Professional Documents
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CES-SYS-2015-6
V.P
D.G.M A.V.P Sr.Exec.V.P
Head CES
23/05/2016
Ashutosh Indranil
Dhruv Palekar Anup Mondal
Pailwan Chatterjee
CES Department
Record of Revision
v DC & AC Switches 8
vi Cables and installation accessories 8
vii Earthing and lightning protection 8
I Safety 9
A. Introduction
The depleting sources of fossil fuels, sharp increase in power tariffs to industrialists due to heavy
subsidies to Agriculture, very high T&D losses, decrease in reliability of power required, leads one to
think of the alternative soco-economic, efficient, environment friendly and reliable sources of energies.
The Power crises in Maharashtra is increasing day by day with a peak demand shortfall of 2000 MW.
Maharashtra is having a total installed capacity of 15085 MW (including Central sector share) of
centralized power plants and 623 MW of decentralized non-conventional power plants. Still there is a
large potential in the non-conventional energy sources sector which can be tapped. This distributed
potential can be harnessed to meet increasing power demand and to improve the techno-economic
scenario.
Setting up of large solar power projects requires huge land space whereas availability of land is a
major constraint in Mumbai city limits. The prevailing scenario of declining trend in solar prices and
increasing retail power tariff across most consumer categories like residential, commercial and
industrial consumers would encourage consumers to install roof top solar systems. . Therefore, roof
top solar is set to witness appreciable scaling of capacities in Mumbai. With the new regulation (Net
Metering for Roof-top Solar PV Systems Regulations 2015) issued by MERC, AEML has decided to
issue Technical policy document for NET-metering and LT connectivity.
B. Salient Stipulations in MERC (Net Metering for Roof-top Solar PV Systems) Regulations,
2015 – at a Glance
1. Shall be permitted on “first come first serve” basis (Cl. 3.1)
2. Cumulative Capacity of all Roof-top Solar PV (RT-SPV) Systems under Net Metering
connected to a particular DT of AEML shall not exceed 40 % of its Capacity (Cl.4.1)
3. AEML shall provide information on Website regarding Solar capacity available against each DT
within 3 months of this notification (Cl. 4.2)
4. Roof-top Solar PV System Capacity shall not exceed the Consumer’s Contract Demand (in
kVA) or Sanctioned Load (in kW) (Cl. 5.1)
5. AC Voltage level of Solar Injection shall be as below: (Cl. 5.2)
a. 230 / 240 V (single-phase) -------------------- for capacity less than 8 kW / 40 Amp
b. 400 / 415 V (three-phase) -------------------- for cap. less than 150 kW /187 kVA
c. 11 kV and above --------------------------------- for cap. above 150 kW / 187 kVA
6. HT (11 kV & above) Consumers may inject at LT Bus-bar, provided that Net Meter is installed
on the HT side of Transformer.(Cl.5.4)
7. Consumer may install RT-SPV with or without Battery back-up provided that if battery is
present, separate back-up wiring to prevent the battery Power from flowing into the AEML Grid
in absence of Grid supply. (Cl.6.2)
8. Consumer shall provide adequate protection for Islanding the RT-SPV from AEML Network in
the event of grid supply failure (Cl.6.4)
9. AEML shall ensure that the inter-connection of the RT-SPV System with it’s Network conforms
to Specifications , Standards and other provisions specified in the CEA (Technical Standard for
Connectivity of the Distributed Generation Resources) Regulations, 2013, the CEA (Measures
Relating to Safety & Electric Supply) Regulations 2010 and the MERC (State Grid Code)
Regulations 2006 or as may be specified in future.(Cl. 6.1)
10. Metering arrangement shall have Net Meter (procured and installed by AEML) and also Solar
Generation Meter (procured & installed by Consumer or AEML, who desires that such energy
be counted towards meeting its RPO) (Cl. 7)
The installation shall meet the requirements of Indian Electricity rules, CEA and MERC Guidelines for
grid connectivity. The materials, equipment and methods used in the installation shall conform to the
latest edition of IS and IEC standards, and other national and international applicable standards
including the following. If standard other than IS/IEC are used in design, manufacturing and testing, a
copy of the same in English shall be submitted.
IEEE 929-2000 Recommended Practice for Utility Interface of Photovoltaic (PV) Systems
IEC 61730 Part 1- Requirements for construction & requirements for testing, for safety qualification
2
IEEE 519 Power Quality Standards
IEC 61000 Flicker Standard
IEC 61683 Photovoltaic systems - Power conditioners - Procedure for measuring efficiency
IEC 62093 Balance-of-system components for photovoltaic systems - Design qualification
natural environments
EMC EN 61000-6-2, EN 61000-6-4, EN 61000-3-11, EN 61000-3-12, EN 50178
IEC 62109-2 Safety of power converters for use in photovoltaic power systems - Part 2:
Particular requirements for inverters
IEC 62116 Test procedure of islanding prevention measures for utility interconnected
photovoltaic inverters
Resources) Regulations 2013 frequency and voltage are stable for at-
least 1 minute.
Capable of being Locked in open position,
Manual Isolating May not be rated for Load Break nor may
CEA (Technical Standards for
Switch between have feature of over current protection. It
Connectivity of the
19 grid and should be reached quickly and
Distributed Generation
Distributed conveniently. Should be located at height
Resources) Regulations 2013
generation of at least 2.44 meter above the ground
level.
CEA (Technical Standards for
Inspection, test, Calibration and
Connectivity of the
Maintenance prior to connection shall be
20 Test Certificate Distributed Generation
done by applicant in consultation with the
Resources) Regulations 2013
appropriate licensee is required.
(clause 10)
CEA (Technical Standards for
The applicant shall prepare Single Line
Connectivity of the
Schematic Schematic Diagram in respect of its
21 Distributed Generation
Diagrams system facility and make the same
Resources) Regulations 2013
available to the appropriate licensee
(clause 9)
DC current injection, Flicker and harmonic
CEA (Technical Standards for
shall be done with calibrated meters
Connectivity of the
Power Quality before commissioning of the project and
22 Distributed Generation
Measurement once a year in presence of parties
Resources) Regulations 2013
concerned and indicative date shall be
(clause 8.2)
communicated.
Circuit Breakers or other interrupting
equipment shall be suitable for their
indented application with the capability of
CEA (Technical Standards for
interrupting the maximum available fault
Connectivity of the
current. The DG (distributed generation)
23 Protection Distributed Generation
and associated equipment shall be
Resources) Regulations 2013
designed so that the failure of any single
(clause 7.a,b)
device or component shall not potentially
compromise the safety and reliability of the
system.
The Net Meter and the Solar Generation
Meter shall be installed at such locations in
the premises of the Eligible Consumer as
would enable easy access to the
MERC Regulation 2015 Distribution Licensee for meter reading.
Solar meter
24 clause 7.8, Annexure 3.2.3 Annexure-3 The Licensee shall specify the
Location
and 3.8.3 interface/inter-connection point and
metering point. The uni-directional and bi-
directional or pair of meters shall be fixed
in separate meter boxes in the same
proximity.
The Eligible Consumer shall obtain any
Statutory MERC Regulation 2015
25 statutory approvals and clearances that
Approval clause Annexure -3 .4
may be required, such as from the
F. Equipment Features
The PV modules will be mounted on fixed metallic structures of adequate strength and
appropriate design, which can withstand load of modules and high wind velocities up to 120 km
per hour. The support structure used in the power plants will be hot dip Galvanized Iron (G.I).
Note: Point F.I and F.II are guidelines for Applicant, it is not AEML requirement
1. The Inverter shall have internal protection arrangement against any sustained fault in the
feeder line and against lightning in the feeder line
2. The inverter shall have the required protection arrangements against earth leakage faults
3. DC lines shall have suitably rated isolators to allow safe start up and shut down of the system
4. Circuit breakers used in the DC lines must be rated suitably
5. The inverter shall preferably have provision for galvanic isolation.
6. Each solid state electronic device shall have to be protected to ensure long life of the inverter
as well as smooth functioning of the inverter
7. The inverter shall include appropriate self protective and self diagnostic feature to protect itself
and the PV array from damage in the event of inverter component failure or from parameters
beyond the inverter’s safe operating range due to internal or external causes.
8. Maximum Power tracking facility should be present..
9. Protection against
I. Over current
II. Sync loss
III. Over temp.
IV. DC bus over voltage.
V. Cooling Fan failure(If provided)
VI. Grid Under/Over voltage and frequency
10. Dynamic Reactive Power Support to be present in inverter.
11. Integrated protection in the DC and three phase system.
12. Ground Fault and Arc protection should be there for DC (PV array). Moreover, insulation
monitoring of PV array should be there.
13. AC and DC side disconnect switch / MCCB /ACB should be there for protection/isolation.
14. Power regulation in the event of thermal failure.
15. The Inverter should have functionally to limit the fault current contribution from the Distributed
generation to its full load limit. The protection equipments should be designed to protect
against system abnormality.
V. DC & AC Switches
1. DC SIDE
a. FUSE /MCB of suitable rating should be provided for array input
b. The Input of the Inverter should have DC isolation switch.
2. AC SIDE
a. MCB/MCCB /ACB of suitable rating shall be provided for connection and
disconnection of Inverter & load.
b. Isolating switches (No load Break) should be provided at incoming of the meter cabin.
c. Isolating switches should be provided at the output of the inverter.
d. The Phase and Earth fault protection embedded switches should be provided at
output of the inverter and also in the meter cabins corresponding to solar circuit.
VI. Cables and installation accessories
• The size of the cables between array interconnections, array to junction boxes, junction
box to PCU, PCU to AC Distribution Box etc shall be so selected to keep the voltage
drop and losses to the minimum. Permissible Wire Drop on DC side shall be <= 2%
• All cabling on the roof to be provided with suitable mechanical protection (i.e. cable trays
with top cover or metal conduits). PVC conduits or pipes are not be used.
• To minimize the impact of the voltage rise variables such as inverter location, inverter
output-circuit length and conductor size are to be selected accordingly.
VII. Earthing and lightning protection
Earthing:
• The array structure of the PV yard shall be grounded properly using adequate number of
earthing kits.
• All metal casing or shielding of the power plants shall be thoroughly grounded to ensure
safety of the solar power plants.
Lightning:
• The PV plants shall be provided with lightning & over voltage protection.
• Lightning protection to be as per Indian or relevant IEC standard.
• Surge Protection Device Type 1 and 2 to be provided for lightning and surge protection
respectively.
I. Safety
I. The equipment connected to the Licensee’s Distribution System shall be compliant with relevant
International (IEEE/IEC) or Indian Standards (BIS), as the case may be, and the installation of
electrical equipment shall comply with the requirements specified by the Central Electricity Authority
regarding safety and electricity supply.
II. The design, installation, maintenance and operation of the Roof-top Solar PV System shall be
undertaken in a manner conducive to the safety of the Roof-top Solar PV System as well as the
Licensee’s Network.
III. If, at any time, the Licensee determines that the Eligible Consumer’s Roof-top Solar PV System is
causing or may cause damage to and/or results in the Licensee’s other consumers or its assets, the
Eligible Consumer shall disconnect the Roof-top Solar PV System from the distribution Network
upon direction from the Licensee, and shall undertake corrective measures at his own expense
prior to re-connection.
IV. The Licensee shall not be responsible for any accident resulting in injury to human beings or
animals or damage to property that may occur due to back- feeding from the Roof-top Solar PV
System when the grid supply is off. The Licensee may disconnect the installation at any time in the
event of such exigencies to prevent such accident.
V. The Isolating switches should be provided at output and the input of the Inverter. Moreover,
protection switches as indicated in Annexure should have Phase and earth Fault Protection.
VI. The Meter cabin and corresponding switchgear should be easily accessible.
VII. The Body Earthing of each and every equipment should be followed as per standards. (Atleast at
two separate points for each equipment viz. solar panel, inverter etc should be done from two
separate connected earth pits).
VIII. Standard shutdown procedure to be located close to the inverter. Each circuit switches should be
indicated by the red colored signage (Aluminum plate).
Fig 1: Standard Shutdown Procedure Near Inverter (Laminated Paper fixed to Wall- Font size 16 Arial)
Note: All Signage should be engraved (red color letter and height 7mm) on Aluminum plate with
rivet for fitting at relevant locations. Points I-IV Refer MERC Regulation -2015 Annexure-3 clause 3.
1. Date Of Commissioning
2. Contact Number responsible for O&M of Plant
3. Peak Plant Capacity (KW)
4. No of Inverters with each rating
5. Inverter AC voltage and current
6. Inverter DC input Voltage and current
7. Short Circuit current fed by Inverter during fault
8. No of PV Panels
9. No of Strings
10. No of PV Panel in each Strings
11. Voc of a PV Panel
12. Isc of a PV panel
Fig 2: Specification on the Meter Cabin (Laminated Paper and Fixed in meter cabin-Font size 16 Arial)
CAUTION
SOLAR ELECTRIC
SYSTEM
INVERTER INVERTER
AC DISCONNECT SWITCH DC DISCONNECT SWITCH
Annexure – 1
SLD are categorized accordingly to Generating capacity of PV(Photo Voltaic) plant and voltage level
(Refer: MERC regulation clause 5.2).
Case1:: Typical SLD of grid Connected Roof Top PV with capacity below 8kW – single-phase
B
DC
AEML MCB/Fuse Grid
Solar A
meter
Net
Meter
Load
Load
Fig A.1: Typical SLD of grid Connected Roof Top PV with capacity below 8kW
1. The solar circuit switch “B” should have provision for Phase and earth fault protection.
2. On DC input side and AC output side of the Inverter, should have isolation switch.
3. AEML MCB will be of same rating as per existing policy guidelines.
4. The Inverter AC side (as indicated in SLD) and DC side (after DC connector box but input of
inverter) should have isolation switch.
5. If applicant needs to operate in islanded mode during grid failure. The provision should be
made by the customer to automatically trip switch A (shown in SLD) to avoid flow of power in to
the grid/utility. Otherwise, customer should make provision for manual isolation switch A.
6. The separate meter boxes should be there to accommodate solar meter and bidirectional
meter. Moreover, both meters should be in close proximity. The Net Meter and the Solar
Generation Meter shall be installed at such locations in the premises of the Eligible Consumer
as would enable easy access to the Distribution Licensee for meter reading.
7. Rating of all switches viz inverter, consumer and switch A will be selected based upon rating/
capacity of load and generation. It shall be procured by customers only.
8. In case of multiple injections from single-phase DG connected to the same upstream DT,
AEML shall ensure that they are on alternate phases to prevent undue Voltage imbalance.
Annexure – 2
Case-2 :: Typical SLD for grid Connected Roof Top PV with capacity above 8kW and below
150kW – for Three-phase
Solar Panel
Inverter Switch
Solar Inverter
ACDB (AC
Distribution Board)
Isolating
Transformer
Star /Delta B A AEML Switch
DC fuse
Inverter Consumer ACDB
CES Department
Switch
Fig A.2: Typical SLD for grid Connected Roof Top PV with capacity above 8kW and below 150kW
Annexure – 3
Case 3:: Typical SLD grid Connected Roof Top PV with capacity above 150kW – Three-phase
Surge protection
Solar meter
ACDB
ACB
ACB
50-50N
50-50N and
and 51-
51-51N
51N
0.415/11kV
Star/Delta
Load
Net meter
Consumer 11kV
A Breaker
50-50N and 51-51N
AEML RMU
Fig A.3:; Typical SLD grid Connected Roof Top PV with capacity above 150kW
Annexure – 4
Note: Preliminary Site Survey Activity to be done by Divisional Load remark and Business team
Annexure - 5
Commissioning Check List
Sr. Description Y/N/Value Remarks
No
1 New Meter Cabin of requisite dimensions ready
Automation-compliant motorized Islanding Switch
(A – as per concept SLD) is installed.
2 (In case Anti-islanding is not there or for Island
operation with Battery or Diesel Generator is
planned by applicant).
Note:
1. Points 11 to 19 are the inverter features likely to be present /configured. The documents indicating its
presence should be submitted to Business team and verified by Load remark team. Moreover, its need
should be communicated /explained to consumer during application itself. Furthermore, the compliance of
documents indicating the details of inverter from point 11 to 19 should be checked /confirmed prior to
commissioning visit.
2. Point’s 21, 22, 23 and 24 document compliance need to be checked/confirmed by Business team prior to
commissioning visit. After Submission of Test report (harmonics, flicker, DC injection and reactive
Support) by the Applicant to Businees team, AEML Divisional Load remark team may check its validity by
performing on site testing.
3. Commissioning Check Activity to be done by Divisional Load remark and Business team.
4. Applicant’s Power factor degradation may occur due to lowering Active power import from grid. (it needs
to communicated to consumer)
Annexure - 6
Dimensions of Equipments
Sr.No Description of Equipment Height Width Depth
1 Single phase meter 140 140 100
2 Three Phase meter (in built CT) 200 200 100
3 Single phase MCB 100 20 80
4 Single Phase MCB with casing 130 50 80
5 Neutral Link-63AMp 100 90 40
6 Neutral Link-100AMp 140 110 40
7 Single Phase with Neutral MCB 100 40 80
8 Three Phase MCB 100 60 80
9 Three Phase Neutral MCB 100 80 80
10 100 Amp Fuse unit 250 330 155
Annexure – 7
2. Flicker
3. DC Current Injection
The Routine test report available from inverter manufacturer indicating protection features present in
inverter. However, it should be configured as per CEA Guidelines
6. Routine Test report indicating Reconnection time settings, it has to be configured as per CEA
Guidelines.
7. Reactive Support routine test report, it should be reconfigured as per CEA guidelines.
At 240 volt (Nominal Voltage) to 245 Volt it should operate at unity power factor. However, grid voltage
reduces, inverter should operate in leading power factor with linearly increasing trend up to 230 Volt, and
then it becomes fixed with 0.95 lead (i.e. 30% capacitive). Similarly, for voltage range from 245 to 255
Volt the Inverter should absorb reactive power gradually with maximum power factor 0.95 (i.e. Inductive
30%).
8. DC side ground fault monitoring feature in the inverter. It can confirm from datasheet of the inverter.
Similar for AC side ground fault monitoring feature.
6. Inverter output=20KW
100 Amp MCCB +
100 milliamp