Hindi Varnamala (Alphabet )

➢ Alphabet refers to the set of letters in the script.

➢ Alphabet in Hindi is rightly termed as Varnamala.
➢ Individual letters are known as Varna / Akshar
➢ There are 52 varna/akshar/letters in Hindi Alphabet.
➢ Hindi alphabet is basically divided into two :
Swar ( Vowels ) and Vyanjan ( Consonants)
➢ Swar/ vowels are independent but consonants depend on vowels
for their pronunciation and structure.
 Hindi Alphabet

Vowels ( Swar) 11 Consonants

अ –औ ( Vyanjan) 39
क - श्र
Hraswa Swar Sparsh Vyanjan 25
Short Vowels = 4
Aayogwaah (2) Antahstha Vyanjan 4
Deergha Swar अं – अ:
Ushm vyanjan 4
Long Vowels 7
Uchchhipt Vyanjan)2

Sanyukt Vyanjan 4
 Hindi Swar ( Vowels ) 11

Total no of अ, आ, इ, ई ,उ, ऊ, ऋ, ए, ऐ, ओ ,औ
vowels (11) a, aa, i, ee, u, oo, ri, ae, aei, o , au

(4) Hraswa Swar = अ, इ, उ, ऋ

a, i, u , ri

(7) Deergha Swar = आ ई ऊ ए ऐ ओ औ

aa, ee, oo, ae, aei , o ,au
 Hindi Vyanjan ( Consonants)

स्पर्श व्यंजन (Sparsh Vyanjan) (25)

क वर्ग : क ख र् घ ङ = K , Kha , Ga , Gha , Ang

च वर्ग : च छ ज झ ञ = Ch, Cha , Ja , Jha , Iyn
ट वर्ग : ट ठ ड ढ ण = Ta, Tha , Da , Dha , Na ( tongue + U palate)
त वर्ग : त थ द ध न = Ta , Tha, Da Dha , Na ( tongue + teeth )
प वर्ग : प फ ब भ म = Pa, Pha, Ba , Bha , Ma
 अन्तस्थ व्यंजन (Antasth Vyanjan) 4

य, र, ल, व = Ya ,ra , la, va

उष्म व्यंजन (Ushm Vyanjan) 4

श, ष, स, ह = Sha , sha, sa, ha

उच्छिप्त व्यंजन (Uchchhipt Vyanjan) 2

ढ़, ड़ = adha, ada

संयुक्त व्यंजन (Sanyukt Vyanjan) 4

क्ष - क् + ष ् = ksha
त्र - त ् + र् = Tra
ज्ञ - ज ् + ञ ् = Gya
श्र - श ् + र् = shra
 Aayogwah -2
अं ( अनुस्वार)= Ang ( Anuswaar)

अ: ( ववसर्ग) = Aha ( Visarg)

Half Consonant