Topic : Light

ANSWERS
IGCSE: Physics Topical Paper 4 1.4: Lenses

Q1. (a) refracts/bends/changes direction NOT curves

Ignore converges/reflection )
downwards/inwards/towards F1/focal point/normal )
speed change/reduces on entering glass OR change of n ) any 3 B1 × 3
OR change of density )
idea of meets surface at an angle/one part of wave hits surface first )
splits into colours )

(b) (i) all 3 rays through F1 M1

all refractions correct
and either all at lens centre line or all at both surfaces A1

(ii) straight line through F1 and F2 B1

(c) (i) X between vertical line through F1 and vertical line through F2 B1

(ii) virtual )
upright )
enlarged ) any 3 B2
same side (of lens as object) ) - 1 e.e.o.o.
further from lens (than object) )

[Total: 9]

Q2. (a) distance from (principal) focus/focal point to (the centre of) the lens B1

(b) (i) image can be formed on a screen

OR is formed by rays of light meeting
OR is formed on the opposite side of the lens from the object B1

(ii) 1. straight line ray from point A to point B

AND lens at intersection of ray and axis. B1
2. ray from A parallel to axis, bent at lens to pass through B. F at
intersection of ray and axis.
OR Ray from point A through nearer focus, labelled F, to lens, bent at
lens, then parallel to axis, to point B B1
3. any third ray from A to B, bent at lens B1

(iii) (distance from image to lens is) reduced B1

(image is) smaller B1 [7]

Q3. (a) (i) BOX 2 ticked virtual B1

BOX 3 ticked magnified B1

(ii) AB circled B1 [3]

 Topic : Light
IGCSE: Physics Topical Paper 4 1.4: Lenses

Q4. (a) (i) all three of: max. B2

• virtual,
• upright / erect / same way up,
• magnified / large(r) (than object)
award 1 mark for one or two correct description(s) which are not contradicted

(ii) RS B1

(iii) eye placed to right of lens B1

(b) any two correct rays from: max. B2

• ray parallel to axis refracted through F
• ray passing through centre of lens undeflected
• ray through added focus to left of lens refracted parallel to axis

image from intersection of rays clearly shown as inverted B1

3 correct rays drawn on Fig. 7.2, from tip of O to intersection of other two rays
and refracted correctly at lens
note: the third ray does not have to be one of those listed above B1

[Total: 8]

Q5. (a) (i) A (on principal axis) between the lens and one focal point B1
AND E somewhere on other side of lens

(ii) on same side as A and further than the principal focus from lens B1

(iii) virtual underlined B1

upright underlined B1

(b) (i) 1. decreases/becomes smaller B1

2. stays the same/unchanged B1

(ii) smaller B1

[Total: 7]

Q6. (a) (i) boxes ticked:

enlarged
upright
virtual B3

(ii) E marked anywhere to right of lens B1

(iii) magnifying glass(es) or lens / eyepiece of telescope / microscope / binoculars

in
(b) object in correct position and correct size and F in correct position from label or
correct ray intersection with axis B1
two correct rays M1
image between 28 mm and 38 mm from lens and labelled as word or letter A1

[Total: 8]
Q7. (a) (i) correct O label B1

(ii) correct I label B1

(iii) correct F label, allow correctly labelled dot to left of lens B1

(iv) correct arrows on both rays, anywhere on each ray B1

(b) 1 / n = sin i / sin r OR n = sin i / sin r in any form OR sin i / n OR n sin i C1

(r = sin-1 ((sin 35) / 1.5) =) 22°
accept if in diagram A1
emergent ray drawn with 27° ≥ r ≥ 18° B1
IGCSE: Physics Topical Paper 4

[Total: 7]

Question Answer Marks

Q8. (a) Diminished, inverted and real ticked. All correct = 2 marks; 1 or 2 correct = 1 mark; contradiction loses 1 mark. B2

(b) Incident ray parallel to axis from tip of object to centre line of lens. Refracted ray from centre line of lens to tip of image B1
OR: Refracted ray parallel to axis from tip of image to centre line of lens. Incident ray from tip of object to meet refracted ray at
centre line of lens
Principal focus to right or left of lens marked

(c) Candidate’s distance from centre of lens to point marked F (even if clearly in wrong position) B1
OR candidate’s distance from centre of lens to correct point even if not marked F

(d) Any straight-line ray from tip of object to tip of image, not passing through a principal focus of the lens, that changes direction B1
at centre line of lens

Total: 5
1.4: Lenses
Topic : Light
Q9. (a) One ray with correct path through lens B1
Another ray with correct path through lens
B1
Rays intersect to right of F and below axis, inverted image

drawn and labelled I B1

(b) enlarged, upright and virtual only underlined or ringed B2

Two of above descriptions underlined B1
IGCSE: Physics Topical Paper 4

Q10.(a) real (answers in any order for 7(a)) B1

enlarged OR magnified B1
Inverted OR upside down B1

Q11.(a)(i) any two rays that start at the top of the image from: M2
• seems to come from F1 to lens and emerges paraxially
• passes through centre of lens undeviated
• paraxial to the lens and passes through F2
two correct rays traced back and image indicated A1
(a)(ii) any two of enlarged; inverted; real underlined B1
enlarged and inverted and real underlined B1
1.4: Lenses
Topic : Light
 Question Answer Marks

Q12.(a)(i) Refraction OR reflection 1

(a)(ii) If refraction in (i) 1

Change or increase or decrease in speed of wave OR change of refractive index OR

If reflection in (i) (1)

Mention of surface or boundary

(b)(i) 2 points both labelled F at 3.5 cm either side of optical centre of lens 1

(b)(ii) Any two of: 2

IGCSE: Physics Topical Paper 4

Paraxial ray from tip of O refracted through farther F/3.5 cm

Undeviated ray from tip of O through optical centre of lens
Ray from tip of O through nearer F refracted paraxially

Image/I drawn from intersection of rays to principal axis with indication that image is inverted 1

(b)(iii) In range 3.6 to 4.1 cm 1

(b)(iv) (Image is) real and light passes through it OR can be projected/seen on a screen OR refracted rays cross/meet 1

Question Answer Marks

Q13. (a)(i) straight line from tip of O to tip of I B1

dotted line/lens marked at 3.0 cm from O B1

(a)(ii) Any one of: B1

paraxial ray from tip of O refracting at lens to tip of I
paraxial ray to I from lens and ray from O to meet it at lens

(a)(iii) (focal length) in range 2.2 cm to 2.6 cm B1

(a)(iv) real and light pass through it/projected on to screen/rays converge B1

(b) (focused rays) set fire to curtain B1

1.4: Lenses
Topic : Light
Question Answer Marks

Q14. (a) both rays straight to left of lens AND top ray bends clockwise AND B1
bottom ray bends anti-clockwise

both rays converge to meet on the centreline at the screen B1

(b) both rays straight to left of lens AND top ray bends clockwise B1
less than in (a)
AND bottom ray bends anti-clockwise less than in (a)

both rays converge and/would meet beyond screen B1

IGCSE: Physics Topical Paper 4

(c)(i) object closer to lens than one focal length B1

(c)(ii) (image) same side (of lens as object) B1

OR image further from lens (than object)

(c)(iii) 1 from 3 of : (image) enlarged/magnified, upright / goes up, virtual B1

all 3: (image) enlarged, upright, virtual B1

Question Answer Marks

Q15. (a) ray parallel to axis and through F M1
ray through centre of lens M1
position of image correct and labelled A1
(b) enlarged and upright B1
virtual B1
(c) different colours have different wavelengths / different frequencies / refracted by different amounts OR dispersion (in glass) B1
1.4: Lenses
Topic : Light
Q16.(a)(i) one correct ray B1

second correct ray B1

rays intersect above axis to left of A AND object drawn from axis to intersection B1

(a)(ii) AC B1

CB B1

Question Answer Marks

IGCSE: Physics Topical Paper 4

Q17. (a) (point) where incident parallel rays meet after passing through lens OR origin of rays that emerge parallel after passing M1
through lens

on principal axis OR use of term paraxial OR centre line A1

(b)(i) enlarged virtual upright M1

two correct answers underlined AND no more than one wrong answer underlined

three correct answers underlined AND no wrong answer underlined A1

(b)(ii)1 both principal focuses marked at points 5.0 cm from the optical centre B1

(b)(ii)2 any two construction lines from: B2

• line from top of I towards far principal focus and traced back from lens horizontally
• line from top of I to (and through) centre of lens
• horizontal line from top of I to lens and traced back to near principal focus

O marked with top at intersection B1

(b)(iii) 2.7 cm ⩾ distance ⩾ 3.1 cm B1

1.4: Lenses
Topic : Light
 Topic : Light
IGCSE: Physics Topical Paper 4 1.4: Lenses