Problem 2.9 The source MMF in the magnetic structure of Fig. 2.46 is fixed at 200 At.

The two
rotors are made of a material with relative permeability 𝜇𝑟 while the core material has a
permeability of 𝜇𝑖 . With the rotors absent, the flux is found to be 0.5236 x 10-5 Wb. With the
rotors in the circuit, the flux is found to be 3.122 x 10-5 Wb. Find the relative permeabilities 𝜇𝑟
and 𝜇𝑟 given that the cross section of the structure is uniform with area 4 x 10- 4 m2.

Fmm = 200 Amp-vuelta

Dos casos:
1. Rotores apagados

𝑙 𝑙𝑖 4.9735∗108 𝑙𝑖
𝑅1 = 𝑅1 = = 𝑅𝑔 = = 3.78 ∗ 107
𝜇∗𝐴 𝜇𝑖 ∗𝜇0 ∗𝐴 𝜇𝑖 𝜇0 ∗𝐴

4.9735∗108
200 = ∅1 ∗ 𝑅1 + ∅1 ∗ 𝑅𝑔 200 = ∅1 ∗ ( + 3.78 ∗ 107 )
𝜇𝑖

∅1 = 0.5236 ∗ 10−5 𝑊𝑏
200 4.9735∗108 4.9735∗108
− 3.78 ∗ 107 = 𝜇𝑖 = 200
∅1 𝜇𝑖 − 3.78∗107
0.5236∗10−5

𝜇𝑖 = 1250,28 𝐻/𝑚
 2. Rotores apagados

0.25 0.016 0.003

𝑅1 = 𝜇 ∗𝜇 −4 𝑅𝑟 = 𝜇 ∗𝜇 −4 𝑅𝑔 = 𝜇 −4
𝑖 0 ∗4∗10 𝑖 0 ∗4∗10 0 ∗4∗10

∅2 = 3,122 ∗ 10−5 𝑊𝑏
3,1831 ∗ 107
200 = 3,122 ∗ 10−5 ∗ (397798,036 + + 5,9683 ∗ 106 )
𝜇𝑟
3,1831∗107
𝜇𝑟 = 200
− 397798,036−5,9683∗106
3,122∗10−5

𝜇𝑟 = 794,95 𝐻/𝑚
Problem 2.31 An electromagnet used to lift steel slabs is shown in Fig. 2.53. Show that the
minimum current required to lift a slab of mass M is given by:

In the preceding expression, 𝑅𝑐 is the reluctance of the magnetic core, A is the cross-sectional
area of one air gap, and g is the acceleration of gravity.

𝑙𝑔 𝑥
𝑅𝑔 = =
𝜇0 ∗ 𝐴 𝜇0 ∗ 𝐴

𝐹𝒎𝒎 = 𝑁 ∗ 𝐼 = ∅ ∗ 𝑅

𝑁 ∗ 𝐼 = ∅ ∗ (𝑅𝑐 + 2𝑅𝑔 )
𝑅𝑐 + 2𝑅𝑔
𝐼 =∅∗( )
𝑁
2𝑥
𝑅𝑐 +
𝜇0 ∗ 𝐴
𝐼 =∅∗( )
𝑁

𝐵2 ∗𝐴
Sea la fuerza de un polo del electroimán: 𝐹 = , pero como son dos polos entonces:
2∗𝜇0

𝐵2 ∗𝐴
𝐹𝑡 = 2 ∗ ( 2∗𝜇 ) también 𝐹 = 𝑚 ∗ 𝑔. Al igualar las ecuaciones se obtiene:
0

𝐵2 ∗𝐴 𝜇0 ∗𝑚∗𝑔 ∅2 𝜇0 ∗𝑚∗𝑔
𝑚∗𝑔 = 𝜇0
𝐵2 = 𝐴 𝐴2
= 𝐴
∅ = √𝜇0 ∗ 𝑚 ∗ 𝑔 ∗ 𝐴

2𝑥
𝑅𝑐 + 𝜇 ∗ 𝐴
0
𝐼 = √𝜇0 ∗ 𝑚 ∗ 𝑔 ∗ 𝐴 ∗ ( )
𝑁
Problem 2.37 The reluctance of the magnetic structure for a plunger-type relay is given by:

Assume that the exciting coil has 1000 turns and that the exciting current is:

Find the magnetic-field force as a function of time and its average value if the displacement is
given by:

400 𝑁2 1000 1000∗(𝑥(0.02−𝑥))

𝑅= 𝐿= = 400 = 𝐿 = 2500 ∗ 𝑥(0.02 − 𝑥)
𝑥(0.02−𝑥) 𝑅 400
𝑥(0.02−𝑥)

1 1
𝑊 = 𝐿 ∗ 𝑖 2 = ∗ (2500 ∗ 𝑥(0.02 − 𝑥) ) ∗ (4 cos 𝑡)2
2 2
𝑑𝑊 𝑑 𝑑
𝐹= = ∗ (0.25 cos 𝑡 − 0.125 cos 𝑡 2 ) ∗ (4 cos 𝑡)2 = (4(cos 𝑡)3 − 2(cos 𝑡)4 )
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑊
𝐹= = −12(cos 𝑡)2 ∗ sin 𝑡 + 8(cos 𝑡)3 ∗ sin 𝑡
𝑑𝑡
Problem 2.36 The inductance of a coil used with a plunger-type electromechanical device is given
by:

Where x is the plunger displacement. Assume that the current in the coil is given by:

Where w=2π(60). Find the force exerted by the field for x = 10^-2 m. Assume that x is fixed and
find the necessary voltage applied to the coil terminals, given that its resistance is 1Ω.

1 1 1.6∗10−5
𝑊 = ∗ 𝐿 ∗ 𝑖2 = ∗ ∗ (5 sin 120𝜋𝑡)2 𝑊 = 0.02 ∗ (sin 120𝜋𝑡)2
2 2 10−2

𝑑𝑊
𝐹= = 754 ∗ sin(754𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑖(𝑡) 1.6 ∗ 10−5
𝐿∗ =( ) ∗ (600𝜋 cos(120𝜋𝑡))
𝑑𝑡 𝑥

Reemplazar x
𝑑𝑖(𝑡)
𝐿∗ = 3,01593 ∗ cos(120𝜋𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑖(𝑡)
𝑣(𝑡) = 𝑖(𝑡) ∗ 𝑅 + 𝐿 ∗ = 5 sin 120𝜋𝑡 + 3,01593 ∗ cos(120𝜋𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
Problem 2.34 Assume that the voltage applied to the coil of the magnetic structure shown in Fig.
2.55 is given by:

Assume that ƛ (0) = 0, and find the force exerted on the movable part in terms of the structure
geometry, Em, W, and time.

1 𝜇0 ∗𝑁 2 ∗𝐴𝑔 𝑑𝑊 𝑖2 𝑑𝐿
𝑊 = ∗ 𝐿 ∗ 𝑖2 𝐿= 𝐹= 𝐹= ∗
2 𝑔 𝑑𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡

𝑥
𝐴𝑔 = 𝑑(𝑎 − 𝑥) = 𝑑𝑎 (1 − )
𝑎
𝑥
𝜇0 ∗ 𝑁 2 ∗ 𝑑𝑎 (1 − 𝑎)
𝐿=
𝑔
𝑖 2 ∗𝜇0 ∗𝑁 2 ∗𝑑 𝐸𝑚 ∗cos(𝑤𝑡)
𝐹= 2𝑔
𝐹𝑚𝑚 = 𝑁𝑖 𝑖= 𝑁

1 1
𝑖(𝑡) = ∫ 𝐸𝑚 ∗ cos(𝑤𝑡) 𝑑𝑡 = 𝐸𝑚 sin(𝑤𝑡)
𝐿 𝐿
1 2
𝐿2 ∗ 𝐸𝑚 sin(𝑤𝑡) ∗ 𝜇0 ∗ 𝑁 ∗ 𝑑
𝐹=
2𝑔
(𝐸𝑚 )2 (sin(𝑤𝑡))2 ∗ 𝑔
𝐹=
𝑥 2
2 ∗ 𝜇0 ∗ 𝑁 2 ∗ 𝑑𝑎2 (1 − 𝑎)
 Problem 2.12 Consider the magnetic structure shown in Fig. 2.49. The flux density in the cast-
iron portion is 0.6 T and the flux density in the sheet-steel portion is I T. This corresponds to an
MMF of 410 At and a flux of 0.35 mWb:

Assume that the permeability of cast iron is 4 x 10-4 and that the permeability of sheet steel is
4.348 x 10-3. Find the dimensions W1, W2, and d for this structure.

20Vrms Rm
0Hz
° HmLm

Rg
N1I1 ϕA HgLg

𝑵𝟏𝑰𝟏 = 𝑭𝒎𝒎 = 410 𝐴 ∗ 𝑉𝑢𝑒𝑙

𝐵 0.6 𝑉𝑢𝑒𝑙
𝐻𝑚 = 𝐻1 = µ1 = 4∗10−4 = 1500 𝐴 ∗
1 𝑚
𝐵2 1 𝑉𝑢𝑒𝑙
𝐻𝑔 = 𝐻2 = = = 230 𝐴 ∗
µ2 4.348 ∗ 10−3 𝑚

𝜙𝐴 = 𝐵 ∗ 𝐴
 𝜙𝑚1 0.35𝑚𝑊𝑏
𝐴1 = = = 5.83 ∗ 10−4 𝑚2
𝐵𝑚1 0.6
𝜙𝑚2 0.35𝑚𝑊𝑏
𝐴2 = = = 0.35 ∗ 10−3 𝑚2
𝐵𝑚2 1
𝑤2 ∗ 𝑑 = 0.35 ∗ 10−3 𝑚2 (1)
𝑤1 ∗ 𝑑 = 5.83 ∗ 10−4 𝑚2 (2)
𝑙𝑚1 = 2𝑤1 + 24 𝑐𝑚
𝑙𝑚1 = 2𝑤1 + 24 𝑐𝑚
𝐹𝑚𝑚
𝑅𝑇 = = 1171428.571
𝜙
2𝑤1 0.24 𝑤1 0.08
𝑅𝑇 = + + +
µ1 ∗ 𝐴1 µ1 ∗ 𝐴1 µ2 ∗ 𝐴2 µ2 ∗ 𝐴2
0.24 0.08
(𝑅𝑇 − µ ∗ 𝐴 − µ ∗ 𝐴 )
1 1 2 2
𝑤1 =
2 1
µ1 ∗ 𝐴1 + µ2 ∗ 𝐴2
𝑤1 = 9.714 ∗ 10−3
5.83∗10−4
De (2) 𝑑= = 0.06𝑚
9.714∗10−3
0.35∗10−3
De (1) 𝑤2 = 0.06
= 5.83 ∗ 10−3 𝑚