English for Public Health

Unit 1

A. Reading Comprehension
MAN IN SPACE
In April 1961 Yuri Gagarin made the first pioneering manned flight into space in
Vostok 1. He was the first cosmonaut, as the Russian call their space pilots. We call space
pilot astronauts. Both names mean something like “ people sailing to the stars”. The
astronauts have not yet gone that far, but they have reached the Moon. The American
civilian astronauts Neil Armstrong safely made the first human step on the Moon in July
1969.
Just as the extra problems involved in manned space flight? Obviously we must not
only launch man safely, but we must also protect and sustain him in space and bring him
safely back to Earth. To satisfy all these requirements, a manned spacecraft must be a lot
bigger than an unmanned craft. The most successful spacecraft yet to be built is the
American Apollo, which will carry astronauts to the Moon. A new era in space flight will
start when space shuttle enters service.
A spacecraft like Apollo is made of a number of sections, or modules – usually crew
section and equipment section.
The crew section is where the astronauts live in space. It contains couches for the
astronauts to lie on and all the controls, instruments, the computer, the communication
gear which enable them to control the spacecraft. It also has several little manoeuvring
engines which can change the attitude of the craft in space. This part of spacecraft is the
only one that returns to Earth.
The equipment section contains the main power supply, rocket engine, and fuel, and
life-support system. This is the system that supplies fresh air to the crew section, remove
stale air and odours, maintains the correct humidity and temperature, and so on. In flight
generally the crew breathe the air provided by the life support system.
In practice the “air” in spacecraft is not necessarily the same as that in our atmosphere
on Earth. Soyus uses a normal oxygen nitrogen mixture at ordinary atmospheric pressure.
But Apollo uses pure oxygen at a pressure one third that of normal atmospheric pressure.
When they leave the spacecraft in orbit, the astronauts wear a spacesuit connected by
umbilical cord to the on-board life-support system. The spacesuit takes the the of the
Earth’s atmosphere, which presses down on us, gives us the air to breathe, help us to keep
us warm, and protects us from harmful radiation. The spacesuit is designed to do all these
things. It is made of several layers, from inner, water-cooled combinations to a protective,
outer garment
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Vocabulary
Sustain : menjaga supaya tetap hidup
Couches : sofa
Gear : peralatan
Stale : bau tidak sedap
Umbilical cord : tali yang dikaitkan di pusar

B. Comprehension Questions

Exercise 1 Answer the following questions

1. According to the writer, what is one of the requirement for launching man into space?
2. Where do the astronauts control the spacecraft?
3. Where do we find the main power supply of the spacecraft?
4. What does the life support system supply?
5. What does the spacesuit protect the astronauts from?

Exercise 2 Circle T if the statement is true and F if it is false

T/F 1. The manoeuvring engines which can alter the altitude of the craft in space
are In the equipment section.
T/F 2. The life-support system absorbs rotten air and odours.
T/F 3. The air in Soyus spacecraft is very different from the air in our atmosphere
on Earth.
T/F 4. Apollo uses pure oxygen at ordinary atmospheric pressure.
T/F 5. The spacesuit is designed to keep astronauts alive when they are out of
orbit.

Exercise 3 Translate the following sentences into good Indonesian

1. In April 1961 Yuri Gagarin made the first pioneering manned flight into space in
Vostok 1. He was the first cosmonaut, as the Russian call their space pilots.
2. The most successful spacecraft yet to be built is the American Apollo, which will
carry astronauts to the Moon. A new era in space flight will start when space shuttle
enters service.
3. The crew section is where the astronauts live in space. It contains couches for the
astronauts to lie on and all the controls, instruments, the computer, the
communication gear which enable them to control the spacecraft

B. Grammar

B.1 To be : Am, Is, Are

The use of to be
Look at the following examples:
 My name is Lisa (name = noun)
 I’m American. (nationality = noun) I’m from Chicago (adv of place)
 I’m a student. (profession = noun)
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 My father is a doctor and my mother is a journalist. (profession = noun)

 My favourite colour is blue (colour = adjective)
 My favourite sports are football and swimming. (sports = noun)
 I’m at home now. (adv of place )
 It’s ten o’clock (= time )

Positive Negative
I am (I’m) I am not (I’m not)
He is (he’s) He is not (he’s not/ he isn’t)
She is (she’s) She is not (she’s not/ she
It is (it’s) isn’t)
It is not (it’s not / it isn’t)
We are (we’re)
You are (you’re) We are not (we’re not/ we aren’t)
They are (they’re) You are not (you’re not/ you aren’t)
They are not (they’re not/ they aren’t)

 I’m cold. Can you close the windows, please?

 I’m 32 years old. My sister is 29.
 My brother is very tall. He’s a policeman.
 I’m tired but I’m not hungry.
 Tom isn’t interested in music. He’s interested in music.
 Jane isn’t at home at the moment. She’s at work.
 Those people aren’t English. They’re Australian.
 It’s sunny today but it isn’t warm.

That’s = that is there’s = there is here’s = here is

 Thank you. That’s very kind of you.
 Look! There’s Chris
 Here’s your key. Thank you.

Exercises
B.1.1 Put in am, is, or are

1. The weather is nice today.

2. I’m not tired.
3. This bag is heavy.
4. The children are at school.
5. My father is a teacher.
6. My brother and I are good tennis players.
7. Ann is at home.
8. These bags are heavy.
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9. My sister is a nurse.
10.The dogs are mad.

B.1.2 Write full sentences use: is/ isn’t, are/ aren’t

1. (your shoes very dirty) your shoes are very dirty

2. (my brother an engineer) my brother is an engineer
3. (this house not very big) this house isn’t very big
4. (the shops not open today) the shops aren’t open today
5. (my keys in this bag) my keys are in this bag
6. (Jenny 18 years old) Jenny 18 years old
7. (you not very tall) you aren’t very tall
8. (my mother and father happy) my mother and father are happy

B.1.3 Write sentences about yourself

1. ( name) My name is dewi 6. (favourite colour) My favourite colour

is purple
2. (from) I’m from Cilacap 7. (interested in) I’m interested in
cooking
3. (age) I’m 18 years old 8. (favourite food) My favourite food is
bread
4. (job) I’m a colleger/student 9. (favourite sports) My favourite sports
is badminton
5. (married) I’m not married yet 10.(my father’s, mother’s job) my My
father is a finance staff and my mother is a housewife

B.1.4 Write sentences for the pictures. Use : happy, angry, sick, sad, sleepy
1 2 3 4 5

1. He’s sleppy
2. He’s sick
3. He’s angry
4. She’s sad
5. He’s happy

B.1.5 Write true sentences, positive or negative. Use am/ am not/ is/ is not/ are/ aren’t

1. (I/ interested in politics) I’m interested OR not interested) in politics.

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2. (I/ hungry) I’m hungry or I’m not hungry

3. (it/ warm today) it is warm today or it isn’t warm today
4. (I/ afraid of dogs) I’m afraid of dogs
5. ( my hands/ cold) my hands are cold or
6. (Canada/ a very big country) Canada is a very big country
7. (diamonds/ cheap) Diamond isn’t cheap

Am/ is/ are ( question forms)

Look at the following examples

 What’s your name? * How old are you?
 Are you married? * Are you a student?

Positive Question
I am Am I?

He is Is He ?
She is Is She?
It is Is It ?

We are Are We ?
You are Are you?
They are Are They?

Yes/No Questions ( to be + subject +predicate )

 Am I late ?
 Is your mother at home? No, she’s out.
 Is it cold in your room? Yes, A little.
 Your shoes are nice. Are they new?

Wh-questions with Where, what, who, How , Why ( Wh + to be + subject + p)

 Where is your mother ? Is she at home?
 What colour is your cat? It’s red
 How are your parents? Are they well

What’s = what is who’s = who is where’s = where is

* What’s the time
* Where’s Jill?
* Who’s that man?
* Where’s = where is
Short answers
Yes, I am No, I’m not
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Yes, he is No, he’s not or No, he isn’t

Yes, she is No, she’s not or No, she isn’t
Yes, it is No, it’s not or No, it isn’t

Yes, We are No, we’re not or No, we aren’t

Yes, you are No, you’re not or No You aren’t
Yes, they are No, they’re not or No They aren’t

 Are you tired / Yes, I am

 Are you hungry? No, I’m not but I’m thirsty.
 Is your friend English? Yes, he is.
 Are these your keys? Yes, they are.
 That’s my seat. No, it isn’t.

B.1.5 Find the right answers for the questions

1. Where’s the camera? A. London 1. G. In your bag

2. Is your car blue?
3. Is Linda from London?
4. Am I late?
5. Where’s Ann from?
6. What colour is your bag?
7. Are you hungry?
8. How is George?
9. Who’s that woman?
10.How old is Joe?
B. No, I’m not. 2. F. No, it’s black
C. Yes, you are. 3. H. No, She’s American.
D. My sister. 4. C. Yes, you are.
E. Black 5. A. London
F. No, it’s black 6. E. Black
G. In your bag 7. B. No, I’m not.
H. No, She’s American. 8. J. Very well.
I. 9 years old. 9. D. My sister.
J. Very well. 10. I. 9 years old.

B.1.6 Complete the questions. Use : What, Who, Where, How

1. How are your parents? They’re very well.

2. Where’s the bus stop? At the end of the street.
3. How old is your children? Five, six, and ten
4. How much these oranges? $ 1.20 a kilo.
5. What’s your favourite sport? Skiing
6. Who’s the man in this photo? That’s my father
7. What colour is your new shoes? Black.
8. How is your vacation? Great.
9. How many people in your house? Five
10. Who’s that man? A pilot

B.1.7 Write questions

1. (name?) What’s your name? Paul.

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2. ( married or single? ) Are you married or single? I’m married.

3. ( American?) Are you American? No, I’m Australian
4. ( how old?) How old are you? I’m 30
5. ( a teacher?) Are you a teacher? No, I’m a lawyer.
6. ( wife a lawyer?) Is she the wife a lawyer? No, she’s a designer
7. ( from?) Where’s she from? She’s Italian.
8. ( her name?) What’s her name? Anna.

B.1.8 Write short answers

1. Are you married? No, I’m not 6. Are you a teacher? No. I’m not
2. Are you thirsty? Yes, I am 7. Is today rainy day? Yes, It is
3. Is it cold today? Yes, It is 8. Is your father a civil servant? No, he’s not
4. Are your hands cold? No, I’m not 9. Is your house big? No, It’s not
5. Is it dark now? Yes, It is 10.Is your sister a student? Yes, she is

B.2 Pronouns

Subject : I WE YOU THEY HE SHE IT

Object : Me Us You They Him Her It

Examples :
Subject Object
I know Ann Ann knows me
We know Ann Ann knows us
You know Ann Ann knows you
He knows Ann Ann knows him
She knows Ann Ann knows her
They know Ann Ann knows them

Things
 I don’t want this book. You can have it.
 I don’t want these books. You can have them.
 Diane never drinks milk. She doesn’t like it.
 I never go to parties. I don’t like them

We use Object Pronouns ( me, them, him, etc ) after a preposition

 This letter isn’t for me.
 Who is that woman? Why are you looking at her?
 We’re going to the cinema. Do you want to go with them?
 Where’s the newspaper? You’re sitting on it.

B.2.1 Finish the sentences with : him, her, them, it.

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1. I don’t know those girls. Do you know them ?

2. I don’t know that man. Do you know him?
3. I don’t know those people. Do you know them?
4. I don’t know David’s wife. Do you know her?
5. I don’t know Mr. Stevens. Do you know him?
6. I don’t know Sarah’s parent’s. Do you know them?
7. Where is the black coat? Do you know it?

B.2.2 Complete the sentences. Use appropriate subject or object pronouns

1. They want to see me, but I don’t want to see them

2. She wants to see him, but he doesn’t want to see her
3. We want to see them but they don’t want to see us
4. He wants to see us but we don’t want to see him
5. They want to see her, but she doesn’t want to see them
6. I want to see them, but they don’t want to see me
7. You want to see her, but she doesn’t want to see you
8. Susan wants to see Robert but he doesn’t want to see her
9. Mother wants to read the newspaper but she can’t find it

B.3 Possessives

Subject Object Possessive Possessive

Adjectives Pronoun
I know Tom Tom Knows me It’s my car It’s mine
We know Tom Tom knows us It’s our car It’s ours
You know Tom Tom knows you It’s your It’s yours
car
He knows Tom Tom knows him It’s his car It’s his
She knows Tom Tom knows her It’s her car It’s hers
They know Tom Tom knows them It’s their It’s theirs
car

B.3.1 Finish these sentences in the same way.

1. We invited her to stay with us at our house.

2. They invited us to stay with them in their house.
3. They invited me to stay with them in their house.
4. I invited them to stay with me in my house.
5. She invited us to stay with her in her house.
6. Did you invite him to stay with you in your house