English for Public Health

Unit 1

A. Reading Comprehension
MAN IN SPACE
In April 1961 Yuri Gagarin made the first pioneering manned flight into space in
Vostok 1. He was the first cosmonaut, as the Russian call their space pilots. We call space
pilot astronauts. Both names mean something like “people sailing to the stars”. The
astronauts have not yet gone that far, but they have reached the Moon. The American
civilian astronauts Neil Armstrong safely made the first human step on the Moon in July
1969.
Just as the extra problems involved in manned space flight? Obviously, we must not
only launch man safely, but we must also protect and sustain him in space and bring him
safely back to Earth. To satisfy all these requirements, a manned spacecraft must be a lot
bigger than an unmanned craft. The most successful spacecraft yet to be built is the
American Apollo, which will carry astronauts to the Moon. A new era in space flight will
start when space shuttle enters service.
A spacecraft like Apollo is made of a number of sections, or modules – usually crew
section and equipment section.
The crew section is where the astronauts live in space. It contains couches for the
astronauts to lie on and all the controls, instruments, the computer, the communication gear
which enable them to control the spacecraft. It also has several little manoeuvring engines
which can change the attitude of the craft in space. This part of spacecraft is the only one
that returns to Earth.
The equipment section contains the main power supply, rocket engine, and fuel, and
life-support system. This is the system that supplies fresh air to the crew section, removes
stale air and odours, maintains the correct humidity and temperature, and so on. In flight
generally the crew breathe the air provided by the life support system.
In practice the “air” in spacecraft is not necessarily the same as that in our atmosphere
on Earth. Soyus uses a normal oxygen nitrogen mixture at ordinary atmospheric pressure.
But Apollo uses pure oxygen at a pressure one third that of normal atmospheric pressure.
When they leave the spacecraft in orbit, the astronauts wear a spacesuit connected by
umbilical cord to the on-board life-support system. The spacesuit takes the place of the
Earth’s atmosphere, which presses down on us, gives us the air to breathe, help us to keep
us warm, and protects us from harmful radiation. The spacesuit is designed to do all these
things. It is made of several layers, from inner, water-cooled combinations to a protective,
outer garment
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Vocabulary
Sustain : menjaga supaya tetap hidup
Couches : sofa
Gear : peralatan
Stale : bau tidak sedap
Umbilical cord : tali yang dikaitkan di pusar

B. Comprehension Questions

Exercise 1 Answer the following questions

1. According to the writer, what is one of the requirements for launching man into space?
Answer : A manned spacecraft must be a lot bigger than an unmanned craft.
2. Where do the astronauts control the spacecraft?
Answer : In crew section
3. Where do we find the main power supply of the spacecraft?
Answer : In equipment section
4. What does the life support system supply?
Answer : Life support system is system that supplies fresh air to the crew section,
removes stale air and odours, maintains the correct humidity and temperature, and so
on.
5. What does the spacesuit protect the astronauts from?
Answer : The spacesuit protect the astronauts from harmful radiation and the spacesuit
takes the place of the Earth’s atmosphere, which presses down on us, gives us the air to
breathe, help us to keep us warm.

Exercise 2 Circle T if the statement is true and F if it is false

T/F ( False ) 1. The manoeuvring engines which can alter the altitude of the craft in
space are in the equipment section. ( False )
T/F ( True ) 2. The life-support system absorbs rotten air and odours. ( True )
T/F ( True) 3. The air in Soyuz spacecraft is very different from the air in our
atmosphere on Earth.( True )
T/F ( False ) 4. Apollo uses pure oxygen at ordinary atmospheric pressure. ( False )
T/F ( True ) 5. The spacesuit is designed to keep astronauts alive when they are out
of orbit. ( True )

Exercise 3 Translate the following sentences into good Indonesian

1. In April 1961 Yuri Gagarin made the first pioneering manned flight into space in
Vostok 1. He was the first cosmonaut, as the Russian call their space pilots.
Answer : Pada bulan April 1961 Yuri Gagarin melakukan penerbangan berawak
perintis pertama ke luar angkasa di Vostok 1. Dia adalah kosmonot pertama,
sebagaimana orang Rusia menyebut pilot luar angkasa mereka.

2. The most successful spacecraft yet to be built is the American Apollo, which will carry
astronauts to the Moon. A new era in space flight will start when space shuttle enters
service.
Answer : Pesawat ruang angkasa paling sukses yang belum dibangun adalah American
Apollo, yang akan membawa astronot ke Bulan. Era baru dalam penerbangan luar
angkasa akan dimulai ketika pesawat ulang-alik memasuki layanan.
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3. The crew section is where the astronauts live in space. It contains couches for the
astronauts to lie on and all the controls, instruments, the computer, the communication
gear which enable them to control the spacecraft
Answer : Bagian kru adalah tempat para astronot tinggal di luar angkasa. Ini berisi
sofa untuk astronot berbaring dan semua kontrol, instrumen, komputer, peralatan
komunikasi yang memungkinkan mereka untuk mengontrol pesawat ruang angkasa.

B. Grammar

B.1 To be : Am, Is, Are

The use of to be
Look at the following examples:
 My name is Lisa (name = noun)
 I’m American. (nationality = noun) I’m from Chicago (adv of place)
 I’m a student. (profession = noun)
 My father is a doctor and my mother is a journalist. (profession = noun)
 My favourite colour is blue (colour = adjective)
 My favourite sports are football and swimming. (sports = noun)
 I’m at home now. (adv of place )
 It’s ten o’clock (= time )

Positive Negative
I am (I’m) I am not (I’m not)
He is (he’s) He is not (he’s not/ he isn’t)
She is (she’s) She is not (she’s not/ she isn’t)
It is (it’s) It is not (it’s not / it isn’t)

We are (we’re) We are not (we’re not/ we aren’t)

You are (you’re) You are not (you’re not/ you aren’t)
They are (they’re) They are not (they’re not/ they aren’t)

 I’m cold. Can you close the windows, please?

 I’m 32 years old. My sister is 29.
 My brother is very tall. He’s a policeman.
 I’m tired but I’m not hungry.
 Tom isn’t interested in music. He’s interested in music.
 Jane isn’t at home at the moment. She’s at work.
 Those people aren’t English. They’re Australian.
 It’s sunny today but it isn’t warm.

That’s = that is there’s = there is here’s = here is

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 Thank you. That’s very kind of you.

 Look! There’s Chris
 Here’s your key. Thank you.

Exercises
B.1.1 Put in am, is, or are

1. The weather is nice today.

2. I’m not tired.
3. This bag is heavy.
4. The children is at school.
5. My father is a teacher.
6. My brother and I are good tennis players.
7. Ann is at home.
8. These bags are heavy.
9. My sister is a nurse.
10.The dogs are mad.

B.1.2 Write full sentences use: is/ isn’t, are/ aren’t

1. (your shoes very dirty) Your shoes is very dirty

2. (my brother an engineer) My brother is an engineer
3. (this house not very big) This house isn’t very big
4. (the shops not open today) The shops aren’t open today
5. (my keys in this bag) My keys are in this bag
6. (Jenny 18 years old) Jenny is 18 years old
7. (you not very tall) You aren’t very tall
8. (my mother and father happy) My mother and father are happy

B.1.3 Write sentences about yourself

1. ( name) My name is Chanda 6. (favourite colour) My favourite colour

2. (from) I’m from Lampung
3. (age) I’m 18 years old
4. (job) I’m a student
5. (married) I’m not married
is black
7. (interested in) I’m interested in singing
8. (favourite food) My favourite food is
satay
9. (favourite sports) My favourite sports
are badminton and swimming
10. (my father’s, mother’s job) My
father’s job is rubber farmer and my
mother’s job is trader
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B.1.4 Write sentences for the pictures. Use : happy, angry, sick, sad, sleepy
1 2 3 4 5

1. He is sleepy
2. He is sick
3. He is angry
4. She is sad
5. He is happy

B.1.5 Write true sentences, positive or negative. Use am/ am not/ is/ is not/ are/ aren’t

1. (I/ interested in politics) I’m not interested in politics.

2. (I/ hungry) I’m hungry
3. (it/ warm today) It’s warm today
4. (I/ afraid of dogs) I’m afraid of dogs
5. ( my hands/ cold) My hands aren’t cold
6. (Canada/ a very big country) Canada is a very big country
7. (diamonds/ cheap) Diamonds aren’t cheap

Am/ is/ are ( question forms)

Look at the following examples

 What’s your name? * How old are you?
 Are you married? * Are you a student?

Positive Question
I am Am I?

He is Is He ?
She is Is She?
It is Is It ?

We are Are We ?
You are Are you?
They are Are They?

Yes/No Questions ( to be + subject +predicate )

 Am I late ?
 Is your mother at home? No, she’s out.
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 Is it cold in your room? Yes, A little.

 Your shoes are nice. Are they new?

Wh-questions with Where, what, who, How , Why ( Wh + to be + subject + p)

 Where is your mother ? Is she at home?
 What colour is your cat? It’s red
 How are your parents? Are they well

What’s = what is who’s = who is where’s = where is

* What’s the time
* Where’s Jill?
* Who’s that man?
* Where’s = where is
Short answers
Yes, I am No, I’m not

Yes, he is No, he’s not or No, he isn’t

Yes, she is No, she’s not or No, she isn’t
Yes, it is No, t’s not or No, it isn’t

Yes, We are No, we’re not or No, we aren’t

Yes, you are No, you’re not or No You aren’t
Yes, they are No, they’re not or No They aren’t

 Are you tired / Yes, I am ....

 Are you hungry? No, I’m not but I’m thirsty.
 Is your friend English? Yes, he is.
 Are these your keys? Yes, they are.
 That’s my seat. No, it isn’t.

B.1.5 Find the right answers for the questions

1. Where’s the camera? A. London 1. G

2. Is your car blue? B. No, I’m not. 2. F
3. Is Linda from London? C. Yes, you are. 3. H
4. Am I late? D. My sister. 4. C
5. Where’s Ann from? E. Black 5. A
6. What color is your bag? F. No, it’s black 6. E
7. Are you hungry? G. In your bag 7. B
8. How is George? H. No, She’s American. 8. J
9. Who’s that woman? I. 9 years old. 9. D
10.How old is Joe? J. Very well. 10. I
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B.1.6 Complete the questions. Use : What, Who, Where, How

1. How are your parents? They’re very well.

2. Where’s the bus stop? At the end of the street.
3. How old your children? Five, six, and ten
4. How much these oranges? $ 1.20 a kilo.
5. What’s your favourite sport? Skiing
6. Who’s the man in this photo? That’s my father
7. What’s colour your new shoes? Black.
8. How about your vacation? Great.
9. How many people in your house? Five
10. What’s that man? A pilot

B.1.7 Write questions

1. (name?) What’s your name? Paul.

2. ( married or single? ) Are you married or single? I’m married.
3. ( American?) Are you American? No, I’m Australian
4. ( how old?) How old are you? I’m 30
5. ( a teacher?) Are you a teacher? No, I’m a lawyer.
6. ( wife a lawyer?) Is your wife a lawyer? No, she’s a designer
7. ( from?) Where’s she from? She’s Italian.
8. ( her name?) What’s her name? Anna.

B.1.8 Write short answers

1. Are you married? No, I’m not
2. Are you thirsty? Yes, I am
3. Is it cold today? No, It’s not
4. Are your hands cold? No, I’m not
5. Is it dark now? Yes, It is
6. Are you a teacher? No, I’m not
7. Is today rainy day? No, It isn’t
8. Is your father a civil servant? No, he isn’t
9. Is your house big? No, It isn’t
10.Is your sister a student? No, she isn’t

B.2 Pronouns

Subject : I WE YOU THEY HE SHE IT

Object : Me Us You They Him Her It

Examples :
Subject Object
I know Ann Ann knows me
We know Ann Ann knows us
You know Ann Ann knows you
He knows Ann Ann knows him
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She knows Ann Ann knows her

They know Ann Ann knows them

Things
 I don’t want this book. You can have it.
 I don’t want these books. You can have them.
 Diane never drinks milk. She doesn’t like it.
 I never go to parties. I don’t like them

We use Object Pronouns ( me, them, him, etc ) after a preposition

 This letter isn’t for me.
 Who is that woman? Why are you looking at her?
 We’re going to the cinema. Do you want to go with them?
 Where’s the newspaper? You’re sitting on it.

B.2.1 Finish the sentences with : him, her, them, it.

1. I don’t know those girls. Do you know them?
2. I don’t know that man. Do you know him?
3. I don’t know those people. Do you know them?
4. I don’t know David’s wife. Do you know her?
5. I don’t know Mr. Stevens. Do you know him?
6. I don’t know Sarah’s parent’s. Do you know them?
7. Where is the black coat? Do you know it?

B.2.2 Complete the sentences. Use appropriate subject or object pronouns

1. They want to see me, but i don’t want to see them

2. She wants to see him, but he doesn’t want to see her
3. We want to see them but they don’t want to see us
4. He wants to see us but we don’t want to see him
5. They want to see her, but she doesn’t want to see them
6. I want to see them, but they don’t want to see me
7. You want to see her, but she doesn’t want to see you
8. Susan wants to see Robert but he doesn’t want to see her
9. Mother wants to read the newspaper but she can’t find it

B.3 Possessives

Subject Object Possessive Possessive

Adjectives Pronoun
I know Tom Tom Knows me It’s my car It’s mine
We know Tom Tom knows us It’s our car It’s ours
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You know Tom Tom knows you It’s your It’s yours
car
He knows Tom Tom knows him It’s his car It’s his
She knows Tom Tom knows her It’s her car It’s hers
They know Tom Tom knows them It’s their It’s theirs
car

B.3.1 Finish these sentences in the same way.

1. We invited her to stay with us at our house.

2. They invited us to stay with them at their house.
3. They invited me to stay with them at their house.
4. I invited them to stay with me at my house.
5. She invited us to stay with her at her house.
6. Did you invite him to stay with you at your house.