Professional Documents
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Seminar Report on
Submitted by
Aishwarya A. Karhade
(Roll Number- 68)
Place: Aurangabad
Date:
Dr. N. G. Patil
Principal
Marathwada Institute of Technology
Aurangabad (M.S.) – 431 005
1) ____________________________________
2) ____________________________________
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is my proud privilege and duty to acknowledge the kind of help and guidance received
from several people in preparation of this report. It would not have been possible to prepare
this report in this form without their valuable help, cooperation and guidance. I am highly
indebted to Prof. Saurabh S. Kohli, for his guidance and constant support. I can’t thank
enough for his tremendous support and help. I feel motivated and encouraged every time I
attended his meeting. Without his encouragement and guidance this seminar would not have
materialized.
I take this opportunity to convey our sincere thanks to Dr. S. M. Badave, Head of
Electrical & Electronics Engineering Department, for providing guidance and whole hearted
cooperation. I am thankful to Dr. N. G. Patil, Principal, Marathwada Institute of Technology,
Aurangabad for his encouraging attitude. I also extend my genuine thanks to all the staff of
Electrical & Electronics Engineering Department for providing valuable guidance.
Aishwarya Karhade
[i]
ABSTRACT
[ii]
CONTENTS
Acknowledgement i
Abstract ii
List of Figures iv
List of Tables v
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction 1
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 Literature Survey 2
3. SYSTEM MODELING AND WORKING
3.1 Construction of Hyperloop 3
3.1.1 Tube 3
3.1.2 Capsule 4
3.1.3 Compressor 5
3.1.4 Suspension
3.1.5 Propulsion 6
3.2 Working principle of hyperloop
4. ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND ECONOMIC CONCERN
4.1 Energy, Environment and Economic Concern 7
4.2 Total cost 9
4.3 Advantages & Limitations of hyperloop 10
5. CONCLUSIONS
5.1 Conclusions 11
5.2 Future Scope 12
References 13
[iii]
List of Figures
[iv]
List of Tables
[v]
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction:
Hyperloop is a completely new mode of fastest transportation. Hyperloop is firstly
proposed by Elon musk and a team of engineer from Tesla Motors and the Space
Exploration Technologies Corporation in August 2013. The concept of hyperloop
includes travelling people from one place to another place in a capsule which is
propelling at a very high speed. We can also call hyperloop as a solar powered
transportation system and it is an alternative of high speed train. Basically hyperloop is
magnetically levitated train which runs inside a long tube or pipe. It consists of low
pressure tube with capsule that is transported at both low and high speeds. It is driven by
linear induction motor and compressor. It includes 28 passenger pods.
For propulsion, magnetic accelerators will be planted along the length of the tube,
propelling the pods forward. The tubes would house a low pressure environment,
surrounding the pod with a cushion of air that permits the pod to move safely at such high
speeds, like a puck gliding over an air hockey table. Given the tight quarters in the tube,
pressure buildup in front of the pod could be a problem. The tube needs a system to keep
air from building up in this way. Musk’s design recommends an air compressor on the
front of the pod that will move air from the front to the tail, keeping it aloft and
preventing pressure building up due to air displacement. A one way trip on the Hyperloop
is projected to take about 35 minutes (for comparison, traveling the same distance by car
takes roughly six hours.) Passengers may enter and exit Hyperloop at stations located
either at the ends of the tube, or branches along the tube length.
Hyperloop is based on a principle of magnetic levitation. The principle of
magnetic levitation is that a vehicle can be suspended and propelled on a guidance track
made with magnets. The vehicle on top of the track may be propelled with the help of a
linear induction motor.
1
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 Literature Survey:
i. Jeffrey C. Chin, Justin S. Gray, Scott M. Jones, Jeffrey J. Berton, they
discussed about the Open-Source Conceptual Sizing Models for the
Hyperloop Passenger Pod in this paper. They concluded that the refined
analysis illuminates several interdisciplinary couplings that alter two major
aspects of the initial concept. First, the pod travel speed and the tube cross
sectional area are linked, forcing the tube size to be to be roughly twice the
diameter of the original specification, in order for the pod to reach Mach 0.8.
Second, the steady-state tube temperature is dominated by ambient thermal
interactions unrelated to the heat generated by the pod compression system.
ii. Mark Sakowski (2016) discussed the current maglev technology along with
the theoretical evacuated tube technology and they concluded that the
hyperloop is feasible and if properly designed, has the potential to be much
more efficient in terms of energy usage of pods traversing down the tube.
iii. N. Kayela, (2014) investigated that the hyperloop is a fifth mode of
transportation alongside trains, planes, automobiles and boats. He discussed
about the railway track for the hyperloop, stations for the hyperloop. Also,
discussed about the two version of capsule that is one is passenger only
version and another is passenger plus vehicle version.
iv. Mohammed Imran (2016) He focused his study element on the hyperloop
technology (the passenger transport system). He discussed about the two
version of hyperloop in that one is passenger only version and another is
passenger plus vehicle version.
v. Musk, Elon (August 12, 2013). "Hyperloop Alpha"(PDF). SpaceX. Retrieved
August 13, 2013. He highlighted the hyperloop project and requirements to
develop the model.
2
3. SYSTEM MODELING AND WORKING
3.1. Construction:
3.1.1 Tube:
The tube is made of steel. There are two tubes which are welded together side by side
configuration to allow the capsules travel in both directions. The tube will be supported
by pillars. There is a solar array are provided on a top of the tubes for the purpose of
power to the system.
3
Fig-2: Arrangement in capsule
3.1.3 Compressor:
The compressor is fitted at the front side of the capsule. It supplies the air to the air
bearings which supports the weight of the capsule. The compressor allows the capsule to
traverse to the low pressure tube without choking the air flow that travels between tube
walls and capsule.
Fig-3: Compressor
3.1.4 Suspension:
Air bearing suspension offers stability and extremely low drag at a feasible cost. A stiff
air bearing suspension is superb for reliability and safety. When there is a gap between
ski and tube walls is high then it shows the nonlinear reaction and which results in large
restoring pressure.
4
Fig-4: Air bearing skies that support the capsule
3.1.5 Propulsions:
To accelerate and decelerate the capsule the linear induction motor is used in hyperloop
system. It provides some advantages over a permanent magnet motor. To accelerate the
capsules there is linear accelerators are constructed on a length of the tube. Stators are
placed on the capsules to transfer momentum to the capsules via the linear accelerators.
Fig-5: Propulsion
5
3.2 Working of hyperloop system
6
4. ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT & ECONOMIC CONCERN
7
Fig 7: Energy cost comparison
8
4.2 Total Cost
The overall cost of the Hyperloop passenger capsule version (Table 1) is expected
to be under $1.35 million USD including manufacturing and assembly cost. With 40
capsules required for the expected demand, the total cost of capsules for the Hyperloop
system should be no more than $54 million USD or approximately 1% of the total
budget. Although the overall cost of the project would be higher, we have also detailed
the expected cost of a larger capsule (Table 2) which could carry not only passengers but
cargo and cars/SUVs as well. The frontal area of the capsule would have to be increased
to 4 m2 and the tube diameter would be increased to 3.3 m.
9
10
4.3 Advantages and Limitation of Hyperloop
Advantages
1) It saves the travelling time.
2) There is no problem of traffic.
3) It is powered by the solar panel.
4) It can travel in any kind of weather.
5) Operating cost of hyperloop is low.
6) Not disruptive to those along the route.
7) More convenient.
8) Resistance to earthquake.
Limitations
1) Turning will be critical.
2) Less movable space for passenger.
3) High speed might cause dizziness in some passenger.
4) Punctured tunnel could cause shockwaves.
11
5. CONCLUSION
5.1 Conclusions:
A high speed transportation system known as Hyperloop has been developed in this
report. The work has detailed two versions of the Hyperloop: a passenger only version
and a passenger plus vehicle version. Hyperloop could transport people, vehicles, and
freight between Los Angeles and San Francisco in 35 minutes. Transporting 7.4 million
people each way every year and amortizing the cost of $6 billion over 20 years gives a
ticket price of $20 for a one-way trip for the passenger version of Hyperloop. The
passenger only version of the Hyperloop is less than 9% of the cost of the proposed
passenger only high speed rail system between Los Angeles and San Francisco.
An additional passenger plus transport version of the Hyperloop has been created
that is only 25% higher in cost than the passenger only version. This version would be
capable of transporting passengers, vehicles, freight, etc. The passenger plus vehicle
version of the Hyperloop is less than 11% of the cost of the proposed passenger only high
speed rail system between Los Angeles and San Francisco. Additional technological
developments and further optimization could likely reduce this price.
12
6. FUTURE SCOPE
13
REFERENCES
[2] Chin, Jeffrey C.; Gray, Justin S.; Jones, Scott M.; Breton, Jeffrey J., Open-Source
Conceptual Sizing Models for the Hyperloop Passenger Pod, 56th
AIAA/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference.
January 5–9, 2015. Kissimmee, Florida. doi:10.2514/6.2015-1587.
[3]Mark Sakowski, “The Next Contender in High Speed Transport Elon Musks
Hyperloop”, 2016
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