INGLÉS MEDICO I

BARROS ALVES
ISABELA MARIA
TP 6
COMISIÓN 30

GRAMMAR EXERCICES_PRESENT PERFECT

1) Conjugar las siguientes oraciones en Present Perfect.

a) Dr Stewart (start) has started his training as a surgeon.

Dr Stewart has started his training as a surgeon.
b) HIV rates (fall) have fallen in some countries.
c) I (lose) have lost a lot of weight, especially around the waist.
d) His condition (not begin) hasn’t begun to improve.
e) You (take) have taken neuroleptic drugs for years.
f) He (recover) has recovered fully.
g) They (not become) haven’t become alcohol dependent.
h) You (not catch) haven’t caught an incurable disease.
i) I (not decide) haven’t decided what to specialize in yet.

2) Usar el Past Simple o el Present Perfect para completar la conversación entre la

enfermera y el paciente.

NURSE: How long have you felt (you, feel) this way?
PATIENT: It started (start) when I was a child. I was (be) a very quiet child.
NURSE: Have you ever seen (see) a psychiatrist?
PATIENT: No, I’ve never seen (never, see) a psychiatrist but I talked (talk) to my
doctor many times.
NURSE: I see. When did you first talked (talk) to your doctor?
PATIENT: The first time was (be) two years ago. I had (go) to see him because I
couldn’t (can`t) think clearly.
NURSE: Have things got (get) worse since then?
PATIENT: Well, they got (get) much worse after that. But recently things have been
(be) a little better.
NURSE: Really, that`s good. Have you ever taken (take) medication?
PATIENT: Yes, I’ve taken (take) a lot of different things over the years.
 I took (take) a Nardil tablet this morning.
NURSE: Have you taken (take) anything else today?
PATIENT: Yes, I needed (need) something before coming here, so I had (have) a
Prozac tablet.

3) Complete the questions using the correct form of the Present Perfect.

HAVE SEE WORK TALK GET TAKE FEEL

 a) How long …have… you …..HAD…. the cough?
b) Have you seen Doctor Jones today?
c) Have you ever worked in this hospital?
Has he talked to his consultant yet?
d) Have things got worse since then?
e) Have you ever taken medication?
f) How long have you felt this way?

4) Completar el siguiente texto usando los verbos entre paréntesis en la forma

adecuada. (Simple Past / Present Perfect):

THIS PHRASE OR WORD EXPLAINS WHY I CHOSE SIMPLE PAST OR PRESENT

PERFECT

1. A: Did you like the movie "Star Wars?"

B: I don't know. I have never seen (see, never) that movie.

2. Sam arrived (arrive) in San Diego a week ago.

3. My best friend and I have known (know) each other for over fifteen years. We still get
together once a week.

4. Stinson is a fantastic writer. He has written (write) ten very creative short stories in the
last year. One day, he'll be as famous as Hemingway.

5. I haven’t had (have, not) this much fun since I was (be) a kid.

6. When we first started (start) working here three years ago, the company had only
(have, only) six employees. Since then, we have expanded (expand) to include more than
2000 full-time workers.

7. I told (tell) him to stay on the path while he was hiking, but he wandered (wander) off
into the forest and was (be) bitten by a snake.

8. Listen Donna, I don't care if you missed (miss) the bus this morning. You have been
(be) late to work too many times. You are fired!

9. Sam is from Colorado, which is hundreds of miles from the coast, so he has never seen
(see, never) the ocean. He should come with us to Miami.

10. How sad! George dreamt (dream) of going to California before he died, but he didn't
make it. He never saw (see, never) the ocean.

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 11. In the last hundred years, travelling has became (become) much easier and very
comfortable. In the 19th century, it took (take) two or three months to cross North America
by covered wagon. The trip was (be) very rough and often dangerous. Things have
changed (change) a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years. Now you can fly from
New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours.

12. Jonny, I can't believe how much you have changed (change) since the last time I saw
(see) you. You have grown (grow) at least a foot!

13. This tree was (be) planted by the settlers who found (find) our city over four hundred
years ago.

14. This mountain has never been (be, never) climbed by anyone. Several mountaineers
tried (try) to reach the top, but nobody has ever succeeded (succeed, ever). The climb is
extremely difficult and many people died (die) trying to reach the summit.

15. I have never visited (visit, never) Africa, but I have travelled (travel) to South America
several times. The last time I went (go) to South America, I visited (visit) Brazil and Peru. I
spent (spend) two weeks in the Amazon.

TP 6
READING AND COMPREHENSION
THE THORACIC CAVITY

Leer el texto “The thoracic cavity” e interpretarlo en castellano. Utilizar las key words para facilitar
la interpretación del mismo. Luego deberá realizar las actividades de lecto comprensión y enviar el
TP resuelto a la plataforma virtual de cursada.

 Answer the following questions about the text (in Spanish):

1. How many compartments are there in the thoracic cavity?

Name them.

Los compartimientos son: el mediastino y dos compartimientos laterales pleurales.

2. Where are the compartments located?

El mediastino central está ubicado en la columna vertebral, detrás del esternon .

Las pleuras están ubicadas en cada lado del compartimento.

3. What are the anatomical structures found into each mediastinum?

The mediastinum contains the:

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 Hay 3 estructuras encontadas en el mediastino:

1) Mediastino anterior: encontrado entre el esternon y el pericardio.

2) Mediastino posterior: está ubicado detrás del pericardio y del diafragma.

3) Mediastino superior: contiene el esofago, la tráquea y los apices de los pulmones,

nervios frénico y vago, el arco de la aorta y las principales venas sanguíneas.

4. Which is the most important division of the mediastinum according to its content?

De acuerdo con el texto, el mediastino superior es la mas importante división, por

cuenta de la posición de las venas y artérias, las venas deben estar ubicadas en el lado
derecho y las artérias al lado izquierdo.

5. What is the relation between the superior mediastinum and the neck?

El mediastino superior se une libremente con el cuello.

6. Why is superior mediastinum “remarkable”?

El mediastino superior es notable, por cuenta de sus relaciones asimetricas que ellos
contienen, principalmente devido a la posición de las principales venas y artérias.

7. Is the heart in contact with the pericardium? Why?

Sí, porque el pericardio es una bolsa fibrosa que cierra el corazón y está ubicado en una
línea de membrana serosa, la fibra del pericardio y es reflejada en las raíces de las
principales venas y artérias que recubren la superfície del corazón.

8. What is the name of the membrane that lines the lungs?

El nombre de la membrana que tiene posee líneas en los pulmones es cavidad pleural.
Pleura, es una membrana de tejido fibroso, que está dispuesta en única capa de epitelio
escamoso.

9. What is the main function of the pericardium and the pleura?

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 La principal función del pericárdio es de encerrar el corazón y la pleura y cubrir la
superfície del pulmón.

10. Why does the article say, “The thoracic cavity is a mobile area”?

La cavidad torácica es una area móvil, porque:

1. El corazón posee una pulsación rítmica y cambia un poco de posición entre la

sístole y diástole.
2. Los pulmones también están en movimiento rítmico, deslizandose para bajo y para
arriba.
3. El esófago, dilata con cada bolo.
4. Las principales venas se expanden considerablemente durante el aumento de flujo
sanguíneo.