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Luxor World School BIOLOGY

CHARACTERISTICS & CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING ORGANISM

THEORY
1. Flowering plants can be divided into two groups: monocotyledons and eudicotyledons
(Dicotyledons).
Complete Table 1.1 to state the differences between these two types of flowering plants. An
Example has been done for you.

2. Fig. 2.1 shows three vertebrates. Each is from a different class (group) of vertebrate.

Fig. 2.1
(a) State one characteristic of all vertebrates.
_______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________.

(b) (i) Name the two other classes of vertebrate not shown in Fig. 1.1.
1 ____________________________________________________________________________________.

2____________________________________________________________________________________.

(ii) Name the feature which covers the surface of the bodies of animals in these two classes but not
the three animals shown in Fig. 2.1.

______________________________________________________________________________________.

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3. (a) Fig. 3.1 shows five species of mollusc.

Fig. 3.1
Use the key to identify each species. Write the letter of each species (A to E) in the correct box
beside the key.
(b) State two features that are shown by all molluscs.

1 ____________________________________________________________________________________.

2____________________________________________________________________________________.

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4. (a) Fig. 4.1 shows seven plant species that are important crops.

Fig. 4.1

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Use the key to identify each species. Write the letter of each species (A to G) in the correct
box beside the key. One has been done for you.

(b) The pattern of the veins on the leaves was used in the key to separate the monocotyledonous
Crop plants and eudicotyledonous (dicotyledonous) crop plants shown in Fig. 4.1. State one other
feature that could be used to identify monocotyledonous plants from eudicotyledonous plants.
_______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________.

5. Fig. 5.1 shows seven different species of amphibian.

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Fig. 5.1

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(a) Use the key to identify each species. Write the letter of each species (A to G) in the correct box
beside the key. One has been done for you.

(b) Many amphibian species throughout the world are endangered.

Suggest three reasons why many amphibian species are endangered.
1._____________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

2._____________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

3._____________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

6. Fig. 6.1 shows the structure of a typical fish.

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Fig. 6.2
Biologists use dichotomous keys to identify different species. Describe one visible feature of each
species of fish A, B, C and D, that could be used to distinguish it from the other three species in
Fig. 6.2. Only use descriptions of the features labeled in Fig. 6.1 in your answers. Write your
answers in Table 6.1.

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7. Fig. 7.1 shows six different insects.

Fig. 7.1
Use the key to identify the insects labeled A, B, E and F. Write your answers in Table 7.1.

Table 7.1.

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8. Fig. 8.1 shows five different mammals.

Fig. 8.1

Use the key to identify the mammals shown in Fig. 8.1.

Write the letter of each species (A to E) in the correct box beside the key.

9. Fig. 9.1 shows seven lizards that are at risk of becoming extinct.

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(a) (i) Name the vertebrate group that contains lizards.

______________________________________________________________________________________.

(ii) Use the key to identify each species. Write the letter of each species (A to G) in the correct box
beside the key. One has been done for you.

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10. Fig. 10.1 shows seven marsupial mammals.

Fig. 10.1
(a) (i) State one visible feature that could be used to identify the marsupials in Fig. 1.1 as
mammals.
______________________________________________________________________________________.
(ii) Use the key to identify each species. Write the letter of each species (A to G) in the correct
box beside the key. One has been done for you.

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11. Fig.11.1 shows a gorilla with her baby.

(a) Gorillas are mammals and have characteristics that are only found in mammals, and not in any
other vertebrate group.

State:
(i) One mammalian characteristic visible in Fig. 11.1
_______________________________________________________________________________________.

(ii) Two mammalian characteristics not visible in Fig. 11.1

1.
______________________________________________________________________________________.

2.
______________________________________________________________________________________.
12. Fig. 12.1 shows four different reptiles.

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(a) (i) Reptiles are vertebrates. State one feature which all vertebrates have in common.
________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________.

(ii) State two features which can be used to identify the animals in Fig. 1.1 as reptiles.
1.______________________________________________________________________________________
_

_______________________________________________________________________________________.

2.______________________________________________________________________________________
_

_______________________________________________________________________________________.

(iii) Fig. 12.2 shows a snake.

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Snakes are also reptiles. State one way, visible in Fig. 12.2, in which snakes are different from the
reptiles shown in Fig. 12.1.
________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________.

Fig. 12.3 shows a newt, which looks similar to some reptiles, but belongs to a different vertebrate
group.

(b) (i) State the vertebrate group to which the newt belongs. Choose from this list and circle your
answer.
Amphibian bird fish mammal
(ii) State two features of this group which distinguishes it from other vertebrate groups.
1.______________________________________________________________________________________
_

_______________________________________________________________________________________.

2.______________________________________________________________________________________
_

_______________________________________________________________________________________.

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(c) In some species of reptile, the female keeps the fertilised eggs in her body until they are ready to
hatch. Suggest two advantages of having this adaptive feature.

1.______________________________________________________________________________________
_

_______________________________________________________________________________________.

2.______________________________________________________________________________________
_

_______________________________________________________________________________________.

13. Fig. 13.1 shows five arthropods.

(a) State one feature that is shared by all arthropods.

_______________________________________________________________________________________.

(b) The five animals in Fig. 1.1 all belong to the same group of arthropods.

(i) Name this group of arthropods.

Choose your answer from this list.
Arachnids crustaceans insects myriapods

______________________________________.

(ii) State two visible features of the bee, shown in Fig. 1.1, which place it in this group.
1.______________________________________________________________________________________
_

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2.______________________________________________________________________________________
_

14. The boxes on the left contain the names of characteristics of living organisms. The boxes on the
right contain the definitions of these characteristics. Draw one straight line to link the characteristic
with its correct definition. An example has been done for you.

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15. Fig. 15.1 shows three mammals.

Fig. 15.1
For each mammal, choose one adaptive feature visible in Fig. 2.1 and outline how it helps the
mammal to survive in its environment. Choose a different feature for each mammal.
Write your answers in Table 15.1.

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16. A new species of frog was discovered in 2009 in the Amazon rainforest in Peru.
Fig. 6.1 shows this frog, Osteocephalus castaneicola.

Fig 16.1
(a) State the genus of this animal.

________________________________________________________________________________________
.
In the past, anatomy was a way to classify species. DNA is now used to aid the classification of
organisms.

(b) Describe how DNA can be used to classify organisms.

________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________.
17. Fig. 17.1 shows three crustaceans which live in the same rock pool.
The rock pool also contains seaweed and seawater.

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Fig. 17.1

(a) Complete the sentences. Use words from the list.

Each word may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
arthropods carnivore consumer endoskeleton
exoskeleton five four habitat herbivore
population producer three vertebrates
 Crustaceans all belong to the same group as insects, called ______________________________
 All crustaceans have at least ______________________________ pairs of legs.
 They also have a hard outer covering called an ____________________________.
 Seven individuals of one species, Cancer pagurus, were found in the same pool. These
individuals make up a ______________________________ .
 Cancer pagurus is a ______________________________ because it eats fish and other animals.
 Seaweed makes its own food so it is a ______________________________ .
(b) The drawing of Cancer pagurus in Fig. 1.1 is not the same size as the actual animal.
State what would be needed to calculate its actual size and explain how you would do this
calculation.
________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________
.

(c) All the crustaceans were found living under rocks or seaweed.
Suggest two reasons why they were living there.
1.______________________________________________________________________________________
_

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2.______________________________________________________________________________________
_

(d) Two other crustaceans, Porcellana platycheles and Porcellana longicornis, were found in the
same rock pool. They are closely related to each other.
(i) Describe how their scientific names show that they are closely related.
________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________
.

(ii) Although they are closely related, they cannot successfully interbreed.
Describe how their scientific names show that they cannot successfully interbreed.
________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________
.

18. Fig. 18.1 shows a diagram of an arthropod.

Fig. 18.1
(a) (i) Name the arthropod group this animal belongs to.
_______________________________________________________________________________________.
(ii) Give two reasons for your answer.
1.______________________________________________________________________________________
_

2.______________________________________________________________________________________
_

(b) State the names of two other arthropod groups.

1.______________________________________________________________________________________
_
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2.______________________________________________________________________________________
_

19. Fig. 19.1 shows five different vertebrates.

Fig. 19.1
(a) State one feature that is shared by all vertebrates.
______________________________________________________________________________________.

(b) The five animals in Fig. 1.1 all belong to the same group of vertebrates.
(i) State the name of this group of vertebrates.
______________________________________________________________________________________.

(ii) State two features which place the five vertebrates in this group.
1.______________________________________________________________________________________
_

2.______________________________________________________________________________________
_

20. Fig. 20.1 shows five whole leaves from different trees.

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Fig. 20.1

Use the key to identify the leaves in Fig. 20.1 and write the answers in Table 20.1.
Table 20.1

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21. Fig. 21.1 shows five different insects.

Fig. 21.1

Use the key to identify the insects in Fig. 1.1. Write the letter for each insect in Table 21.1.
Table 21.1
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22. Fig. 22.1 shows six different arthropods labelled A, B, C, D, E and F.

Fig. 22.1

(a) State one feature that can be used to classify an animal as an arthropod.

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_______________________________________________________________________________________.

(b) (i) State one visible feature that arthropods A, B and C have that arthropods D, E and F do
not have.
_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________.

(ii) State the letter of the organism in Fig. 1.1 that is a crustacean.
Give a reason for your answer.
Letter _____________________________.

Reason
_______________________________________________________________________________________.
(c) One of the drawings shows an arthropod named Araneus diadematus. This arthropod has a
body in two segments and it has eight legs.

(i) State the letter of the organism in Fig. 1.1 that shows Araneus diadematus.
____________________________.

(ii) State the name of the group of arthropods that includes Araneus diadematus.

_______________________________________________________________________________________.

23. (a) Fig. 23.1 shows six species of reptiles.

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(i) Use the key to identify each species. Write the letter of each species (A–F) in the correct empty
box beside the key.
Key:

[5]
(ii) Define the term species.
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...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) The binomial system of naming organisms tells us the species and the genus of the organism.
State the genus name for Chamaeleo calyptratus.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) Table23.1 shows some features of animals.

Place ticks (✓) next to two features of most reptiles.
Table 23.1

[2]
(d) State two features of cells that are shared by all living organisms.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 12]

24. (a) Fig. 24.1 is a photograph of a lobster, which is an arthropod.

Fig. 24.1

Describe two pieces of evidence visible in Fig. 24.1 that identify this organism as an arthropod.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) The scientific name of the arthropod in Fig. 24.1 is Homarus americanus.

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State the genus name.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) The arthropod shown in Fig. 24.1 is a crustacean.
State the names of two other groups of arthropods.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................ [2]
(d) Many species of crustaceans live in seas and oceans.
Some of these species have become endangered.
Describe reasons why some marine crustacean species have become endangered.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 8]

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