GRACIA

MAE B.

ANDRADE
Course Facilitator

I. COURSE TITLE: PHILIPPINE POPULAR CULTURE

II. COURSE NUMBER: GEE 105

III. COURSE DESCRIPTION:

PHILIPPINE POPULAR CULTURE 2022-2023

 The three-unit subject provides the students with critical perspectives in understanding
and way of knowing popular culture in the Philippines. The course gives emphasis on popular
culture through the study of Cultural Studies with a strong focus on culture industry. The
course provides multi-disciplinal attention on how art can be explored in popular culture and
and vice versa. This will take place by having an introductory survey on aesthetics, critical
theory and art criticism. This subject will provide students with the necessary tools of analysis
on exploring the diverse forms of arts by utilizing the everyday contexts of power, mode of
production, representations and subjectivity as critical tropes. Pop Culture will be fleshed out
through mixed media culture such as visual culture, geography, cinema, music/ sound, popular
prints and publications, radio and television, fashion, ads, cyberspace, experience economy etc.
and look at how these cultural products intimate the contemporary social relations and life—
specifically, the affect. Feelings and senses, corporeality, performances, space and place,
technology, globalization and identities.

IV. TOTAL LEARNING TIME: 54 Hours in a Semester

V. OVERVIEW:

This module aims to be a guide to the students of CAPSU DAYAO who are affected of
this COVID-19 Pandemic. This is with regards to the solution to the Commission on Higher
Education (CHED) is trying to implement; specifically it is called The Blended Learning. In
this step, students are encouraged to the online learning as well as the face to face learning.
Preferably, this module is most beneficial to those students who are stranded in their respective
provinces. For all we know that other municipalities in our province have a very poor internet
connection. This will still update them and encourage them to do independent learning. And if
by chance they have access to the internet, they could contact their teachers for some additional
module or clarifications about the said module.

VI. LEARNING OUTCOMES:

A. Provides students with several perspectives, theoretic, issues, debates, disciplines and methods
in exploring Philippine popular culture.
B. To be knowledgeable in Philippine modernity and popular culture.
C. Having an onto-historical inquiry about the Philippine popular culture.
D. Examined the different culture influenced by other countries.
E. Explore the different aspects of Philippine Culture
F. Demonstrated critical, reflective thought about the culture and society
G. Identified the different trends culture in the Philippines
H. Evaluate the trends on the country and how it affects in our daily lives
I. Understood the changes on popular culture because mass media
J. Acquired and honed new skills on how to adapt changes to popular culture
K. Applied these knowledge and skills for the recent situations

PHILIPPINE POPULAR CULTURE 2022-2023

VII.

INDICATIVE CONTENT:

CHAPTER 1 – Introduction to Philippine Popular Culture

-Defining Philippine Popular Culture

CHAPTER 2 – Philippine Popular Culture and its Region.

 National Capital Region Popular Culture (NCR)

CHAPTER 3 – Philippine Popular Culture and its Region.

 Region 1 -Ilocos Region
 Region 2- Cagayan Valley Region
 Region 3-Central Luzon

CHAPTER 4 – Philippine Popular Culture and its Region.

 Region 4 –Southern Tagalog Region ( CALABARZON)
 Region 5- Bicol Region (MIMAROPA)
 Region 6- Western Visayas

CHAPTER 5 – Philippine Popular Culture and its Region.

 Region 7 –Central Visayas
 Region 8- Eastern Visayas
 Region 9- Western Mindanao

CHAPTER 6-Philippine Popular Culture and its Region.

 Region 10 –Northern Mindanao
 Region 11- Southern Mindanao Region ( Davao Region)

CHAPTER 7-Philippine Popular Culture and its Region.

 Region 12- South Central Mindanao Region (Soccksargen)
 Region 13- CARAGAN Region
 Region 14- BARMM- Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim
Mindanao

VIII. DISCUSSION

INTRODUCTION

PHILIPPINE POPULAR CULTURE 2022-2023

 This subject locates popular culture as a historico- spatial condition and phenomenon of
Philippine modernity. The subject will we investigate how the term popular culture is operationalized,
circulated, re- produced, consumed and instrumentalized by the recurring social order. We will also
consider
popular
culture as a
body of
knowledge
that informs
us of the national
life’s sphere
of social
activities and
lived
experience
economy.

ABOUT
THE
COURSE

The three-unit
subject
provides the
students with
critical
perspectives
in understanding
and way of
knowing
popular culture in the Philippines. The course gives emphasis on popular culture through the study of
Cultural Studies with a strong focus on culture industry. The course provides multi-disciplinal
attention on how art can be explored in popular culture and and vise versa. This will take place by
having an introductory survey on aesthetics, critical theory and art criticism. This subject will provide
students with the necessary tools of analysis on exploring the diverse forms of arts by utilizing the
everyday contexts of power, mode of production, representations and subjectivity as critical tropes.
Pop Culture will be fleshed out through mixed media culture such as visual culture, geography,
cinema, music/ sound, popular prints and publications, radio and television, fashion, ads, cyberspace,
experience economy etc. and look at how these cultural products intimate the contemporary social
relations and life—specifically, the affect. Feelings and senses, corporeality, performances, space and
place, technology, globalization and identities.

Popular culture is the set of practices, beliefs, and objects that embody the most broadly shared
meanings of a social system. It includes media objects, entertainment and leisure, fashion and trends,
and linguistic conventions, among other things. Popular culture is usually associated with either mass
culture or folk culture, and differentiated from high culture and various institutional cultures (political

PHILIPPINE POPULAR CULTURE 2022-2023

culture, educational culture, legal culture, etc.). The association of popular culture with mass culture
leads to a focus on the position of popular culture within a capitalist mode of economic production.
Through this economic lens, popular culture is seen as a set of commodities produced through
capitalistic processes driven by a profit motive and sold to consumers. In contrast, the association of
popular culture with folk culture leads to a focus on subcultures such as youth cultures or ethnic
cultures. Through this subculture lens, popular culture is seen as a set of practices by artists or other
kinds of culture makers that result in performances and objects that are received and interpreted by
audiences, both within and beyond the subcultural group. Holistic approaches examine the ways that
popular culture begins as the collective creation of a subculture and is then appropriated by the market
system. Key issues in the sociological analysis of popular culture include the representation of specific
groups and themes in the content of cultural objects or practices, the role of cultural production as a
form of social reproduction, and the extent to which audiences exercise agency in determining the
meanings of the culture that they consume.

CHAPTER I

Learning Objectives:

At the end of the chapter, learners are expected to

1. Discuss the geographical location of the Philippines.

2. Explain the brief history of the Philippines
3. Highlight the different culture and traditions of the Filipino.

Philippines, island country of Southeast Asia in the western Pac Ocean. It is an archipelago
comprising of somewhere in the r 100 islands and islets lying around near moves (800 km) off the of
Vietnam Manila is the capital, but nearby Quezon City is the country most populous city. Both are part
of the National Capital Region (Me Manila), located on Luzon, the largest island. The second largest
island of the Philippines is Mindanao, in the southeast.

The Philippines takes its name from Philip II, who was ruler Spain during the Spanish
colonization of the islands in the sixteenth century. Since it was under Spanish standard for a long time
and under US tutelage for a further 48 years, the Philippines has numerous social affinities with the
West. It is, for instance, the second most-crowded Asian nation (following India) with English as an
official language and one of just two overwhelmingly Roman Catholic nations in Asia (the other being
East Timor). Notwithstanding the unmistakable quality of such Anglo-European social attributes, the
peoples of the Philippines are Asian in consciousness and aspiration.

The nation was wracked by political strife in the last quarter of the twentieth century. In the
wake of suffering over a time of dictator rule under Pres. Ferdinand Marcos, the extensively famous
People Power development in 1986 drove a bloodless uprising against the system. The confrontation
resulted not only in the ouster and exile of Marcos but also in the restoration of democratic
government to the Philippines.

Contemporary Filipinos continue to grapple with a society that is replete with paradoxes,
perhaps the most obvious being the presence of extreme wealth alongside tremendous poverty. Rich in
resources, the Philippines has the potential to build a strong industrial economy, but the country
remains largely agricultural. Especially toward the end of the 20th century, rapid industrial expansion

PHILIPPINE POPULAR CULTURE 2022-2023

was spurred by a high degree of domestic and foreign investment. That growth, however,
simultaneously contributed to severe degradation of the environment. The Philippines also emerged as
a regional leader in education during the late 20th century, with a well-established public school and
university system and by the early 21st century the country had one of the highest literacy rates in
Asia.

Philippine Culture

The culture of the Philippines is influenced by both the east and the west. The Philippines is
commonly referred to as a melting pot of western and eastern cultures. The traditional culture of the
Philippines is heavily influenced by the traditions of the indigenous Austronesian people. The cultural
landscape also features Spanish, American, Japanese, Arabic, and Indonesian influence. The major
religions in the country are Christianity and Islam which have played a significant role in shaping the
culture of the Philippines.

Social Beliefs and Customs

The social beliefs and customs practiced in the Philippines are primarily influenced by religion
and demographics of the region where they are practiced. The traditional customs of the indigenous
Filipinos are based on the beliefs of the Austronesian inhabitants of the Philippines.

Religion, Festivals and Holidays

The Constitution of the Philippines provides for the freedom of religion. The Philippines is one
of the few Asian countries to have a Christian majority. About 90.07% of Philippines residents
identify as Christians with 80.58% of the population being followers of the Roman Catholic Church
and about 11% being other Christian denominations. Islam is the second largest religion in the country
with about 5.6% of citizens identifying as Muslim. The majority of the Muslim Filipinos are Sunni
Muslims, but there is also a small number of Ahmadiyya Muslims. The cultural diversity in the
Philippines is showcased in numerous festivals, locally known as fiestas, which are celebrated in the
country, All of the festivals have religious or cultural significance. Due to the predominance of the
Roman Catholic faith, most cities and towns in the Philippines have patron saints who are honored
through festivals. For instance, the Silmugi Festival (held in honor of Saint Sebastian), the Sinulog
Festival (held in honor of Santo Nino de Cebu), and the Kuraldal Festival (held in honor of Saint
Lucy) While most festivals are only observed in particular regions or towns, some are public holidays
which are celebrated all over the country Some public holidays observed in the Philippines include
New Year's Day (observed on January 1st), the Holy Week (observed between March and April),
Independence Day (observed on June 12th), Christmas Day (observed on December 25th), and Rizal
Day (observed on December 30th).

Music and Dance

The music composed in the Philippines is influenced by all the cultures in the country. The
traditional folk songs are primarily inspired by the indigenous customs and beliefs. Some notable
composers of Filipino folk music include Lucio San Pedro from the National Artist for Music as well
as Antonio Buenaventura, a renowned patriotic music composer. The music composed in the urban
regions of the Philippines, particularly targeted to the youth is known as original pinoy music or
Philippine pop music. Popular musicians from this genre include Christian Bautista, Sarah Geronimo,

PHILIPPINE POPULAR CULTURE 2022-2023

Yeng Constantino, and groups such as True Faith, Yano, The Teeth, and Neocolours among others.
Other popular genres include jazz, hip hop, reggae, and Latino music. Dance in the Philippines ranges
from traditional indigenous-inspired dances to modern "western inspired" dances, Tinikling is an
example of a traditional dance nationwide appeal.

Literature and Arts

Ancient Filipino literature was primarily made up of legends and folklore which were the main
forms of literature before the Spanis colonization of the country, These folktales were based on
specific themes and aimed to pass down traditions and cultural beliefs through generations. While
most of these folktales existed as oral literature, written publications did exist particularly during the
Spanish colonial era One such publication is the "Ibong Adarna," a story written by Jose de la Cruz.
Other famed writers of this period include Francisco Balagtas, famed for his publication "Florante at
Laura" as well as Jose Rizal. The earliest form of art is traced back to 5000 BC through pottery
discovered in the Sanga-Sanga Cave. Ancient Filipinos were also gifted tattoo artists who decorated
their bodies in multi-colored pigmentation with environment inspired designs. The tattoo work on
these ancient Filipinos was done so well that Portuguese explorers called them the "Painted People" or
the "Pintados. Modern artists in the Philippines include Damian Domingo, Juan Luna, Fernando
Amorsolo, and Elito Circa who is known world wide for painting using his blood. There are numerous
museums in the Philippines which showcase the artistry in the country which include the National Art
Gallery as well as the Metropolitan Museum of Art located in Manila.

Cuisine

An excellent way that the cultural diversity in the Philippines is portrayed is through the local
cuisine. The cuisine in the Philippines is influenced by local and foreign cultures. Rice is the staple
meal in the country and is usually prepared through steaming and is served together with other foods.
Rice is also ground to rice flour which is used in the preparation of pastries and sweets. The abundance
of fish in the country makes seafood another common food item in most households with tilapia,
clams, mussels, cod, squid, and catfish being salted, fried, and served with rice and vegetables. Other
popular food items in the Philippines include lechon (roasting of a whole pig common during
festivals), mechado (larded beef with tomato sauce), and afritada (pork or chicken prepared with
vegetables and tomato sauce) among others. The country is also home to many "western" fast food
franchises including Pizza Hut, KFC, and McDonald's.

Clothing

The Maria Clara is a traditional dress worn by Filipino women The traditional attire gets its
name from a famous character known as Maria Clara in the epic 19th-century narrative, "Noli Me
Tangere" wen by Jose Rizal The Maria Clara is made of four component namely, the saya (a long
dress), the tapis (a knee-long skirt), the camisa (a con chemise), and the panuelo (a stiff scarf). In
recent years, the Mana Clara has been modernized to produce a modern version known as the terno
which was popularized by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo who wore the terno during the 2008
State of the Nation Address Another traditional garment of the Philippines is the Barong Tagalog

PHILIPPINE POPULAR CULTURE 2022-2023

normally worn by men during special occasions. Also known as the Baro, the Barong Tagalog features
a formal long shirt decorated with embroidery The attire was popularized by President Ramon
Magsaysay who wore the Baro in most state functions.

Linguistic Affiliation

The official languages are Filipino, which is based on Tagalog with words from other native
language, and English. Since only 55 percent of residents speak Filipino fluently, English is used in
colleges, universities, the courts, and the government. The country's seventy to eighty dialects are
derived from Malay languages. Three dialects are of national importance: Cebuano in the southern
islands, Ilocano in the north, and Tagalog, the language of the National Capital Region. When Tagalog
was chosen as the basis for a national language, Cebuano’s refused to use Filipino. "Taglish," a
mixture of Filipino and English, is becoming a standard language. Filipinos are proud that their
country has the third largest number of English speakers in the world. Filipino English includes many
Australian and British terms. It is a formal language that includes words no longer commonly used in
American English, Spanish was taught as a compulsory language until 1968 but is seldom used today.
Spanish numbers and some Spanish words are included in the dialects.

Climate

November to February is the coolest months and a good time to visit the Philippines as far as
weather is concerned. Meanwhile, March to May is the summer months in the country and are
classified as hot and dry. June to October is rainy, with the months between July and September
characterized by typhoons. The average temperature in the Philippines is 86degreesF/30degreesC;
average humidity is 77%. Some parts of the country such as Cebu and its neighbouring provinces in
the Visayas are warm and comfortable in all seasons and can be visited throughout the year.

CHAPTER I Exercises

Name :_________________________________ Date:_______________

Course Yr.& Section:________________________ Score:_______________

General Direction: Strictly NO Erasures and Alterations Any and clarifications should only be
forwarded to the Instructor TOPIC EXERCISE 1

Test 1.

PHILIPPINE POPULAR CULTURE 2022-2023

Identification. Supply the word that being describe .

_____1. The Philippines is composed of how many island)

_____2. To whom did the Philippines takes its name?

_____3.Is commonly referred to as a melting pot of eastern cultures

_____4 These people highly influenced the traditional culture the Philippines.

_____5.These factors highly influenced the social beliefs customs practiced in the Philippines.

_____6. The primary religion in the Philippines.

_____7. A renowned patriotic music composer.

_____8. Is an example of a traditional dance with nationwide appeal

_____9. It was primarily made up of legends and folklore

_____10 Were based on specific themes and aimed to pass down traditions and cultural beliefs
through generations

_____11.Is the staple meal in the country

_____12. Is a traditional dress worn by Filipino women

_____ 13. Traditional garment of the Philippines that is normally worn by men during special
occasions. 14. A good time to visit the Philippines as far as weather is concerned

_____15. A mixture of Filipino and English

Test II. Brief Discussion. Is knowing and understanding about our culture is important? If yes, why?
If not, why not?

PHILIPPINE POPULAR CULTURE 2022-2023