Date

Page.

|:Pobabili ty and stabstics

Randor: Countable

pnbasiliby mass function

obabiit disibuten hencto

pio
Contnous.: mneasurasle but not Coun table
pnkasility deasity finchon

A randm aiable is a aiable ebch

has ts value de temihe
Lapeunent.
foy eni - whilt tossmg a con HoY I
an don ausle such that

g4 the possible outomes art Coun ta6l

te
then it s a oiscete
ois eret an olon agash
oneln
A connows ran com aiab l is a Ana5
hilh nmite n0 alues
it is meoutasle s t not cous table
Spced aa caY
a
amount
bottle.
so da
 Date
Page

No te: Let the

valucs a
with pp2 --pn topechrly
then ir¿
ndon anol,

whese flai)deaotes
the obability ) hrQ
Contnous
x)
And the pobabi Wty is to butum functm
o no of' tails b6tained cwhen a osh
tossecl3 nes
S = H H H
HHT
HI_ H
H T T
T H Ho
ITHH (X
T H T: )

S 1HHH, HHT, HTH HIT, THHTTH,

THI, TTT{
X 523

pfuon 93/21379% Spi

 Date
Page

Wnte down the obabiliy dsbuton of

4etonq an odd noas the sumof
humttYS
dice
while thvwng two tnbaise eo

(2,) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,S) (2.6

(30) (3,2) (3,3) (3) (3,5) (31)
(4) (y,2), (u,s) (44) (45) (y4, 4)
(Sii). (s,2) (S3) (S,4) (s15) (Si6),
(6,) C6y2) (a3) 6u)

X = 3
P(X=) 2/s
S: {02)(14) Ic)(2) (23) (215)
(312) (3,4) (3 6) (4 (4,3)
(45)(S,2)_(S4) (5,6) (G)
(63) G5)

A random vamabu has followng

prnbabiliy distibu hon fhd the alue
ot K and meen of X.

X 2
2 3 4
P(x=x) k 3K SK 13k

~pisl k
 Date
Page

mean Tnipi
X 2 3
Plx)

2= i P
o+3t /0 21 +36+
49(s. 49 49 49

203-2 29

P(<
P( 3)
3)p(Ms2sS)
3

X |22 3
2k 3)<
e/x:)
3K2+ tk tJ +k=)
lo <2t 9k=]

Can be
 Date
Page.

X 23 4S 6

)o eo|o/o hool od o/po)

P(X=3)t P(X=4) + P(x=5)

2 2 t3
 Date
Page_

If fla)
fl)= e-72
= O

-I/2-h
-2%- e - 2 -4e

4e*

22=2t
2tt

Tet dt
 Date
Page

Ce- e )
E-(0-)

. Con)- kx1-) O2<2

nd k

-o
2

knl-) d
2

ky-kn. d
2

fk dokx'dn

2 3
 Date
Page.

Let conhnuos andom rnably

with
0m<|
nd k stteh thot and detine e D0.
6 such that p (e sb) - P(x > )

KI-)dm

k - Jk' d

K
t
k

K=6
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Sihee plvs b) = p x>b) ye

conside P(4 sb) -/2
flou) dne

6/n2
2 2 2

2 2

Snce pohabitit cannot begah

than les than zeD whese 6e
 Date
P'age

Randor Samplihg denbes a state

where n evey element ma bop /n
has an egual chance of beign Choos
for the sample.

Fouy mby teto

plo of Sampny method
omple
methodl cach iern
has cn equally Ikely posibiÉy of
gethng selecd. nthe Sampl
2. Sbralikec Sancom samp ln- 7t
nvolve cdidhg a popu Zatho mto
Jnups kethteh mila attsbutes
and Aendomly' sompling cachp
3. Cluste Samplng - Tt is Sinilay to
shathed somplhg hCAe pop.n is ddd
h to large number of sub gups
ALh thab some of ths subgnues
Choosen at andor and smple
an oom Samleo are gathereol loith
his
Sub-Youps. This subgrqups ane
called cluytrs.
Systemate sampln
which
Itis a commo

sample
 Date
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Stmple characterihes
Two key charac hais his that he sample
should seLes 4E posses are
Sample Randomnes
2 Sample Reprseatate ness
Semp le Ran domnen means that evey
mdonalual unit cuithin the Pop! hasC
an egual chane of being selectd. for
the sample
Sample Rperstabenen mean that the
Subjéet of poplh Chogsen as emple urately
elen the numben ot the eahe papl".

S/
Enact samplng cis t
4 type eg udct samplng
ist
t E an d z
Iditibuhon is bed
of feet ft, to d tot Mdepen olen
of attobuty
 Date
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Csomple Sne,n230)

t - when Sample sIze is Snal

(ie- n<30)

Two bathea0f 2 animals each

Qven ttot of moculath tn One bat
was houla td cnd othesa not. The
no dad and sumy eninals aye
q n n the foll tuble foy both casen
Canno ulahon Cen be Atdardt Lot
agtpd lltera leany at s Z aleche
gant

Dead
bumvcng To t e

moulatt 2 212 X
12
nloho clat

Ta tud
 Date
Page.

assoiahn, behween

behen

cal

dof,v ()xlc)

2
| 2
5
4

(9 a3-84
As 94
Ho isn l t
 48
3
S3 X3
49 44
49 40
50
50 46 7.8/5
54 2
So
5/ 60
depenlent aedu and cendu Ha'
ctahit tho het !Ho
en bot edu andGadu
Total
53 44 40 Male
315
41 46 54 20j] 700X
Female
60
Bach
L0s. 5% at at
hrs bdua and endes At
tabl.
that clata Theoptahed they el
the xport to ask
wDnpehs each and urvedec uhesc
le andonsample
395 0t A
Page.
Date
enclant arhneduca ades
and Gencly
2-
2486 E(0-¬) cat
2
481
)332 49 S3
0:33 16 48 44
6 (: 49
62 J: 50
032 16 50 46
O32 SD
60
Co-e)
Page
Date
2.)
n<30 Date
Page

t dithtato
The populahnshoued the mea
a aamel
deia hom fom the
Can Say thet thepopulahn hey Cm
a mean

n=/6
Sanpu mearn
Io8.7S populeh, mean.
m
< ( - 1 ) 843-75
6
?43:75 - 52734
n
4. 2 |

O Tet stahss. t -e

l0375- /0275
2616
=-266
| t l 2.G6
 Date

Sape Page.

trol
teal 2"64

LoS = S7.

toX i 2-/3 at sZ Los and oof

=/6-1
=/S

A cetan niecton adminshy to 12 pattnh

sutteo to fo changlo n &.P
5,2, &, -I, 3,0, 6, -2, L,,o, S
(on it be Concluled that the mjeehm will
be m geresal altovplol ya

M
 Date
Page.

1-)
26 I-12
2 -03
S.67 32 |42
-3-323
3
-2-33 5 42
367 I3468
-2 -433 /749
-|33 |.6
-(·33 |-769
-23 3 5. 423
5 2-67 7-12

sui-)=104:6
22 2-33

¿1i-)2 l04623

S 2.9S2
 Date
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O Null Hypo i Ho, No change

Ha efo Heye is chanye
2Test stathcs:
t becauy n <30

tcal 2.619S

tXo=
t 2: 20 2

bal >ts
 Date

Page

* Ceotal Lmit Theoem.

the mean c a sargple of sne
n dhawn faorn a popita h n with mean
e and fite ajanci s 2, then the
sandadise sempe mearO

iS a andonm rasa6
whose distnibu tion functi on
appoaches that of the ston cdavd nonmal
dtstibuhn , ZN(0, 1) as n-> o

QThe /ife tme

elects bulb mgy be considen cin a ande
Vanabllith meen
neen 206 bos
250
2SO houn Cshg central LT. Bnd thL
that
etids eaades 1250 hrs
u J20o houy
6 250
ne

Let oenott the v (ftme of 6o bulb

J2SD- /200
 Date
Page

p(2t|s49)

Z0

Therfoc in wha

A listsbuhon has entnowy men

sampekuch deo hab the

be les than 0-S

tp- <0-5)= 0.95

jet
 Date
Page.

10.4032/

If the ob is to se 095 then hglue

ot z for hich D(z) 0.95 is 1-96
O. 4082 Vn= 96
n 23.05
 Date

P'age

Bivatiate Distibuhon :
BD showS the obakiit 4
e tuo Random, Vanables
Ar a BD Toint nomal dist,
Both andon vasab
vasabeo ae need to nnly
ditibuted and vaabs need to 6e hdy
eacdent Föy egi- Rollae hwo faY die.
7he nunber
depes denl on Athes dice both ie ill
hae a endom chene of shownhg nmben
tz lto s_chanao follows
|2 |34y

/36

To this Case, he prt of cach s Va

both 0l/in of both de is
 Date

Page.

nd tbe n. of | dice kollong

and othen de
that is 36

Dprob Mass fnchnofa ds oete

2) Jont pob, man ntn

W
Condihon al
dero t a PA7B)
P(B
 Date

Page

The jont prob mas fuo" of t o

disot ramables X and ar gen
by p(X-2, y=y)
X and y Can assune all tçers
Osns 2 s3
ako Ahd pob dist
ndy
2.

2c 4c
) 3c 5c
2 2 12¬
3 3 5c
6c4y c 22 |42c

SineeSEtem yy)=/
42c=|

Mangnel deasiky fun. af n and