FORMAL GREETINGS AND EXPRESSIONS

- HELLO
- GOOD MORNING
- GOOD AFTERNOON
- GOOD EVENING
- GOOD NIGHT
- SO LONG
- GOOD BYE

- HOW DO YOU DO?

I’M FINE, THANKS HOW DO YOU DO?

- TILL TOMORROW
- ONE MOMENT, PLEASE
- HOW ‘ S EVERYTHING AT HOME?
- I’ M SORRY I DON’T UNDERSTAND YOU

INFORMAL GREETINGS AND EXPRESSIONS

- HI
- BYE

- HOW ARE YOU?

I’M FINE, THANKS AND YOU?
I’M OK.

- SEE YOU LATER

- SEE YOU SOON
- SEE YOU AT NIGHT
- SEE YOU IN THE EVENING.....
- WAIT ME A BIT, PLEASE
- HOW ARE YOU DOING?
- HOW IS IT GOING?
- I’M SORRY I DON’T GET YOU

MEETING SOMEONE

- THIS IS MR. SMITH

- HOW DO YOU DO MR. SMITH?
- NICE TO MEET YOU,
- I’M GLAD TO MEET YOU,
-I’M PLEASED TO MEET YOU
 ARTICLES: A, AN, THE

I’M GOING TO EAT AN APPLE. I’M GOING TO EAT THE RED APPLE.

THE SPECIFIC TOKYO IS THE CAPITAL OF JAPAN

THE NEW CHINESE RESTAURANT IS VERY
GOOD.
WE LIKE THE BLUE CAR
THE GIRL IN THE RED DRESS IS BEAUTIFUL

A / AN GENERAL I WANT TO BUY A CAR

(ONE OF MANY) HE IS EATING AN APPLE
DO YOU HAVE A BIKE?
SHE IS AN OLD WOMAN
I ‘M READING A BOOK
 DEMONSTRATIVES

THIS 1 THING – NEAR

THAT 1 THING – FAR

THESE 2+ THINGS – NEAR

THOSE 2+ THINGS – FAR

THIS APPLE IS GREEN. THAT APPLE IS RED.

THESE BOOKS ARE NEW. THOSE BOOKS ARE OLD.

 VERB TO BE
POSITIVE:

I AM I’M FROM JAPAN.

YOU / WE / THEY ARE YOU’RE / WE’RE / THEY’RE FROM BRAZIL.

HE / SHE / IT IS HE’S / SHE’S / IT’S FROM INDIA.

NEGATIVE:

I AM NOT I’M NOT MARRIED.

YOU / WE / THEY YOU’RE NOT / YOU AREN’T HAPPY.

ARE NOT WE’RE NOT / WE AREN’T
THEY’RE NOT / THEY AREN’T

HE / SHE / IT HE ISN’T / HE’S NOT A STUDENT.

IS NOT SHE ISN’T / SHE’S NOT
IT ISN’T / IT’S NOT

QUESTION:

AM I BEAUTIFUL?

ARE YOU / WE / THEY A TEACHER?

IS HE / SHE / IT TALL?
 POSSESSIVES

NOUN POSSESSIVE EXAMPLE

I MY MY NAME IS SANDRA.

YOU YOUR WHAT’S YOUR NAME?

HE HIS HIS NAME IS JOHN.

SHE HER HER COMPUTER IS FAST.

IT ITS MY CAR IS OLD, SO ITS ENGINE ISN’T POWERFUL.

WE OUR OUR APARTMENT IS IN DOWNTOWN

THEY THEIR MY PARENTS SOLD THEIR HOUSE.

MARY MARY’S MARY’S PHONE NUMBER IS 555-4321.

JOE JOE’S JOE’S FAVORITE COLOR IS GREEN.

THE BOY THE BOY’S THE BOY’S CLOTHES ARE DIRTY.

FRIENDS FRIENDS’ MY FRIENDS’ NAMES ARE PATRICK AND GLORIA.

CAT CAT’S MY CAT’S NAME IS GINGER.

COUNTRY COUNTRY’S MY COUNTRY’S FLAG IS RED, WHITE, AND BLUE.

DON’T CONFUSE ITS (POSSESSIVE) WITH IT’S (CONTRACTION FOR “IT IS”)!

THE CAT ATE IT’S FOOD

THE CAT ATE ITS FOOD.
ITS ILLEGAL FOR A 17-YEAR-OLD BOY TO BUY ALCOHOL.
IT’S ILLEGAL FOR A 17-YEAR-OLD BOY TO BUY ALCOHOL.
 PRESENT CONTINUOUS
IS FOR THINGS HAPPENING NOW, AT THE MOMENT.

I AM WATCHING

YOU / WE / THEY ARE WATCHING

HE / SHE / IT IS WATCHING

EXAMPLES:

I AM WATCHING TV RIGHT
NOW.
HE IS STUDYING AT THE
MOMENT.
IT IS RAINING TODAY.
WE ARE THINKING ABOUT YOU.
THEY ARE PLAYING BASEBALL.

IT’S VERY COMMON TO USE CONTRACTIONS:

I’M WATCHING TV RIGHT NOW
HE’S STUDYING AT THE MOMENT
IT’S RAINING TODAY
WE’RE THINKING ABOUT YOU
THEY’RE PLAYING BASEBALL

SOME VERBS ARE NEVER USED IN THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS

LIKE , WANT , NEED, BELIEVE

NOT= I’M BELIEVING IN GOD

I BELIEVE IN GOD

NOT= SHE’S WANTING A SODA

SHE WANTS A SODA
POSITIVE
 PRESENT CONTINUOUS

I AM NOT WATCHING

YOU / WE / THEY ARE NOT WATCHING

HE / SHE / IT IS NOT WATCHING

EXAMPLES:

I AM NOT WORKING AT THE MOMENT.

SHE IS NOT WEARING A HAT TODAY.

YOU ARE NOT LISTENING TO THE TEACHER.

PETER AND JANE ARE NOT WATCHING TV.

THERE ARE TWO WAYS TO USE CONTRACTIONS:

SHE’S NOT WEARING A HAT TODAY

SHE ISN’T WEARING A HAT TODAY
YOU’RE NOT LISTENING TO THE TEACHER
YOU AREN’T LISTENING TO THE TEACHER

BOTH FORMS ARE OK

NEGATIVE
 PRESENT CONTINUOUS
AM I WORKING?

ARE YOU / WE / THEY WORKING?

IS HE / SHE / IT WORKING?

EXAMPLES:

ARE YOU WRITING A LETTER?

IS PEDRO SLEEPING RIGHT NOW?
ARE THE CHILDREN PLAYING A GAME OR READING A BOOK?
IS THE COMPUTER WORKING?

YOU CAN PUT A QUESTION WORD AT THE BEGINNING:

WHAT ARE YOU DOING?

I’M WRITING AN E-MAIL
.
WHERE IS SARAH GOING?
SHE’S GOING TO THE STORE.
WHO ARE THEY TALKING TO?
THEY’RE TALKING TO THE TEACHER.
WHY IS HE RUNNING?
BECAUSE HE’S LATE FOR WORK

QUESTIONS
COMPLETE WITH THE VERB TO BE: AM – IS -ARE

Hello! My name _____ Carl.I _____ from Australia. I _____ 13 years old and
I _____ a student at a secondary school. My father _____ a teacher and my
mother _____ a nurse. My father _____ 45 years old and my mother _____
42. We live in the city center .Our house _____ a small flat but it _____ new
and modern . My grandparents live with us. They _____ retired. This boy
_____ Peter. He _____ my best friend. He _____ a student at highschool. He
_____ 15 years old.

These _____ Michael and Joseph. They _____ twin brothers. They are 16
years old. They _____ both short and slim. They _____ in the same class.
They _____ always together. They _____ from London. Their favourite
football team _____ Liverpool and their favourite singer _____ Madonna.
Michael's hair _____ blonde and wavy but Joseph's hair is dark and straight.
Michael _____ good at Mathematics and Joseph _____ good at Physics. They
_____ both interested in seeing new places and camping. Their house _____
in the country. It _____ a small cottage. Their father _____ a bus driver and
their mother _____ a shop assistant. They _____ very happy together.

His parents _____ lawyers. Their office _____ on Curry Street. They live in
the city center.Their house _____ very big and it has got a big garden. We
_____ always together after school.
 Demonstratives - exercises

……………. is a hamburger. NEAR

……………. is a tomato. --------------> FAR

……………. are bananas. NEAR

……………. are cherries. --------------> FAR

..…………... is a carrot. --------------> FAR

……………. is an apple. NEAR

PRESENT CONTINUOUS 1. Complete using the present continuous of the

verbs in brackets:
They ........................................................... (drink) coffee.
He ........................................................... (play) tennis.
We ........................................................... (practise) yoga.
The sun ........................................................... (shine).
The cat ........................................................... (drink) milk.
Two old ladies ........................................................... (sit) on a bench.
Pete ........................................................... (not, smile).
They ........................................................... (live) in New York.
She ........................................................... (write) a letter.
You ........................................................... (run) upstairs.
Granny ........................................................... (bake) a cake.
John and Mary ........................................................... (listen) to music.
We ........................................................... (not, swim) in the sea.
I ........................................................... (drive) a car.
Jane ........................................................... (tidy) her room.

2. Make questions. Use the present continuous.

........................................................... (you / listen) to music?
........................................................... (he / ride) a horse?
........................................................... (she / put) his hat on?
........................................................... (Anne / make) a
sandwich? ........................................................... (they / study)?
........................................................... (Pete / climb) a tree?
........................................................... (the children / skip)?

3. Answer these questions. Write short answers.

Are you listening to music? ...........................................................
Is it raining? ...........................................................
Is the sun shining? ...........................................................
Are you watching TV? ...........................................................
Are you sitting on a sofa? ...........................................................
Are you sittng on a stool? ...........................................................
Are you singing a song? ...........................................................
Is your teacher watching you? ...........................................................
Is your mother watching you? ...........................................................
Are you learning French now? ...........................................................
 GIVE THE SHORT ANSWER
IS MARY A STUDENT? YES,-----------------------------------
IS FRANK A STUDENT? NO,-----------------------------------
ARE YOU IN MY CLASS? NO,---------------------------------
IS YOUR NAME FRANK? YES---------------------------------
ARE JOHN AND FRANK TEACHERS? YES----------------
ARE YOU AN ENGINEER? NO,-------------------------------
IS THIS YOUR HOUSE? YES,----------------------------------
IS PETER YOUR HUSBAND? NO,----------------------------

 ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

HOW OLD ARE YOU?------------------------------------------------------------

HOW OLD IS YOUR SISTER?---------------------------------------------------
HOW OLD IS YOUR MOTHER?------------------------------------------------
HOW OLD ARE YOUR BROTHERS?------------------------------------------

 MAKE THE QUESTION

WHO'S THAT?
THAT'S MY BROTHER

------------------------------------------------? ………………………………?
HE'S SEVENTEEN CHARLES IS MARRIED

------------------------------------------------? ……………………………….?
SARA IT’S TEN THIRTY

------------------------------------------------? ……………………………….?
IT'S 145 BENAVENTE STREET WE ARE FROM ENGLAND

------------------------------------------------? ………………………………..?
YOUR FOOTBALL IS IN THE KITCHEN IT’S APRIL THE FIFTH

------------------------------------------------? ………………………………..?
I'M TWELVE IT’S SUNNY AND CLEAR

----------------------------------------------- ?
SHE IS EMILY

-----------------------------------------------?
IT'S AN UMBRELLA