Chap (1 3)

Republic of the Philippines
North Eastern Mindanao State University

CANTILAN CAMPUS
CantilanSurigao del Sur, 8317
Website: www.sdssu.edu.ph
Social Media and Communication Competence:
How Criminology Students Navigate the Digital Landscape
An Undergraduate Thesis Presented to

The Faculty of the
College of Criminal Justice Education
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur
In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Degree
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE
Authors
GUILLEN, RICH-AL G.
HUERTE, EXEQUIEL A.
ISIANG, JOMARIE T.
LAPATIS, ARCHIE L.
LASERNA, JAN REY E.
LEQUIT, JUNILIE
LIQUIT, ALVIN G.
LORETO, NEIL B.
LUMANAO, FELOMINO Jr. E.
November 2023
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APPROVAL SHEET
This is to certify that I have supervised the preparations of and read the undergraduate
thesis prepared by Guillen, Rich-al G., Hurte, Exequiel A.., Isiang, Jomarie T., Lapatis,
Archie L., Laserna, Jan Rey E., Lequit, Junilie , Liquit, Alvin G., Loreto, Neil B.,
Lumanao, Felomino Jr. E.., entitled Social Media and Communication Competence:
How Criminology Students Navigate the Digital Landscape A.Y. 2023-2024, and
the said thesis has been submitted for final examination by the Oral Examination
Committee.
Dr. Geraldine V. Darao Dr. Loth Orozco
Adviser Course Adviser
As members of the Oral Examination Committee, we certify that we have examined the
undergraduate thesis, presented before the committee on October 2023 and hereby
recommend it to be accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree in
Bachelor of Science in Criminology.
Panel Member Panel Member
Panel Chairman
This undergraduate thesis is hereby approved and accepted as partial fulfillment of the
requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Criminology.
Dr. Laurence Bazan
Dean, CCJE
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Dedication
This research work is humbly dedicated to our parents, learning institution and to
our instructor who served as our helping hands in making this work possible, to the BS-
CRIMINOLOGY Students of NEMSU Cantilan Campus, above all to our Almighty God.
The Researchers
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TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
Cover Page i
Approval Sheet ii
Dedication iii
Table of Content iv
List of Figure v
Chapter 1. THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
Introduction 1
Theoretical Framework 3
Conceptual Framework 6
Statement of the Problem 9
Schematic Diagram of the Study 8
Significance of the Study 10
Scope and Limitations 10
Definition ofTerms 11
Chapter 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
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Related Literature
Foreign 13
Local 16
Synthesis 21
Chapter 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design 22
Research Locale and Respondents 22
Sampling Technique 23
Research Instrument 23
Data Gathering Procedures 24
Statistical Tools and Annalysis 24
REFERENCES CITED 25
List of Figure
Figure Page
1. Schematic Diagram 8
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CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND IT’S SETTING
INTRODUCTION
Social media has become an integral part of our daily lives, changing the
way we communicate and interact with others. It can be a powerful tool for
connecting with friends and sharing information, but it can also have negative
impacts on communication and social skills. In this, we will explore the impact of
social media on communication and offer strategies for navigating the digital
landscape. One of the most significant impacts of social media on
communication is the shift towards digital communication over face-to-face
interaction. While social media platforms allow us to connect with people all over
the world, they can also lead to a lack of face-to-face communication skills. Many
young people are more comfortable texting or messaging than having in-person
conversations, which can have negative impacts on their ability to communicate
effectively in professional and personal settings.
Social media can impact the way we interpret and understand
communication. With the rise of online communication, there is a greater
emphasis on brevity and immediacy, which can lead to misinterpretations and
misunderstandings. Students may struggle to understand tone and context in
online messages, leading to conflict and miscommunication.
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Selwyn (2012) regarded social media as an application tool that allowed users to
exchange and interact with one another; provided a means to create, edit and
share new forms of visual, textual, and audio content; and a platform to
categorize, label and recommend existing forms of content. Kern (2010) defined
social media as a platform of modern and electronic communication and a means
through which users open online communities to share ideas, information,
personal messages, and other related content messages. This indicates that
social media are online technology platforms that help to connect people that are
both far and near. With the online connection, the users can communicate with
each other, even on different continents, read books, listen to music, save and
check relevant photos and much more. Adaja and Ayodele (2013), in their study,
described social media as web–based and mobile tools which are used to turn
communication into interactive dialogue between communities, organizations,
and individuals. For the purpose of this study, social media is defined as an
online platform where the users can disseminate information, receive information
and interact with many people.
The social media platform allows the users to have access to different
kinds of information that is relevant for a specific purpose. Social media has
made available such tools used for information sharing and interactions among
different people. When social media platforms allow the users to have access to
information and to interact with each other, it means that the communication
process is really involved. Boyd (2006) noted that social media is the most
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significant and important online platform for communication that easily links many
people together world-wide. The most recognized ones in Nigeria were
Blackberry messenger, What’sApp, Facebook, Myspace, Twitter Skype, 2go,
Friendster, and so on (Embi, 2012). But, as has already been stated, for the
purpose of this study, social media is limited to Facebook, What’sApp, Twitter
and YouTube. Social media has no membership restriction, and it can be used
and operated through mobile phones and computer devices. Cohen (2007)
pointed out that these social media platforms can be purposely used in the
education sector.
THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK
According to Albert Bandura during a career spanning the second half of
the twentieth century, psychologist Albert Bandura was responsible for many
groundbreaking contributions in the fields of psychology and education. One of
Bandura’s most influential theories is that of his “social cognitive theory” (SCT)
which postulates that portions of an individual's knowledge acquisition can be
directly related to observing others within the context of social interactions,
experiences, and by outside media influences. He further theorizes that we attain
our sense of “self efficacy”, or our belief about our competence and ability to
succeed, in social situations (Bandura, 1977). Although digital and social media
did not exist when Bandura first introduced SCT in the 1950s, many proponents
of SCT are a useful filter in which to examine the social cognitive effects of digital
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media on today’s teenagers. As youth primarily socialize online, their “self
efficacy” is directly related to their digital consumption. A main concept in
Bandera’s social cognitive theory is that an individual’s actions and reactions, in
almost every situation, are influenced by the actions that individual has observed
others. People observe others acting within an environment and these
observations are then remembered by an individual and help shape their social
behaviors and cognitive processes (Bandura, 1977). Therefore, applying this
concept to today’s American teenagers who live in a ubiquitous digital
environment wherein socialization through and with digital gadgetry is now
atypical teenage behavior, it is of utmost importance to try to understand what
social processes are going on resulting from their digital consumption. Digital
technology is not only an inherent aspect of contemporary teenagers’ lives, but it
affects how they communicate, how they socialize, and ultimately who they are.
Communication can happen by using different media. The newest medium
of communication used by students these days is online social networking sites
(OSNS) such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, CyWorld, and MySpace.
Providing a new forum for communication with others, these sites have
become among people across the globe,particularly to. These media
platforms have quickly succeeded in and outside the campus allowing
students to communicate with anyone else and upload messages and
posts of their choice. Despite the liberty to engage in any communication on
social media, many tend to overlook the basic competence required in
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mediated communication. Spiltzberg and Cupach (1989) defined
competence as something that depicts the value of the quality of
communication. It is about managing a person’s capacities to exhibit
communication skills, either intrinsic or created, to achieve
communicative objectives. Facebook is one of the most favored social
media sites. Ellison, Steinfield, and Lampe (2007) labeled it Communication
competence on Facebook: Knowing what to say,knowing how to communicate as
well. Talili1, Leslie Mark L. Martirez2, Bryan A. Malaque3, and Aileen A. Bailado.
Social media networking sites is difficult especially since all Web 2.0
technologies seem to share similar traits of interactivity, user-generated content,
content sharing and data upload and download. In their groundbreaking
research, Boyd and Ellison (2008) proffered some universal traits inherent in
social media. They include (1) constructing a public or semi-public profile within
a bounded system, (2) articulating a list of other users with whom participants
share a connection, and (3) viewing and traversing their list of connections and
those made by others within the system. Boyd and Ellison (2008) further point
out that the nature and nomenclature of these connections may vary from site to
site. In addition to sharing the above traits, social networking sites vary in so
many other ways. As a result, users flock to some while others are abandoned
to be rebranded, still others remain dormant. Essentially, SMNs are
predominantly for making social connections. But some, like LinkedIn, are
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intended strictly for business and professional purposes. Others, though, can
serve multiple purposes of socialization, learning, activism, content creation and
sharing and maintaining filial and casual relationships as in Facebook and the
earlier version of MySpace. Additional purposes include updating personal
information and activities and maintaining a one-way parasocial relationship, as
in Twitter. For purposes of the current discussion, the terms social media
networks, social media networking sites and social media network sites will be
used interchangeably. The author, however, acknowledges previous discourse
on the subject of overlooking the nuances inherent in the technicality of each
term when used in their strictest sense. Beer (2008) observed the intricacies in
Boyd and Ellison’s (2008) usage of these terms. However, the social media
phenomenon over the years has metamorphosed into a seamless mesh
whereby their purposes include both relationship initiation in terms of strangers
and relationship maintenance in the case of family and friends; sharing of
information via text, video, audio, picture; as well as learning and a plethora of
other uses. The focus of the current study, however, is on the usage that
college students employ of SMNs and what factors compel them to choose one
or more forms of this media over others.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The study will focus specifically on criminology students as they represent
a unique population with a particular interest in criminal justice and an increased
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likelihood of utilizing social media for personal and professional purposes. By
examining their digital behaviors and communication competency, the research
seeks to provide insights into how criminology students navigate the digital
landscape and the implications of their social media usage for their future
professional careers. Further, demographic variables only employed in this study
to observe the respondents trends and backgrounds, but could not measure out
the weight of demographic variables towards criminology students as per
hypothesis structural framework.
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 Demographic Variable  Criminology  Intervention program
- Age students,
- Gender - assessing their
- Block and Year Level social media
usage patterns
- preferred
platforms
- perceived
communication
competencies
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Figure 1. The Schematic Diagram of the Study
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This study aims to research and understand how criminology students
engage with social media and how it relates to their development of
communication competence in the context of their academics. competence in the
context of their academics.
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I. Demographic profile of the respondents
.a. Age
b. Gender
c. Block and Year Level
1. How do criminology students utilize social media platforms as tools for
communication within the context of their academic pursuit?
2. What strategies and best practices do criminology students employ to
effectively navigate the digital landscape and develop communication
competence while maintaining ethical standard?
3. What are the challenges and opportunities criminology students
encountered when using social media to enhance their communication
competence?
4. To what extent does social media engagement impact the
development of communication competence among criminology
students?
5. How do criminology educators support students in harnessing the
potential of social media for communication competence and staying
informed about the digital aspects of their field?
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This section provides the importance and possible effect of the following:
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Criminology Students. This study will assist them to know how social
media use in educational contexts, specifically within the criminology discipline
and also how criminology students navigate the digital landscape.
TEACHERS –
This will
provide
information
about the role
of social
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media and also

the
effectiveness
to solve crime,
this will help
them to easily
guide their
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students from
the
use of social
media
TEACHERS –
This will provide
information about
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the role of social

media and also
the
effectiveness to
solve crime, this
will help them to
easily guide their
students from the
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use of social
media
TEACHERS –
This will provide
information about
the role of social
media and also
the
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effectiveness to
solve crime, this
will help them to
easily guide their
students from the
use of social
media Criminology Instructors. This study will help or may serve as the
instructors guide about how criminology students engage with social media and
how it relates to their development of communication competence in the context
of their academics.
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TEACHERS –
This will
provide
information
about the role
of social
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media and also

the
effectiveness
to solve crime,
this will help
them to easily
guide their
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students from
the
use of social
media Future Researches. The study will serve as an instrument for future
researchers to the furtherance and guide them identify the sources of knowledge
about this particular topic.
SCOPE AND LIIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
The concern of this study is to determine the importance of social
communication in academically as many curriculum-based activities rely on
working in groups and communication between peers.
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The scope of this study was limited only to criminology students. How it
can be powerful tool for identifying and tracking individuals who are involved in
criminal activity.
The primary sources of the data will be derived from the information that
will be given by the respondents through in-depth interview and research
questionnaire. On the other hand, secondary sources were taken from online or
internet sources.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
For clarity and understanding of the study, the following terms will be
defined operationally.
Social media is a collective term for websites and applications that focus
on communication, community-based input, interaction, content-sharing and
collaboration. People use social media to stay in touch and interact with friends,
family and various communities.
Communication is usually understood as the transmission of
information. The term can also refer to the message itself and to the field of
inquiry studying these transmissions, also known as communication studies. Its
precise definition is disputed.
Communication Competence involves knowledge, motivation, and
skills.
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Digital Landscape is the total collection of hardware, software, and
content that interact with digital advertising. This includes email services,
websites, computers, smartphones, videos, blog posts, and so on
Information is an abstract concept that refers to that which has the
power to inform. At the most fundamental level, information pertains to the
interpretation of that which may be sensed, or their abstractions.
Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals
in a reproducible way. The word technology can also mean the products resulting
from such efforts, including both tangible tools such as utensils or machines, and
intangible ones such as software.
Criminology is the interdisciplinary study of crime and deviant
behaviour. Criminology is a multidisciplinary field in both the behavioural and
social sciences, which draws primarily upon the research
Criminology and Social Media social media and technology have had
a profound impact on the field of criminology. By providing access to data and
enabling law enforcement to respond more quickly and accurately to criminal
activity, these innovations have revolutionized the way law enforcement
investigates and combats crime.
CHAPTER 2
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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presented the related literature and related studies which
both support the complete analysis of the study and help the researcher to justify
the thesis statement of this study.
Related Literature
Foreign
Abrenica (2020) attests that students utilize social media in order to build
influence not only for other things but also to influence their academic performances.
They also use social media to gather different information for their school works, and
other things that need information to validate. According to Valdez (2020), online
gaming also helps the students to have an active mind and potential in academic
performance. It empowers the psyche of the student gamers to be more dynamic,
particularly with puzzle-based games. It likewise assists the player with concocting
choices in difficult spots, particularly with experience games that require the players to
be ready, dynamic, and vital. This proves that somehow the online gaming or one of
the online and social vices of students are actually helping them in some aspects such
as being active and participative. Nonetheless, in spite of these advantages, playing
web-based games turns into a need in their lives since it requires a significant part of
the player's time, in this way leaving school exercises and schoolwork unattended.
Baroña (2022) stated that vices are more shunned nowadays since the students
are stuck in their homes and more prone to influence by many people. Some of the
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students are still able to get their actual vices in addition to their online vices that they
got through social media.
In line with Internet Matters (2021), The individuals who appreciate playing
computer games for relaxation will do so excitedly and profoundly. This can prompt a
craving from youngsters to play for longer and all the more as often as possible.
Obviously, computer games are intended to limit the obstacles to rehash play and
amplify delight. This convincing methodology implies guardians actually must guide
kids with screen time limits as they foster their own limits. These concerns have been
increased with news that the World Health Organization adding "gaming" under the
part that arrangements with 'Issues because of habit-forming ways of behaving which
likewise manages liquor, drugs, betting. There are areas of strength for being among
specialists on the consideration of video gaming in the ICD-11 rundown.
In accordance with Espiritu (2021), Social Media use has become common and
almost unavoidable, having an impact on the manner in which understudies
collaborate, associate, and mingle; it has turned into a fundamental piece of their social
and social texture. Between understudies, online entertainment is utilized to speak with
their schoolmates. It is likewise utilized when scholastic exhibitions are conducted. The
virtual entertainment stages assist with working on the understudies' scholarly
execution and increment their insight through social occasion information and data.
Understudies visit different internet-based stages to accumulate data to settle their
tasks.
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Past studies have found that students who invest more energy via online
entertainment locales are probably going to show poor academic performance. This is
on the grounds that they invest energy visiting on the web and making companions via
social media locales as opposed to understanding books. (Torres, 2021), expressed that
openness to social media has adverse impact on the academic performance of students.
Students invest more energy via social media instead of reading their books and
furthermore they are presently depending via online entertainment to tackle their tasks
without speaking with different sources. Social media's effect on academic
performance is negative. Students who invest more energy via social media are
probably going to perform ineffectively in their scholarly exercises than the people
who don't.
Social media locales are roads for sharing interests, exercises, amusement, and
instructive open doors. Revealed that Facebook, Myspace, Twitter, and different
locales reinforce connections and associate individuals in light of shared interest and
political perspectives. Social media gave off an impression of being a convenient
device for students in their illustrations as they use them to improve their way of
learning, i.e., to really discuss with one another, get college related issues and get the
extra important data (Larena 2000).
Local
Online games and different indecencies are drawing youthful Filipinos from
smoking and drinking liquor, a new report showed. Jaymalin (2016), demonstrates that
the public authority's mission against smoking and drinking liquor is working, however
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the lower utilization of cigarettes and liquor among more youthful Filipinos shouldn't
imply that endeavors to prevent them from indecencies ought to likewise stop.
Significantly, online vices influence the general public as an entire and
individual specifically (Morales 2020). The psychological, physical, academics, and
moral parts of an individual are adversely impacted. Understudies redirect their
opportunity to these vices as opposed to being serious with scholastic works.
As Labana (2021) stated that there are guardians who accept that computer use is
connected with better scholastic execution of the students. It was viewed that as high
school students who utilized instructive programming at home scored altogether higher
on PC education tests than different understudies. James (2012) opined that computers
use at home is likewise connected with enhancements in everyday scholarly execution.
Different examinations likewise found that understudies who own computers at home
had higher in general grades, especially in Math and English, then those without home
computers.
According to Malaya (2022), online vices deprived the rate of students who do
actual vices such as smoking, drinking, and many more vices that are actually affecting
students’ health and well-being. Smith (2005) article stated that exposure to online
vices is a revolutionary innovation since it causes a much better rate of students who
are doomed with addictive substances and vices that affect not only their health, but
also their future.
Related Studies
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Foreign
Numerous vices that are scattered not only in the real world, but also in the
online world. In accordance with Cybersin (2020), the Internet permits specific sifting
of communication. During an online meeting, instant messages are traded, and
subsequently members in the meeting can conceal their actual personality, actual area,
orientation, age, occupation, and nearly all the other things. Anjugu (2013) stressed
that the validity, trustworthiness, strain, and other significant correspondence qualifiers
are commonly accessible to us during up close and personal correspondence, however
these methods are in many cases not present on the Internet.
Moreover, Andreas and Michael (2000) stated that online gambling is the
furthest down the line juggernaut to assume control over the web. With numerous
Poker shows on TV practically every day, betting is presently important for the
standard. Online destinations are all over the place and they make these games simple
to play and approve the utilization of credit cards. It is as yet like the Wild West
because of unregulated online settings and locales, and like this present reality, the
online casinos generally win. Not at all like day-trading or online gaming, there is a
rush or rush in playing these shots in the dark since you get to say you've outfoxed the
enormous house.
There are a few discoveries in the investigation of Virtue Insight (2018), not the
most in- the low degree of arrangement that social media can improve or uphold a
youngster's personality or moral turn of events. While guardians recognized that
positive person qualities, including moral temperance’s like love, mental fortitude and
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graciousness, are advanced through long range interpersonal communication
destinations, they were hesitant to concur that these locales could decidedly affect their
kid's personality.
According to Weeks (2021), along with being stuck in the house, online vices
and virtues are going along a student’s way, there are habits that are being inherited by
many students due to the influence of the Internet. Srivastava supported, just like
online gaming the multiplication of internet exchanging establishments has been
released as one of the most recent proactive ways for individuals to assume control
over their own monetary predetermination. In some unacceptable hands it very well
may be a genuine bet. To say they would need to be fixated on the dealing with and
checking of their records would be putting it mildly. Like a round of chance, there is
the chance of doing insane things like utilizing their home value or basically tying up
their resources in one place to bring in cash. A great deal of web spam offers up simple
tips on hot stocks that, best case scenario, are only an underhanded method for sucking
you dry of people's expenses or cash.
In relation to that, there are many factors that youth should know that contribute
to poor academic performance in school. In line with the journal Kazi (2018) authored,
a portion of those habitual ways of behaving can occupy understudies from their
scholarly work, unfavorably influence their scholastic presentation, social
communications, and rest span, and lead to a stationary way of life and actual
dormancy, which thus can deliver them defenseless against non-transmittable illnesses
and emotional well-being issues.
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Local
In accordance with John (2018), along with these, improper time tables and
management also contribute to poor academic performance of the students. Some are
being exposed too much on social media. They forgot all their school work to get done.
He believes that any student without a legitimate schedule or functional plan is
intending to fall flat. It is miserable that numerous understudies don't have a schedule
by any stretch of the imagination. They have no bearing throughout everyday life. This
frequently brings about by and large disappointment or normal execution.
Poor academic performance of understudies harms the student in a significant
manner. We heard it very nearly a few times that understudies perform inadequately
during tests and that makes them more discouraged and stressed during scholastic
sessions (Soubier, 2020). Okoye, (2000) believed that some of the students accept this
as an individual misfortune and harm themselves. Consequently, we should put the
progressive changes among the individuals who are experiencing unfortunate scholarly
causes. There may be different variables for unfortunate scholarly execution.
According to Citron (2021), the alarming degree of individual digital assaults
and proposes pragmatic, legitimate ways of forestalling and rebuffing online bullying
or assaults. An invalidation of the individuals who guarantee that these assaults are
lawful, or if nothing else difficult to stop. Legitimate points of reference as well as
accepted practices of goodness and mutual respect should be utilized to stop it. As per
Amaechi (2020), poor nurturing by their parents is the significant reason for social
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indecencies. Through legitimate preparation, guardians are to bring forth a specific
number of kids they would have the option to cater for and support as far as giving
their fundamental requirements and giving them quality teaching.
According to Elujekwute (2019), academic achievement, which is
interchangeable with academic performance, is frequently measured by assessment or
continuous evaluation. Thus, according to Masud (2019), academic performance is
among the few parts of scholarly achievement. Many variables, including financial
status, student personality and inspiration, peer, and parental help impact academic
performance.
Subsequently, Sofela (2021) attests that social media's pervasiveness has
expanded quickly. Students' public activities are enhanced by the accessibility of this
internet based local area. Such a site's positive effect on youths was assessed in the
review. Previously, it was guaranteed that occasions would take some time for people
in general to be familiar with them. In any case, because of social media, data on recent
developments and making it known may spread inside a negligible part of a second
after its distribution.
Synthesis of the Study
The study "Social Media and Communication Competence: How
Criminology Students Navigate the Digital Landscape" examines how criminology
students use social media and communicate effectively. Numerous researchers
have looked into how social media affects interpersonal skills and personal
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development in the literature that is currently available, highlighting its
importance in the context of higher education. Studies have shown how the
digital environment can help and hinder effective communication, highlighting the
need for people, especially those pursuing criminology degrees, to be adept at
navigating these platforms. This research draws on previous work in the field to
shed light on the unique challenges and opportunities faced by criminology
students as they engage with social media, thereby contributing to a deeper
understanding of the evolving relationship between digital technologies,
communication competencies, and the field of criminology.
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CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter deals with the method and procedures that was used in the
study. It discusses the research design, research locale and respondents,
sampling technique, research instrument, validation of instrument, data gathering
procedure, and statistical treatment of data.
Research Design
This study will use the qualitative research method which involves
collecting and analyzing non-numerical data (e.g., text, video, or audio) to
understand concepts, opinions, or experiences. It can be used to gather in-depth
insights into a problem or generate new ideas for research and to gather the
facts and information gathered from the respondents in the study. This study was
focusing on the selected number of fourth year, third year, second year, and first
year BS Criminology students using survey questionnaires as a main tool of
gathering data.
Research Locale and Respondents
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The study will be conducted in Northeastern Mindanao State University. It
is where the study and questionnaire will be distributed. This locale was chosen
by the researchers since this school contains a mass number of Bachelor of
Science in Criminology students that could be selected and surveyed by the
researchers.
In order to collect data for the survey, the researchers will choose twenty
(20) first-year students, twenty (20) second-year students, twenty (20) third-year
students, and twenty (20) fourth-year students. The study will receive responses
from 80 participants in total.
Sampling Technique
In selecting the subjects of this study, the researchers will use the random
sampling wherein each member of population was equally likely chosen as point
of the sample subject of this study. Therefore, the purposive sampling approach
was the most suitable for this study because of its non-probability nature, it is one
of the best data collection techniques for quantifiable statistical analysis.
Research Instrument
The researcher will use a survey questionnaire to gather data. The survey
questionnaire will be composed of three parts. First part is the demographic
profile of the BS criminology students. The second part is assessing their social
media usage, preferred platforms, and perceived communication competencies.
For the third part is proposed intervention program.
Validation of Instrument
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CANTILAN CAMPUS
The research study will be validated by the panelist of Northeastern
Mindanao College – Cantilan Campus. A letter request will be given to the Dean
of College of Criminology and to the Vice President of Academic Affairs for
approval on the conduct of the study. After approval, the questionnaires will then
be distributed to the said validators for validation purposes.
Data Gathering Procedure
Before administering the instrument, the researchers will send a letter
request to the Dean of College of Criminology, and Vice President for Academic
Affairs for their approval to conduct the study. After the request will be granted,
the researchers will distribute the questionnaires to the target respondents. Upon
the approval, the researchers will start the survey and give the questionnaires to
eighty (80) selected Fourth Year, third year, second year, and first year BS
Criminology students to answer. The results will be tallied and tabulated for the
analysis and interpretation of the study.
Statistical Treatment
To analyze the data that will be gathered from this study, the following
simple statistical tool will be used. Statistical treatment for qualitative data can be
used to characterize the relationship between variables in a population, or
inferential statistics can be used to test a hypothesis by drawing conclusions from
the data that have been collected. A statistical test known as a T-Test is utilized
to compare the means of two groups. It is usually applied in hypothesis testing to
establish whether a procedure or treatment truly affects the population of interest
32
CANTILAN CAMPUS
or whether two groups differ from one another.
Frequency and Percentage - This was used to describe the distribution
of the profile of the costumers and fast food restaurants. The formula for this
transcribed below:
%=n
N
Where % - percentage
n = frequency of the option
N = total frequency
Mean, Median, Mode - This was used to compute and assess the
respondents’ social media usage, preferred platforms, and perceived
communication competencies.
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_________________________
39
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Name and Signature of Adviser
SURVEY QUESTIONS
Direction: Answer the following question concisely and truthfully. Please write your answer
inside the box.
Demographic Information:
1. What is your age?
2. What is your gender?
3. What is your block and year level?
Social Media Usage:
40
CANTILAN CAMPUS
4. Which social media platforms do you use most frequently for academic purposes?
5. How often do you use social media for academic communication? (daily, weekly,
monthly, rarely)
6. What types of academic communication do you engage in through social media? (e.g.,
group discussions, messaging with classmates, sharing resources)
7. Do you find social media helpful for collaborating with classmates or instructors in
academic contexts? Please explain.
Strategies and Best Practices:
8. What strategies do you employ to effectively communicate through social media for
academic purposes?
9. Are there any ethical guidelines or principles you follow when using social media for
academic communication?
10. Have you received any formal training or guidance on using social media for academic
communication, and if so, how has it influenced your approach?
41
CANTILAN CAMPUS
Challenges and Opportunities:
11. What challenges have you encountered when using social media for academic
communication, if any?
12. Can you identify any specific opportunities or benefits that social media has provided for
your academic communication and competence?
Impact on Communication Competence:
13. In your opinion, how has your use of social media affected your development of
communication competence in the context of your academics?
14. Can you share any examples of how social media has helped you improve your
communication skills or academic performance?
Support from Educators:
15. Have your criminology educators provided any guidance or support related to using
social media for academic purposes? Please describe.
16. How do you feel about the level of support and encouragement you receive from your
educators regarding social media usage in your academic work?
Preferred Communication Methods:
17. Apart from social media, what other communication methods do you find effective for
academic discussions and collaborations?
42
CANTILAN CAMPUS
18. Are there specific situations or contexts where you prefer traditional communication
methods over social media?
Recommendations:
19. What recommendations would you make to improve the integration of social media into
criminology education for better communication competence?
20. Is there anything else you would like to share regarding your experiences with social
media and academic communication in the field of criminology?
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Republic of the Philippines

North Eastern Mindanao State University

Social Media and Communication Competence:

How Criminology Students Navigate the Digital Landscape

An Undergraduate Thesis Presented to

In Partial Fulfillment of the

LASERNA, JAN REY E.

LUMANAO, FELOMINO Jr. E.

Dr. Geraldine V. Darao Dr. Loth Orozco

Adviser Course Adviser

Panel Member Panel Member

Dr. Laurence Bazan

Chapter 1. THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Statement of the Problem 9

Schematic Diagram of the Study 8

Significance of the Study 10

Scope and Limitations 10

Chapter 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Chapter 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Locale and Respondents 22

Data Gathering Procedures 24

Statistical Tools and Annalysis 24

THE PROBLEM AND IT’S SETTING

landscape. One of the most significant impacts of social media on

communication is the shift towards digital communication over face-to-face

conversations, which can have negative impacts on their ability to communicate

effectively in professional and personal settings.

Social media can impact the way we interpret and understand

communication. With the rise of online communication, there is a greater

emphasis on brevity and immediacy, which can lead to misinterpretations and

misunderstandings. Students may struggle to understand tone and context in

online messages, leading to conflict and miscommunication.

social media as a platform of modern and electronic communication and a means

through which users open online communities to share ideas, information,

communication into interactive dialogue between communities, organizations,

and interact with many people.

people together world-wide. The most recognized ones in Nigeria were

Blackberry messenger, What’sApp, Facebook, Myspace, Twitter Skype, 2go,

purpose of this study, social media is limited to Facebook, What’sApp, Twitter

According to Albert Bandura during a career spanning the second half of

groundbreaking contributions in the fields of psychology and education. One of

which postulates that portions of an individual's knowledge acquisition can be

directly related to observing others within the context of social interactions,

experiences, and by outside media influences. He further theorizes that we attain

media on today’s teenagers. As youth primarily socialize online, their “self

efficacy” is directly related to their digital consumption. A main concept in

Bandera’s social cognitive theory is that an individual’s actions and reactions, in

others. People observe others acting within an environment and these

behaviors and cognitive processes (Bandura, 1977). Therefore, applying this

concept to today’s American teenagers who live in a ubiquitous digital

environment wherein socialization through and with digital gadgetry is now

atypical teenage behavior, it is of utmost importance to try to understand what

technology is not only an inherent aspect of contemporary teenagers’ lives, but it

Communication can happen by using different media. The newest medium

of communication used by students these days is online social networking sites

(OSNS) such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, CyWorld, and MySpace.

become among people across the globe,particularly to. These media

platforms have quickly succeeded in and outside the campus allowing

students to communicate with anyone else and upload messages and

posts of their choice. Despite the liberty to engage in any communication on

social media, many tend to overlook the basic competence required in

mediated communication. Spiltzberg and Cupach (1989) defined