS installation must
be provided. Suggestions and instructions on correct grounding are contained in Section 3.7. The
following tools and equipment are the minimum required to unpack and assemble the GP equipment
and the GP antenna system:
1 crane truck, lifting capacity 1100 kg, min. jib reach 3 m, lifting height:
10 m (for B−Type installation),
12 m (for 0−Ref. installation),
15 m (for M−Type installation
1 motor truck
1 wire dispenser
1 crowbar
1 hammer 1000 g
2 ratchets with sets of sockets
1 three−square scraper
1 inch ruler
1 tape measure (surveyor’s), if possible 150 m, otherwise 50 m
1 spirit level
2 ring/fork spanners, WAF 30 mm (for nuts of stone bolts)
1 impact drill, min power 600 W
1 theodolite
2 dip rods
1 set screwdrivers, blade width 3.5 mm to 8 mm
light metal files (flat, 8...10", medium cut)

various flat and round files
various hard metal drills
various twist drills for metal working
3−4 SOAC Ed. 01.04

ILS 420 GP 422
3.4 DETERMINING THE INSTALLATION SITE
3.4.1 General
The area in which an ILS−Glide Path is to be installed is determined by the Civil Aviation Authority
according to the international air traffic regulations. The area is dependent on the necessary obstacle
clearance and the runway configuration.
The installation is determined by means of a site survey e.g. by a firm of surveyors on behalf of the
customer. Thales ATM can also provide an engineering consultant on site for this survey.
The following installation guidelines are general recommendations and only guiding values for infor-
mation. The exact values for installation and adjustments are locally dependent decisions which are
made during installation. They are computed with exact formulas which take in account slopes of ter-
rain, obstacles and others. An example of such a data sheet of a GP−2F site is shown in Fig. 3−8.
The GP installation can be on left−hand or right−hand side of the centerline. Typical installation sites
for GP−1F and GP−2F are shown in Fig. 3−3, 3−4 and 3−5.
runway
centerline
RWY Dist = 75...180 m
approx.
THR−Dist. 285...345 m*
50 m
É
(typical: 290 m) runway threshold
(typical: 120 m
theodolite plate (opt.)
approx. 45 m
ÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂ
GP−antenna mast
monitor reflection area
Cable trench
monitor dipole
door
ca. 8 m
Shelter (10 ft cont.)
Cable trench
3 m 12 m
ÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂ 35 m
approx. 62 m */**
* for 3° glide angle and flat terrain THR−Dist.: distance to threshold

** will be defined after flight check RWY−Dist.: distance to runway center line
Fig. 3−3 Typical installation site GP−1F (0−reference)
Ed. 01.04 SOAC 3−5

GP 422 ILS 420
runway
centerline
approx.
THR−Dist. 285...345 m
RWY Dist = 75...180 m
É
50 m
(typical: 305 m*) runway threshold
(typical: 100 m)

approx. 45 m
GP−antenna mast
ÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂ monitor reflection area
ÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂ
Cable trench
monitor dipole
door
Cable trench
ca. 6 m
3m 1.5 m 20 m
20 m**
* depends on glide angle, terrain and reference point THR−Dist.: distance to threshold
** for 3° glide angle and flat terrain RWY−Dist.: distance to runway center line
Fig. 3−4 Typical installation site GP−1F (B−type)
runway
centerline
RWY Dist = 75...180 m
approx.
THR−Dist. 285...345 m*
É
50 m
(typical: 315 m) runway threshold

(typical: 120 m)
É
approx. 45 m
GP−antenna mast
ÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂ monitor reflection area
Cable trench
monitor dipole
door

ca. 8 m
Cable trench
3 m 12 m
ÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂ 65 m *
approx. 83 m*/**
* for 3° glide angle and flat terrain THR−Dist.: distance to threshold
** defined after flight check RWY−Dist.: distance to runway center line
Fig. 3−5 Typical installation site GP−2F (M−type)
3−6 SOAC Ed. 01.04

ILS 420 GP 422
3.4.2 Location of the GP Antenna Mast
3.4.2.1 General
See Fig. 3−3 to 3−7.
The coordinates of the transmitter antenna site depend on the desired height of the ILS−reference
datum, the desired glide path angle, technical siting problems as well as the Annex10 of ICAO, Attach-
ment C (to part 1), Section 2.4 ff.
Fig. 3−7 shows as an example the distance between landing threshold and transmitter mast as a
function of the glide path angle and the height of the ILS−reference point for level terrain in the anten-
na radiation field. Differences in terrain heights at the site of the mast and at the threshold have to be
taken into account in the calculated glide path angle:
− With rising terrain a smaller angle has to be assumed (the distance increases).
− With the terrain sloping downward a larger angle has to be assumed (the distance decreases).
− Irregular terrain has likewise to be taken into account in the determination of the mast and dipole
heights assuming average values.
The distance between the landing threshold and the glide path antenna mast can be calculated ac-
cording to the following formula:
X ingHgt ) RWY Hgt* RWY Dist tan (SDWSlope)

THR Dist+
tan q
with: RWY Hgt+ (THR Dist * tan FWD Slope) ) (RWY Dist tan SDW Slope) *iterative calculation
THR−Dist. : Distance to threshold Xing Hgt

RWY−Dist.: Distance to runway centerline (ILS reference datum)
FWD−Slope: forward slope of terrain
SDW−Slope: sideward slope of terrain threshold
ËËËËËËËËË
ËËËËËËËËË
runway center line
runway
RWY Hgt
ËËËËËËËËË
FWD−Slope
ËËËËËËËËË
RWY Dist
ËËËËËËËËË
SDW slope
ËËËËËËËËË
Â
ËËËËËËËËË
Â
ËËËËËËËËË
Â
ËËËËËËËËË
Â
ËËËËËËËËË
horizontal reference plane
Â
ËËËËËËËËË
Â
ËËËËËËËËË
ÇÇÇ
Â
GP antenna mast
Mast base
ÇÇÇ THR−distance
SDW−Slope/FWD−Slope: positive for down grade terrain in relation to the threshold
= Glide Path angle
Fig. 3−6 Sketch for calculation of the distance between threshold and antenna mast
Ed. 01.04 SOAC 3−7

GP 422 ILS 420
[°]
Glide path angle
3.3
3.2
3.1 H=12 m H=15 m H=18 m

3.0
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.3
200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 [m]
H= ILS reference datum Distance treshold to GP mast
Fig. 3−7 Distance landing threshold and transmitter mast (guiding values for flat terrain)
INPUT: Parameter
Method: Thales ATM/AXIS
Type: M−Type
Thresh.−Crossg.−Height: 16.5 m
Glide angle: 3°
Distance RWY−CL: 150 m
Frequency: 332 MHz
Antenna rotation (+=> RWY) 5°
Mast tilt angle (+= back): 0°
INPUT: Terrain
Threshold height: 94.51 m
RWY: left
Elevation of GP refl. plane m: (m 0/0=150 m across thresh.)

m −50 0 25
0 93.5 92.76 92.425
50 93.71 93.03 92.65
100 93.99 93.225 92.99
150 94.21 93.504 93.15
200 94.49 93.714 93.36
250 94.7 93.953 93.609
261 94.74 94.01 93.66
300 94.9 94.22 93.86
350 95.213 94.48 94.1
400
Select. reflection area: across: −50 m to 25 m, longit.: 0 m to 261 m
IN/OUTPUT: Slopes
Forward Slope (+=up): −0.273 °
Side Slope (+=up): 0.82 °
Step Height (+=terr. higher) 0.42 m
OUTPUT: GP Installation Data

Distance GP from threshold: 281.3 m
Height GPz: 94.12 m
Height terrain at mast base: 94.12 m
Ant. Height m Height m Offset cm Forw. displ. cm

above GPz above terr. (−=>RWY) (ant. rot. incl.)
A3 11.87 11.87 −15.3 6.4
A2 7.91 7.92 5.2 2.8
A1 3.96 3.96 15.3 0.0
NF−Monitor: −distance: 68.40 m − height: 3.91 m

Note: GPz = Virtual (image) reference height for antenna heights
GP01.gpx
Fig. 3−8 Example of a data sheet of a GP−2F site, calculated with a special program (AXIS)
3−8 SOAC Ed. 01.04

ILS 420 GP 422
3.5 FOUNDATIONS AND CABLE TRENCHES
3.5.1 Foundations of Antenna Mast and Monitor Dipole
See Fig. 3−9 to 3−14.
The necessary long−term stability of the antenna configuration can only be ensured by a cast con-
crete foundation. It is essential to lay the foundation base at least 30 cm below the deepest expected
frost limit. The foundation drawings in Fig. 3−9 to 3−11 are for information only.
GP−1F (up to 3 mast sections) GP−2F (4 mast sections)
Ground surface
Level difference of mast foundations: ± 1 cm
10 Ground surface
10
10
12
>100
40
2/3
ca. 200
120
max. frost free soil max. frost free soil
55
1/3
22
75
E
50
200
Cable trough in
15 12 direction to shelter
232
F
100
Cable trough in direction to shelter
247
12
80 494
(54.8)
55
150
10
15 SectionA−B Section C−D Section E−F

10
35
15
12
55
12
75
NOTE: (74.8)
Concrete quality: BN 25
All dimensions in cm 22
Fig. 3−9 Foundation drawing for GP antenna mast (for information only)
80 15
23
10
50
23
23
NOTE:
Concrete quality: BN 25
Used for mast 83140 09550 with
mast base 83140 09552
All dimensions in cm
Fig. 3−10 Foundation drawing for monitor dipole GP−1F 0−Ref., GP−2F M−Type
Ed. 01.04 SOAC 3−9

GP 422 ILS 420
ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
Foundation theodolite platform Foundation Monitor dipole GP−1F, B−Type
1260
ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
350
50
1000
500
cross or pop mark

300
1500
Dimensions in mm
100
700
210
NOTE: NOTE: 100
Concrete quality BN15 Concrete quality min. B25
Fig. 3−11 Foundation drawing for theodolite platform and monitor dipole GP−1F, B−Type
3.5.2 Cable Trenches

See Fig. 3−12.
The antennas and the monitor dipole are connected to the equipment via fully insulated coaxial
cables. The cables should be laid in cable trenches, which should be cut out between the monitor
dipole and the antenna and to the shelter. Fig. 3−12 shows the cross−section of a typical cable
trench. When laying cables care should be taken to ensure that they are not bent and that no sharp
objects can damage the plastic sheaths of the cables. This should be achieved by embedding the
cables in a layer of sand and/or covering them with moulded bricks. The RF cables should always
be laid separately from the mains cable. It is also possible to lay masonry bricks to isolate the cables
in the center of the cable trench in place of the moulded bricks. A strap (3−12/1) indicating that cables
are buried below should be laid when cable trench is filled in order to protect the cable against dam-
age caused by earthworks.
3 4 5 7 8
1
2 6
x
ÉÉÉÉ ÉÉÉÉ
cable trench, typical cross section
ÉÉÉÉ
ÉÉ É
ÉÉÉÉ
h=/> 60 cm
ÉÉ É
1 cable trench, contains 2 tubes, one for data, RC, PTT cable, the other for mains
2 cable trench resp. tube below the shelter
ÉÉ É
3 GP shelter 9
h=80 cm
4 cable trench, contains 2 tubes, one for RF cable, the other for mains supply)
ÉÉ É
5 coundations of GP antenna 10
ÉÉ É
6 Cable trench, contains 2 tubes, one for RF cable, the other for mains supply)
7 monitor reflector surface
11
ÉÉ É
8 , monitor dipole antenna
foundation for optional
(theoretically calculated location, will be defined exactly during flight check)
ÉÉÉÉÉ
ÉÉ É
12
9 plastic strips with printed warning: Caution earthing cable/Achtung Erdkabel!
10 filling with excavated earth
11 ground conductor 14 30 cm 13
12 Sand filling
13 tube for mains supply cable
14 tubes for RF cable (if DME collocated additional tubes used if need be) h = depends on local conditions
Fig. 3−12 Cross−section of a typical cable trench
3−10 SOAC Ed. 01.04

ILS 420 GP 422
3.5.3 Location and Construction of the Reflection Surface for opt. Monitor
The typical construction of the reflection surface is shown in Fig. 3−13, 3−14.
1 bitumen layer, layer above the steel mesh

max. 20 mm
1 % slope 2 structural steel mesh 10x10 − 6/6, welded, all joints
celded
3 concrete
8m
4 gravel
5 connecting lug for earth connection of the reflector
surface to the GP earthing system
6 6 foundation of GP mast
A L B L = length depends on type of installation

(see Fig. 3−3 and 3−5)
5
1 2 ground surface NOTE:
ÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÉÉÉÉÉÉ
1 % slope The use of structural steel mesh (2) is not
mandatory. It depends on local conditions.
ÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇ
ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ
É
5
It may be determined during site survey if

10
it is recommended or necessary
ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ
View A−B
ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ
15
4 3 Concrete quality BN15

Dimensions in cm
Fig. 3−13 GP−1F, 0−Ref. and GP−2F, M−Type, typical reflection surface (for information only)
1 foundation of GP mast
1,5 m 20 m 2 mast base for monitor dipole POSN.
20 m *) (for CAT.I/II foundation for mast base is used,
if reflector surface is made of gravel, details
see Fig. 3−11)
3 tube outlet to mast base
2
1 4 2 tubes to monitor dipole (one for RF cable,
1 % slope the other for mains supply to obstruction light)
5 concrete (for CAT I/II also gravel), max. 50 mm
6m
above the structured steel mesh.

6 structural steel mesh 10x10 − 6/6, welded,
all joints electrically connected via clamps.
7 concrete (for CAT I/II also gravel, compressed)
8 clamps for fixing the structural steel mesh
A 3
to the shelter
B Refer also to Fig. 3−4 .
4
5 6 ground surface NOTE:
ÉÉÉÉÉÉ
1 % slope The use of structural steel mesh (6) is not
2−5
mandatory. It depends on local conditions.
ÉÉ
ÉÉÉÉÉÉ It may be determined during site survey if
10−15
ÉÉ
it is recommended or necessary
View A−B
*) for 3° glide angle and flat terrain

8 7 ÉÉ Concrete quality BN15
dimensions in cm
Fig. 3−14 GP−1F, B−Type, typical reflector surface (for information only)
Ed. 10.04
01.04 SOAC 3−11
GP 422 ILS 420
3−12 SOAC Ed. 01.04

ILS 420 GP 422
3.6 ANTENNA INSTALLATION
Fig. 3−15 shows an installation example of the GP antenna system (example GP−2F, M−Type).
3.6.1 Overview
The GP−1F, 0−Ref. antenna mast consists of:
− base frame, with upper part, lower part and 4 rag bolts.
− 3 mast sections of 3.5 m length
− mast head with 2 support frames and 2 obstruction lights
− various installation material (screws, nuts, washers, spring washers)
The GP−1F, B−Type antenna mast consists of:
The GP−2F, M−Type antenna mast consists of:
− mounting frame for fastening the supports, 2 supports, 2 outer supports for fastening the supports
to the foundations
Optional: DME Antenna including installation materials.
3.6.2 Building−up the Antenna Mast

See Figs. 3−16, 3−17.
Assemble the individual mast sections using the bolts and mounting parts provided. The mast top
accommodates two obstruction lights and also two pulleys for height adjustment of the antenna ar-
rays via ropes. Mounting a DME antenna regard section 3.6.4.
a) Bolt the base frame onto the foundation. Adjust the base frame horizontally with a spirit level; cor-
rect if needed with shims, put below the base frame to the related rag bolts (Fig. 3−16).
NOTE: After the base frame is mounted to the foundation first connect it to the grounding sys-
tem using earthing terminals.
The contacting surfaces between mast section and base frame upper part have to be
clean and free of lacquer.
b) Remove and store bolts and swing up the upper part of the base frame. Place the 1. mast section
in a suitable position and lay it down to appropriate auxiliary supports. Connect the first mast sec-
tion (white coated side) to the upper part of the base frame such, that the mast points into approach
direction and the mast side provided for installing the antenna elements faces towards the ground.
GP−2F antenna mast only: Mount the support mounting frame to the first mast section.
c) Following mount the next sections for GP−1F (2. or 3.) and GP−2F (4.)
d) The assembled mast should be stopped at the mast top by a suitable support which leaves a suffi-
cient ground clearance for installation of the antenna elements. Remove the auxiliary supports.
e) GP−2F antenna mast only: Mount the supports to the support mounting frame.
Ed. 06.05
01.04 SOAC 3−13
GP 422 ILS 420
Example for installation GP−2F, M−Type
Shelter
Reflection area
Dipole antenna array A3

support
Antenna cables
Monitor mast
Support frame for

GP−2F antenna mast
Monitor dipole
Antenna mast GP−2F, M−Type (example)
Junction box
DME−antenna AAN 88
collocated, example
Base frame
GP nearfield monitor installation (example)
Fig. 3−15 GP−installation (example)
3−14 SOAC Ed. 01.04

ILS 420 GP 422
1
2
3
1 upper part of base frame, hinged

5
2 washer, spring washer and nut
3 lower part
4 rag bolts
5 foundation
Fig. 3−16 Fasten the base frame
white lacquered red lacquered

Shelter
2
ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ
ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ 5 4 3
ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ 6
ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ
ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ 6
7
8 9 10
1 screw bolt 6 2. mast section

2 upper part of base frame, swung up 7 3. mast section
3 step 8 mast head
4 1. mast section 9 support for obstruction light (2x)
5 auxiliary mounting support 10 obstruction light (2x)
Fig. 3−17 Mast mounting, example 3 mast sections
Ed. 01.04 SOAC 3−15

GP 422 ILS 420
3.6.3 Antenna Installation and Cabling

See Figs. 3−1, 3−18, 3−19
The antenna support consists of a bent down C−profile bar with a length of approx. ±350 mm for
horizontal adjustment of the dipole row and a vertical 1 m long tube for vertical fine adjustment of the
antenna row. An additional height adjustment of the support is possible every 500 mm. The mounting
height A, B or C (2F) of the antenna supports (height above ground to mid of support) or the displace-
ment results from the data sheet of the project engineering documentation, which has been calcu-
lated especially for the site, or from the tables given in Figs. 3−20, 3−22. The mounting of the antenna
supports is performed on the laying mast. The boring is already available with a certain raster dis-
tance. It is recommended to bring the mast in a sloping position (Fig. 3−18). For GP−2F a third an-
tenna support and dipole array is to be mounted.
2
1
ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ A
B
7 4
1 support of antenna A1
2 support of antenna A2 5
3 auxiliary support =
4 if need be adjust using washers or distance pieces = 6
5 support socket
6 vertical guiding pipe of antenna support
7 longer screws if distance pieces are used
Fig. 3−18 Mounting of antenna supports

8
ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ 1 2 3 4 5
Antenna
Monitoring
Dipole array, connector assignment

5
1 mounting c−bar of antenna
2 antenna connectors with cover
3 clamping plate 3
4 guiding pipe of antenna support 4
5 clamping device (front part)
6 electrical mid point of antenna
7 screw bolts (2x) 6
8 mast point of attachment for hoisting equipment
9 cabling to antenna (cable with loop for water drop off) 9
Fig. 3−19 Mounting of dipole arrays
3−16 SOAC Ed. 01.04

ILS 420 GP 422
3.6.3.1 Mounting Height of the Dipole Arrays
Besides the calculated data sheet from project engineering the dipole mounting heights above
ground can be calculated by approximation with the following formulas depending on the desired
glide path angle and taking into account the conditions of the intervening terrain.
− GP−1F (0−reference)
h A1 + l h A2 + 2hA1
4 sin(GP ë* FWD slope G )
− GP−1F (B−type)
h A1 + l h A2 + 3hA1
− GP−2F (M−type)
h A1 + l h A2 + 2hA1 h A3 + 3hA1
FWD slopeG = antenna apron
Fig. 3−20 to 3−22 give an overview to possible dipole mounting heights with respect to the desired
glide path angle for flat terrain. The values in the tables are for information only.
GLIDE PATH ANGLE [ ° ] UPPER ANTENNA A2 (SBO) [m] LOWER ANTENNA A1 (CSB) [m]
2.5 10.4 5.2
2.6 10.0 5.0
2.7 9.65 4.82
2.8 9.3 4.65
2.9 8.96 4.48
3.0 8.68 4.34
3.1 8.38 4.19
3.2 8.13 4.06
3.3 7.88 3.94
3.4 7.65 3.82
3.5 7.44 3.72
Fig. 3−20 Dipole mounting heights for GP−1F (0−reference), guiding values for flat terrain
GLIDE PATH ANGLE [ ° ] UPPER ANTENNA A2 (SBO) [m] LOWER ANTENNA A1 (CSB) [m]
2.5 7.71 2.57
2.6 7.44 2.48
2.7 7.14 2.38
2.8 6.87 2.29
2.9 6.66 2.22
3.0 6.42 2.14
3.1 6.24 2.08
3.2 6.03 2.01
3.3 5.88 1.96
3.4 5.73 1.91
3.5 5.58 1.86
Fig. 3−21 Dipole mounting heights for GP−1F (B−type), guiding values for flat terrain
Ed. 01.04 SOAC 3−17

GP 422 ILS 420
GLIDE PATH ANGLE [ ° ] DIPOLE HEIGHT A3 [m] MAST HEIGHT [m]

2.3 17.01
2.4 16.2 18.5*
2.5 15.6
2.6 15.0
2.7 14.47
2.8 13.95
2.9 13.44
3.0 13.02 approx.15
3.1 12.57
3.2 12.19
3.3 11.82
NOTE: The values for dipole height is drawn to the upper dipole antenna A3.
Height of the middle dipole antenna A2 = 2/3 of height of A3.
Height of the lower dipole antenna A1 = 1/3 of height of A3.
* normally not used, special design
Fig. 3−22 Dipole mounting and mast heights for GP−2F (M−type), guiding values for flat terrain
3.6.3.2 Displacement of the Dipole Antenna Arrays

The orientation of the dipole arrays A1, A2 and A3 for GP−2F is first performed at the laying antenna
mast. If need be a corrective alignment is to be done at the erected mast during flight check proce-
dure. The displacement of the dipole antenna arrays with respect to one another is necessary in order
to obtain a constant phase relationship between the CSB and SBO along the entire glide path. The
displacement is a function of the distance between antenna mast and runway center line (RWY Dist).
− GS−1F (0−reference and B−type)

The displacement of the antenna shall be made in such a manner that the sideband antenna rela-
tive to the carrier antenna is offset in direction towards the runway. The calculations for the respec-
tive values can be made with the following formulas (used for flat terrain).
2
3h 1
A1 : A2 + symmetrically GP−1F (0−reference)
2 RWYDist
2
4h 1
A1 : A2 + symmetrically GP−1F (B−type)
RWY Dist
− GP−2F (M−type)
Due to the fact that the distances of the 3 dipole antenna arrays are different with respect to the
wave length the phase delays to the touch down point have to be equalized. The displacement
of the upper antenna A3 and the lower antenna A1 shall be divided symmetrically with respect to
the middle of the mast front side: The upper antenna is mounted towards the runway and the lower
away from the runway. The calculations for the respective values can be made with the following
formulas (used for flat terrain).
2
4h 1
A1 : A3 + symmetrically
RWY Dist
2
3h 1
A1 : A2 +
2 RWYDist
3−18 SOAC Ed. 01.04

ILS 420 GP 422
3.6.3.3 Turn around of Dipole Antenna Arrays
The dipole antenna arrays are generally turned around to the runway between 3 to 7 degrees. This
is to minimize the phase error during final approach, which depends on the half−field−strength beam
width of the dipole antenna array.
3.6.3.4 Cabling of Antenna
See Figs. 3−1, 3−19, 3−30 bis 3−32.
The antenna cables fed to the foundation of the mast are hoisted inside the mast and slightly beyond
the antenna in order to bend a sort of loop from which the water may drop off at the lowest point with-
out entering the plug. Pull the weather−proof cover for the antenna connectors over the RF cables
for monitoring and RF supply. Connect the antenna cables to the respective plugs on the rear of the
dipole antenna array. Lay excess cable length in correct loops and fix it within the mast to the cross
struts with UV resistant cable ties. The cable length fed overground have to be the same for all arrays!
3.6.3.5 Obstruction Lights
WARNING
Before connecting the cables check that mains lead is dead.
Mount obstruction lights to the top of the GP−mast. Connect power cable to the lights.
NOTE: It is recommended, to check the function of the lights before erecting the mast.
3.6.4 Additional works for DME antenna mounting

A DME−installation can be collocated to the ILS GP−installation (Fig. 3−15). The antennas of the
DME system can be the sectorial antenna AAN 88 or an omnidirectional antenna AAN 96 (optional,
installation kit Ref. No. 38075 28080 required), which is mounted to the top of the upper mast section
instead of the obstruction lights which are included with this antenna.
The AAN 88 antenna is mounted to the antenna mast with a standard antenna support used also for
the GP dipole arrays. The antenna is recommended to be placed below the antenna A1 at a height
of approx. 2.5 m (antenna center) as shown in Fig. 3−23 which also contains the mounting details.
DME antenna AAN 96 (opt.) DME AAN 88 antenna, rear view

A3
M 1 = upper monitor
Obstruction lights M 2 = lower monitor
A = antenna supply
Antenna A2
A1 Tube of antenna support

outer diameter 60...80 mm
approx. 2.5 m
ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
Fig. 3−23 DME−antenna AAN 88 (standard) and AAN 96 (option), mounting overview
Ed. 10.04
01.04 SOAC 3−19
GP 422 ILS 420
3.6.5 Erecting the assembled Antenna Mast

The antenna mast is erected with the aid of a crane truck. This is done after mounting and adjusting
of the dipole arrays, mounting the obstruction lights, the DME antenna and performing the cabling.
a) A suitable dimensioned hoisting equipment or a crane truck is required to erect the mast following
installation of the antennas and cabling. It is not advisable to erect the mast using improvised
means. If the mast has reached its final position, secure the two remaining corners of the upper
part of the base frame with the screw bolts to the lower part.
WARNING
To avoid injury it is not allowed to stay in the surrounding of the mast during erection
phase. The erection of the mast must not be performed during stormy weather, upcoming
heavy gust of wind or thunderstorms. Use a hose rope as raising harness to avoid dam-
age to the mast.
b) Draw hose rope near the point of attachment (3−19/8) through the mast that two mast section cor-
ners are passed.
c) Avoid squeezing of cables feeding through the hose rope.
d) Lift carefully the mast with the crane truck until it is free from the auxiliary supports. Check the cor-
rect fitting of the hose rope.
e) Erect mast completely. Tighten the hoisting equipment with low tension carefully with the crane
truck when the mast is erected so that dumping of the mast is avoided.
f) Fasten the erected mast to the base frame with both screw bolts removed before assembling.
Additional work to be performed with GP−2F M−Type mast:
− Mount both supports to the support frame and the outer supports using the appropriate installation
material (Fig. 3−24). Fix screws finally to outer support not before section 3.6.6 is performed.
support frame at support frame at antenna mast
antenna mast
view to
runway
support support fastening
fastening support
support
fastening screwed on
ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ
oblong holes ground bolts of foundation
long holes
Fig. 3−24
outer support
ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ
Mounting the supports for GP−2F M−Type mast
foundation for outer support
3.6.6 Alignment of the Mast

The mast must be aligned in a perpendicular position to the apron. The perpendicular alignment
should be checked with a theodolite. First check if an alignment is necessary; the mast position
should be within < ±0.2° at top of a 14.75 m mast. To align the mast, loosen the rag bolt nuts (Fig.
3−16/2) and put suitable shims under the base frame; finally tighten nuts again.
Possible phase errors between CSB and SBO due to position of the mast in relation to the antenna
radiation field can be corrected by lateral displacement of the dipole rows in approach direction. Fix
screws of supports of the GP−2F M−type antenna.
3−20 SOAC Ed. 06.05

01.04
ILS 420 GP 422
3.6.7 Installation of the Monitor Dipole (optional)
3.6.7.1 Determination of Installation Site
The ideal installation site for the monitor dipoles is directly in front of the antennas at a point where
the delay difference between the field of the carrier antenna and the field of the sideband antenna is
180°. The course display "Fly higher" appears at this point as "Fly lower", i.e. the relationships are
the opposite of those for the farfield. Whereas in the farfield for example the 150 Hz predominates
below the glide slope, it predominates above the glide slope at this point. Theoretically the installation
site of the monitor dipole can be calculated with the following formulas. Practically the installation site
for GP−1F, 0−reference and GP−2F, M−type is usually defined after the flight check.
D Mon + 184827 GP−1F (0−reference)

f q2
2 2
h2 * h 1
D Mon + GP−1F (B−type)
2l
2 2
h3 * h 1
D Mon + GP−2F (M−type)
2l
As an example Fig. 3−25 and 3−26 show the approximate distance of the monitor dipole from the
transmitter antennas as a function of the glide angle.
Glide angle Minimum distance Glide Path antenna Monitor dipole,
ideal maximum
[°] [m] [m] [m]
2.250 99 110 124
2.375 89 98 112
2.500 79 88 98
2.625 73 81 91
2.750 66 73 82
2.875 60 67 75
3.000 56 62 70
3.125 51 57 64
3.250 48 53 57
3.375 44 49 55
3.500 41 46 52
Fig. 3−25 Installation site of the monitor dipole with GP−1F (0−reference), guiding values
Glide angle [ ° ] Mast distance [m] Remarks

2.5 119.7 Approx. distance as function of the glide
2.6 110.7 angle at the center frequency 332 MHz.
2.7 103.0 The distance increases by about 1 m at
2.8 95.7 the upper frequency end of 336 MHz, it
decreases by about 1 m at the lower fre-
2.9 88.9
quency end of 328 MHz.
3.0 83.4
The optimum installation site of the M−type monitor dipole is directly in front of the antennas at the 360° point of the antennas
A1/A3 and there in position of the null of antenna A2.
Fig. 3−26 Installation site of the monitor dipole with GP−2F (M−type), guiding values
Ed. 01.04 SOAC 3−21

GP 422 ILS 420
3.6.7.2 Installation of Monitor Dipole

Usually the foundation and the installation is performed after flight check. The flight check defines the
exact location of the dipole foundation and the mounting height of the dipole itself. Perform the follow-
ing steps:
− Perform the foundation work (typical foundations are shown in section 3.5.1).
− Install rag bolts.
− Mount fastening kit to the rag bolts (washers, spring washers, nuts).
− Insert the lower mast section with the lower screw of the swivelling pivot to the mast base.
− Mount upper mast section with obstruction light to the lower section.
− Perform mounting of monitor dipole and cabling.
− Erect the monitor mast and fix it with the second screw of the bearing pivot.
− Perform earthing connection of the mast base.
Remarks to GP−1F, B−Type monitor dipole:

− If the reflector surface is made by concrete, the mast base is directly mounted to rag bolts inserted
in the concrete.
− If it is made of compressed gravel an individual foundation has to be made. The mast base is then
mounted to this foundation.
Monitor dipole
4
GP−1F, B−Type installation

4
1 3
6
2
7
9 5
12
Ä ÄÄ
1 weather proof cover for RF connector 11
Ä ÄÄ
2 coaxial cable to monitor dipole
3 clamp clip
Ä ÄÄ
4 obstruction light
5 antenna mast 10
Ä ÄÄ
6 monitor dipole
7 point of separation
Ä ÄÄ
8 mast base with swivelling pivot 8
9 defined height during flight check
View to
ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
B−type only: GP antenna
10 base frame with side angle
11 foundation
12 mast base
Fig. 3−27 Installation of monitor dipoles
3−22 SOAC Ed. 01.04

ILS 420 GP 422
3.6.8 Check after Antenna Installation
The installed antenna mast and the antenna arrays should be subjected to a further precise visual
check on account of the relationships described above before the transmitter, which has been tested
with a dummy load, is permitted to radiate via the antenna. The check should incorporate:
1) Location of the transmitter mast

Check x−y coordinates as a function of the local installation conditions, as desired height of the
glide slope above the runway threshold and the desired glide angle.
2) Perpendicular mounting of the antennas
Check the perpendicular alignment of the antennas to the apron. To check the perpendicular align-
ment a theodolite is necessary.
3) Height of the antennas
The height is preset by Thales ATM. It will be checked and corrected during the flight check proce-
dure. A rising or falling apron should also be taken into account here. The nominal glide angle is
related to a horizontal line to the touchdown point. Accordingly the antenna height should be in-
creased in case of a rising apron and reduced in case of a falling apron.
4) Displacement of the antennas
The lateral displacement of the two (or three) antenna arrays with respect to one another is impor-
tant in order to ensure a favorable glide slope structure during the final approach. The nominal val-
ues are set by Thales ATM as a function of the antenna heights and the distance of the mast from
the runway.
5) Nature of the apron
Check that the apron meets requirements prior to all setting operations − in particular the flight
check. This applies in particular to the reflection area.
6) Transmitter cables
The coaxial supply cables to the two (or three) antenna arrays are more or less equal in length.
The overground cable lengths should be rolled up and secured carefully to the shelter wall or to
the struts within the mast. Care should be taken to ensure that where possible the sun’s rays are
directed at the two (or three) cables equally in order to reduce the relative phase shift due to tem-
perature changes to a minimum.
Ed. 10.04
01.04 SOAC 3−23
GP 422 ILS 420
3−24 SOAC Ed. 01.04

ILS 420 GP 422
3.7 GROUNDING
3.7.1 General
The type of grounding implemented is dependent on the local terrain. Consequently it is only possible
to provide general guidelines here. Grounding conductors or rods are metallic elements of a particular
form which are either driven into the ground or laid in the ground so as to cover a relatively large area.
All connections in the ground must be welded and protected against corrosion. The ground resis-
tance required for a GP (or other navigation installations) can be given as 5 . This resistance can
only be measured precisely with the aid of special ground resistance measuring equipment. The ex-
act measuring procedure is described in the operating instructions for these devices. Universally valid
instructions are given in Section 3.7.6. Sufficient grounding can generally be obtained if the installa-
tion suggestions described below and the terrain conditions are paid attention to. When estimating
the ground resistance the length and extent of the network laid are the crucial points, not the cross−
sectional area of the conductors. Favorable resistance conditions are provided by arable land and
loamy ground (ground resistivity 100 per meter). The data specified below applies to these condi-
tions. With other types of terrain the factors below must be taken into consideration (increase in the
resistance with respect to the basic values stated).
Moist sandy soil 2x
Dry sandy soil 5 to 10x
Gravel or stones up to 30x
If the ground is not chemically neutral, e.g. if it is salty, it may be necessary to coat all metal parts laid
in the ground with lead or to use a sufficiently non−corrosive steel (e.g. V2A). The different types are
as follows:
ÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂ 0.5...1 m
Radial ground Ground rod or plate Interlinked ground
Fig. 3−28 Different types of ground conductor configuration
3.7.2 Strip or mesh Ground Conductors

Strip ground conductors take the form of a strip, round material or cable laid in the ground at a depth
of 0.5 to 1 m so as to cover a relatively large area.
Materials:
Steel strip (hot galvanized) 100 mm@, min. thickness 3 mm

Copper strip 50 mm@, min. thickness 2 mm
Copper cable (not finely−stranded) 135 mm@.
Ed. 01.04 SOAC 3−25

GP 422 ILS 420
The network should be laid as symmetrical to the GP station as possible. The necessary length and
extension when laid in a straight line, should be estimated from the basic data below.
Strip length Ground resistance
25 m 10
50 m 5
100 m 3
3.7.3 Ground Rods
Ground rods are either pipes or U, L or T−shaped profiles driven vertically into the ground and
1...2 m in length. It is necessary to connect several ground rods together in order to reduce the
grounding resistance. The minimum spacing is twice the length of each ground rod.
Material: Steel (hot galvanized) Pipe 30 x 3 mm

Bracket L 65 x 65 x 7 mm
U−profile U 65 DIN 1026
T−profile T 60 DIN 1024
Probable grounding resistance of a rod: Length 1 m = approx. 70

Length 2 m = approx. 40
The material, cross sectional areas and grounding resistance of the connecting leads to the shelter
should be as for strip ground conductors, (see Section 3.7.2). When pipe−type grounding rods are
fastened with clamps, screws at least M10 in size should be used.
3.7.4 Ground Plates

Ground plates are solid perforated sheet metal plates with dimensions of approx. 0.5 x 1 m or
1 x 1 m, which are embedded vertically in the ground. The top edge of the plates should always be
at least 1 m below the surface. Several ground plates must be connected in parallel in order to reduce
the grounding resistance. The minimum spacing should be 3 m. Material:
Sheet steel (hot galvanized) min. thickness 3 mm

Sheet copper min. thickness 2 mm
The grounding resistance of a plate 1 m@ is approx. 30 . The data for the connecting conductors
is specified in the tables in Section 3.7.2.
3.7.5 Estimating the Ground Resistance
The resistance of each rod, each plate and each supply line used should be determined on the basis
of Section 3.7.2 to 3.7.4. They should be considered as parallel resistances. The resulting ground
resistance should then be calculated as follows: 1/Rres =1/R1+1/R2+1/R3+...+ 1/Rn. Taking into ac-
count the nature of the terrain (for factors see Section 3.7.1) satisfactory grounding conditions can
be assumed if the ground resistance calculated from the base data is < 5 . If the value calculated
is or 5 more, we recommend measuring the ground resistance.
3−26 SOAC Ed. 01.04

ILS 420 GP 422
3.7.6 Measuring the Ground Resistance
See Fig. 3−29.
Three measurements must be performed over a large area in order to determine the ground resis-
tance precisely. The distance between 2 auxiliary grounds required must be large in relation to the
complete ground network of the navigation installation. Two steel rods approx. 1 m long should be
used as auxiliary grounds (reinforcing bars); these should be driven into the ground with only a few
centimeters remaining at the designated points. It is essential that the rods are of equal length and
are driven in to the same depth.
Connected to shelter Shelter Antenna Monitor dipole

Connected to reflection mat
ÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀ
ÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀ
Reflection area
Connected to monitor mast

Ring earth E
Connected to GP antenna mast
>50 m >50 m
>50 m
HE1 HE2
An auxiliary ground is required to measure the ground resistance of the antenna ground and the installation ground.
Fig. 3−29 Example of ground of a GP installation

An example of a GP grounding system with strip conductors is shown in Fig. 3−29. The drawing is
not to scale.
Measurements are performed as shown in the diagram below:

E = Installation ground E
H1 = Auxiliary ground 1
H2 = Auxiliary ground 2 M1 M3
M1 = Measured value 1
M2 = Measured value 2 H1 H2
M3 = Measured value 3
M2
Measured value 1: Resistance between installation ground and auxiliary ground 1
Measured value 2: Resistance between auxiliary ground 1 and auxiliary ground 2
Measured value 3: Resistance between installation ground and auxiliary ground 2
Ed. 01.04 SOAC 3−27

GP 422 ILS 420
When the three measurements have been performed the ground resistance is calculated as follows:
Corr. meas. value 1 + corr. meas. 3 − corr. meas value 2

Ground resistance =
2
The measurement is falsified by the resistance of the 2 test leads. The cross−sectional area of the
test leads should not be less than 1.5 mm@ in order to ensure an adequate breaking strength. With
this cross−sectional area and an assumed length of 2 x 25 m = 50 m, the falsifying resistance would
be 0.58 This resistance should therefore be measured and deducted from measured values1, 2
and 3. The measured values corrected in this manner are entered into the above formula.
3−28 SOAC Ed. 01.04

ILS 420 GP 422
SHELTER
A2 Nearfield Monitor
X7 POSN.
W1 24029 28613 (optional)
X6
W2 24029 28613
X5 A1
W5 24029 28613
X4
W6 24029 28613
W3 24029 28613
J26 J25 J28 J1 J8
A2 A1/CRS PATH/CSB NFM1 OUT A2 OUT A1
CRS CSB
CRS SBO
1) Cabling for B−Type with PAD−S
(Sideband Reference SBR) 1)
lower upper
(A1) (A2) X2 X1
80° long Phase Shifter
Load Z3 A2 (A3) A1 NFM
AT1
J4 J5 J6 J7 J9 J10
J3 PAD−S Stby and On−Air Combiner
(SBO)
(clear.)
J1 J2 SOAC
J20
from Nearfield Monitor

AT2
CSB1 in Load
SBO in
For B−Type, the SBO is fed to CLR input W11*

to INTFC
to reduce power into load AT1
W13*
W12*
TRANSMITTER RACK
W14*
(GP−1F)
W15*
Legend:
X1,X2,X4...X7 coax adapter pieces
* Ref. No. 27288 02153
TNC
Fig. 3−30 System cabling GP−1F (0−Reference, B−Type)
Ed. 06.05 SOAC 3−29

ILS 420 GP 422
X9
A3
X8
SHELTER
Nearfield Monitor
POSN.
W1 24029 28613 A2
X7 (optional)
W4 24029 28613
X6
W7 24029 28613
W5 24029 28613
W2 24029 28613
W6 24029 28613 X5 A1
W3 24029 28613
X4
J27 J26 J25 J28 J2 J1 J8
A3/CRS WIDTH A2 A1/CRS PATH/CSB NFM1 OUT A3 OUT A2 OUT A1
SBO A3
CSB A2
CSB A1
+Clear.
+Clear.
Phase Shifter Z3 Z1
optional
A3 A2 A1 NFM
J7 J8 J9 J10 J5 J3
Stby and On−Air Combiner Power Adder PAD−A X3 X2 X1
SOAC GP−2F active
J20 J4 J2 J1
to INTFC Clear CSB1 SBO CSBA2 W9*

W10*
W11*
TRANSMITTER RACK W12*
(GP−2F active) W13*
W14*
W15*
Legend:
X1....X9 coax. adapter pieces
* Ref. No. 27288 02153
TNC
Fig. 3−31 System cabling GP−2F (M−Type active)
Ed. 06.05 SOAC 3−31

ILS 420 GP 422
X9
A3
X8
SHELTER
Nearfield Monitor
POSN.
W1 24029 28613 A2
X7 (optional)
W4 24029 28613
X6
W7 24029 28613
W5 24029 28613
W2 24029 28613
W6 24029 28613 X5 A1
W3 24029 28613
X4
J27 J26 J25 J28 J2 J1 J8
A3/CRS WIDTH A2 A1/CRS PATH/CSB NFM1 OUT A3 OUT A2 OUT A1
SBO+Clear
CSB+SBO
CSB +SBO
+Clear.
(A3) (A2) (A1)
A3 A2 A1 NFM Phase Shifter Z3 Z1
J7 J8 J9 J10 J6 J4 J5
Stby and On−Air Combiner Power Adder PAD−S X3 X2 X1
SOAC
J20 J3 J1 J2
Clear. CSB1 SBO
to INTFC Clear CSB SBO W9*

W10*
W11*
TRANSMITTER RACK W12*
W13*
(GP−2F standard)
W14*
W15*
from Nearfield Monitor Legend:
X4...X9 coax adapter pieces
* Ref. No. 27288 02153
TNC
Fig. 3−32 System cabling GP−2F (M−Type standard)
Ed. 06.05 SOAC 3−33

ILS 420 GP 422
Antenna System Description First Setup GP−1F
CHAPTER 4
FIRST SETUP GP−1F ANTENNA
4.1 GENERAL
All information about the first setup of the GP installation will be found in Part 2 of the GP Technical
Manual. Only description parts which belong directly to the antenna system will be found in this chap-
ter.
4.2 CHECK OF ANTENNA INSTALLATION

4.2.1 Antenna Height Check
0−Reference:
− Height of CSB antenna A1 in [m] : h1= 300 / f 4 sin (glide angle ± terrain angle)
− Height of SBO antenna A2 in [m] : h2= 2 h1
B−Type:
− Height of CSB antenna A1 in [m] : h1= 300 / f 8 sin (glide angle ± terrain angle)
− Height of SBO antenna A2 in [m] : h2= 3 h1
NOTE: + falling terrain; − rising terrain; f in MHz
4.2.2 Antenna Offset Check
0−Reference:
Antenna offset in [m] : A1 : A2= 3 h12 / 2 D
B−Type:
Antenna offset in [m] : A1 : A2= 4 h12 / 2 D
NOTE: h1 = Height of CSB antenna; D = Lateral distance of GP antenna from runway center
4.2.3 Antenna Mast Check
The antenna mast has to be perpendicular to the apron.
NOTE: This check should be carried out by a surveyor or by the theodolite observer.
4.3 DETERMINING THE MONITOR LOCATION

Refer to Part 2 of the GP Technical Manual.
Ed. 01.04 SOAC 4−1

GP 422 ILS 420
First Setup GP−1F Antenna System Description
4−2 SOAC Ed. 01.04

ILS 420 GP 422
Antenna System Description First Setup GP−2F
CHAPTER 5
FIRST SETUP GP−2F ANTENNA
5.1 GENERAL
All information about the first setup of the GP installation will be found in Part 2 of the GP Technical
Manual. Only description parts which belong directly to the antenna system will be found in this chap-
ter.
5.2 CHECK OF ANTENNA INSTALLATION

5.2.1 Antenna Height Check
− Height of middle antenna A2 in [m] : h2= 300/(f 2sin (glide angle ± terrain angle))
− Height of bottom antenna A1 in [m] : h1= 0.5 h2
− Height of top antenna A3 in [m] : h3= 1.5 h2
NOTE: + falling terrain; − raising terrain; f in MHz
5.2.2 Antenna Offset Check
− A1 : A3 = 4 h12 /D
− A1 : A2 = 3 h12 /2 D
NOTE: D= Lateral distance from runway center
5.2.3 Antenna Mast Check
The antenna mast has to be perpendicular to the apron.
NOTE: This check should be carried out by a surveyor or by the theodolite observer.
5.2.4 Antenna Turn−around Check
The antenna arrays should have the same turn−around to the runway.
5.3 DETERMINING THE MONITOR LOCATION

Refer to Part 2 of the GP Technical Manual.
Ed. 01.04 SOAC 5−1

GP 422 ILS 420
First Setup GP−2F Antenna System Description
5−2 SOAC Ed. 01.04

GS Vol 3

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Reference No.

Instrument Landing System

Glide Path 422

As for details, the electrical and mechanical information given in the

All rights reserved

The equipment documentation comprises:

Part Technical Manuals Code No.

Volume Drawing Set Code No.

Ed. 01.04 SOAC

PART CONTENTS CODE NO.

Cautions call attention to methods Warnings call attention to methods,

NOTE or REMARK : For more information about operations.

Ed. 01.04 SOAC A

Table of effective pages

Pages Ed. Remarks

B SOAC Ed. 06.05

CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1−1

CHAPTER 2 ANTENNA DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−1

CHAPTER 3 ANTENNA INSTALLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−1

Ed. 01.04 SOAC I

Section Title Page

II SOAC Ed. 01.04

4.2 CHECK OF ANTENNA INSTALLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−1

CHAPTER 5 FIRST SETUP GP−2F ANTENNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−1

Ed. 01.04 SOAC III

IV SOAC Ed. 01.04

Ed. 01.04 SOAC V

Fig.−No. Title Page

VI SOAC Ed. 01.04

1.1.1 Overview GP Antenna System

Ed. 01.04 SOAC 1−1

V Glide Path 1F, 0−Type (null reference)

1−2 SOAC Ed. 01.04

Ä GS 1F−antenna SBO CSB DDM 0

Glide path angle

V Glide Path 1F, B−Type (sideband reference)

Glide angle first

Ed. 01.04 SOAC 1−3

1−4 SOAC Ed. 01.04

V Glide Path 2F, M−Type (active)

Fig. 1−5 Vertical radiation patterns GP−2F M−type

Ed. 01.04 SOAC 1−5

1−6 SOAC Ed. 01.04

Type of antennas 1F, 0−type (0−Reference)

Mechanical design Dipole antenna arrays mounted to a aluminium

Weight of dipole antenna array approx. 20 kg

1.2.2 Electrical Data

Integral monitor Signals coupled out by each dipole antenna array

Coupling of integral monitor 30 dB

1.2.3 Nearfield Dipole

Dipole type Horizontally polarized half−wave dipole for

Ed. 01.04 SOAC 1−7

1.3 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

1−8 SOAC Ed. 01.04

Stby and On−Air Combiner

POSN. WIDTH NEARF.

Fig. 2−1 Arrangement of GP−1F antenna system components

2.1.2 Antenna Design

Fig. 2−2 Special features of the reflecting area of a B−type antenna

2−2 SOAC Ed. 10.04

Antenna mast 0−reference Antenna mast B−type

Fig. 2−3 GP antenna masts, design

Ed. 01.04 SOAC 2−3