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T IO S
(iv) ( y2 + 3/2 ) ( y2 - 3/2 )
I
(v) (3 - 2x) (3 + 2x)
NO A D
CO N
Ans. :
A
(i) (x + 4) (x + 10)
PY
DO U A
Using identity,
T
ED PR
(x + a) (x + b) = x2 + (a + b)x + ab
In (x + 4) (x + 10), a = 4 and b = 10
C
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(ii) (x + 8) (x - 10)
Using identity,
(x + a) (x + b) = x2 + (a + b) x + ab
Here, a = 8 and b = -10
(x + 8) (x – 10) = x2 + {8 + (-10)} x + {8 × (-10)}
= x2 + (8 – 10)x – 80
= x2 – 2x – 80
(iii) (3x + 4) (3x - 5)
Using identity,
(x + a) (x + b) = x2 + (a + b) x + ab
Here, x = 3x, a = 4 and b = -5
(3x + 4) (3x – 5) = (3x)2 + {4 + (-5)} 3x + {4 × (-5)}
= 9x2 + 3x (4 – 5) – 20
T IO S
= 9x2 – 3x – 20
I
NO A D
CO N
A
3 3
(iv). (𝑦 2 + ) (𝑦 2 − )
PY
DO U A
2 2
T
Using identity,
ED PR
(x + y) (x – y) = x2 – y2
3
C
Here, x = y2 and y =
2
©
2 3 2 3 2 2 3 2
(𝑦 + ) (𝑦 − ) = (𝑦 ) − ( )
2 2 2
9
= 𝑦4 −
4
T IO S
(i) Using identity,
I
(x + a) (x + b) = x2 + (a + b) x + ab
NO A D
CO N
Here, x = 100, a = 3 and b = 7
A
103 × 107 = (100 + 3) (100 + 7)
PY
DO U A
= (100)2 + (3 + 7) 100 + (3 × 7)
T
ED PR
= 10000 + 1000 + 21
= 11021
C
©
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
Question: 3 Factorize the following using appropriate identities:
A
(i) 9x2 – 6xy + y2
PY
DO U A
(ii) 4y2 - 4y +1
T
ED PR
𝑦2
(iii) x2 –
100
C
Answer :
©
T IO S
a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b)
I
NO A D 𝑦
CO N
Here, a = x and b = ( )
A
10
𝑦 2
PY
𝑦2
DO U A
2 2 -
x - = x ( )
100 10
T
𝑦 𝑦
ED PR
= (𝑥 + ) (𝑥 − )
10 10
C
©
T IO S
(a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
I
NO A D
Here, a = 2x, b = -y and c = z
CO N
A
(2x – y + z)2
PY
DO U A
= (2x)2 + (-y)2 + z2 + (2 × 2x × -y) + (2 × -y × z) + (2 × z × 2x)
T
= 4x2 + y2 + z2 – 4xy – 2yz + 4xz
ED PR
C
T IO S
1 −1
Here, a = a, b = b and c =1
I
4 2
NO A D
CO N
1 −1 2 1 2 −1 2 1 −1
( a+ b + 1) = ( a) + ( b) + (1)2 + (2 × a × b) +
A
4 2 4 2 4 2
−1 1
PY
(2 × b × 1) (2 × 1 × a)
DO U A
2 4
T
1 1 1 1
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 1 − 𝑎𝑏 − 𝑏 + 𝑎
ED PR
=
16 4 4 2
C
Question:5 Factorize:
©
T IO S I
NO A D
Question:6 Write the following cubes in expanded form:
CO N
A
(i) (2x+1)3
PY
(ii) (2a - 3b)3
DO U A
3
T
(iii) [ x+1]3
ED PR
Answer:
©
T IO S
( x + 1)3 = (x)3 + 13 + (3 × x × 1) (x + 1)
2
I
27 27
𝑥3 + 1 + 𝑥2 +
=
8 NO A D 4
CO N
A
27 27 9
= 𝑥3 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥+1
8 4 2
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
2 2 2 2
(x - y)3 = (x)3 – ( y)3 – (3 × x × y) (x - y)
©
3 3 3 3
8 3 2
= x3 - y – 2xy (x - y)
27 3
8 3 4
= x3 - y – 2x2y + xy2
27 3
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
(ii) (102)3 = (100 + 2)3
A
Using identity,
PY
DO U A
(a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab (a + b)
T
ED PR
= 1061208
T IO S
Ans.:
I
(i) 8𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 12𝑎2 𝑏 + 6𝑎𝑏 2
NO A D
CO N
A
Using identity:
PY
(𝑎 + 𝑏)3 = 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 3𝑎2 b + 3𝑎𝑏 2
DO U A
T
= 8𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 12𝑎2 b + 6𝑎𝑏 2
ED PR
= (2𝑎 + 𝑏)3
©
T IO S
= (3 - 5a) ( 3 - 5a) (3-5a)
I
NO A D
CO N
(iv) 64𝑎3 − 27𝑏 3 − 144𝑎2 𝑏 + 108𝑎𝑏 2
A
Using identity
PY
DO U A
1 9 1
(v) 27𝑝3 − − 𝑝2 + 𝑝
216 2 4
Using identity
(𝑎 + 𝑏)3 = 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 3𝑎2 b + 3𝑎𝑏 2
1 9 1
27𝑝3 − - 𝑝2 + p
216 2 4
3 1 3 1 1 2
= (3𝑝) − ( ) − 3(3𝑝)2 ( ) + 3 (3𝑝) ( )
6 6 6
1 3
= (3𝑝 − )
6
1 1 1
= (3𝑝 − ) (3𝑝 − ) (3𝑝 − )
6 6 6
Question: 9 Verify:
(i) x3 + y3 = (x + y) (x2 + y2 – xy)
(ii) x3 - y3 = (x - y) (x2 + y2 + xy)
Ans.:
T IO S
(i) x3 + y3 = (x + y) (x2 + y2 – xy)
I
NO A D
we know that
CO N
(𝑥 + 𝑦 )3 = (𝑥 + 𝑦 )3 − 3𝑥𝑦 (𝑥 + 𝑦)
A
PY
⟹ x3 + y3 = (x + y) (x2 + y2 – xy)
DO U A
T
[Taking (x + y) common]
ED PR
……[(𝑥 + 𝑦 )2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2xy]
T IO S
= (3y + 5z) {(3y)2 – (3y) (5z) + (5z)2}
I
NO A D
CO N
= (3y + 5z) (9y2 – 15yz + 25z2)
A
PY
DO U A
(ii) Using identity,
T
ED PR
x3 - y3 = (x - y) (x2 + xy + y2)
64m3 + 125n3 = (4m)3 - (7n)3
C
Question: 11 Factorize:
27𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 + 𝑧 3 − 9𝑥𝑦𝑧
Ans.:
27𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 + 𝑧 3 − 9𝑥𝑦𝑧
= (3𝑥)3 + 𝑦 3 + 𝑧 3 − 3 × 3𝑥𝑦𝑧
Using identity,
𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 + 𝑧 3 − 3𝑥𝑦𝑧 = ( 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 − 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦𝑧 − 𝑥𝑧)
27𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 + 𝑧 3 − 9𝑥𝑦𝑧
= ( 3x + y + z) {(3𝑥)2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 − 3𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦𝑧 − 𝑥𝑧}
= (3x + y + z) (9𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 − 3𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦𝑧 − 3𝑥𝑧)
T IO S
Ans.:
I
NO A D
We know that:
CO N
A
𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 + 𝑧 3 − 3𝑥𝑦𝑧 = ( 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 − 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦𝑧 − 𝑥𝑧)
PY
DO U A
Dividing and Multiplying RHS by 2 gives,
T
1
ED PR
2
©
1
= ( 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)[(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑦)+ (𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 − 2𝑦𝑧 ) + (𝑧 2 + 𝑥 2 −
2
2𝑧𝑥)]
As,
[ (x - y)2 = x2 + y2 - 2xy, (y - z)2 = y2 + z2 - 2yz, (z - x)2 = z2 + x2 - 2zx]
1
= ( 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)(2x2 + 2y2 + 2z2 -2xy -2yz - 2zx )
2
= R.H.S.
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
Question: 14 Without actually calculating the cubes, find the value of
A
each of the following:
PY
DO U A
(i) (−12)3 + (7)3 + (5)3
T
(ii) (28)3 + (−15)3 + (−13)3
ED PR
C
Ans.:
©
T IO S I
x3 + y3 + z3 = 3xyz
NO A D
CO N
(28)3 + (-15)3 + (-13)3 = 3 (28) (-15) (-13)
A
= 16380
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
T IO S I
Now we will factorize this equation such that, the product of two
NO A D
numbers is 420 and their difference is 12.
CO N
A
= 35y2 – 15y + 28y – 12
PY
DO U A
= 5y (7y – 3) + 4 (7y – 3)
T
= (5y + 4) (7y – 3)
ED PR
T IO S I
Since, the volume is the product of length, breadth, and height therefore
NO A D
by factorizing the given volume, we can know the length, breadth and
CO N
A
height of the cuboid
PY
12ky2 + 8ky – 20k
DO U A
T
= 4k (3y2 + 2y – 5)
ED PR
= 4k (3y2 + 5y – 3y – 5)
= 4k [y (3y + 5) – 1 (3y + 5)]
C
©
= 4k (3y + 5) (y – 1)
Possible expression for length = 4k
Possible expression for breadth = (3y + 5)
Possible expression for height = (y – 1)