ECW748

ADVANCED WATER SUPPLY

GROUP ASSIGNMENT

STUDENT NAME MATRIX NUMBER

HASNOL EZAM EFFENDY BIN HAMZAH 2023230662
NUR AZIRAH BINTI ABD RASHID 2023930045
MOHD KHAIRIE AZIZI BIN SUHAIK 2023437688
NOR HAMIZA BINTI AWANG 2022418758
NUR NAJIBAH BINTI AHMAD KAMIL 2023530027

PREPARED FOR

IR DR SUZANA RAMLI

TS. DR. NORHAFEZAH KASMURI

QUESTION 1 (20 marks)

Figure 1: Schematic Water Supply System in General

Based on Figure 1 above, define water supply system network and elaborate the components
involved. Each group will elaborate with examples from selected states. For example, in Selangor,
Air Selangor is the largest water operator in Malaysia, distributing clean and safe treated water to
consumers in Selangor, Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya. It operates 34 water treatment plants
located in eleven (11) regions, namely Petaling, Klang/Shah Alam, Kuala Langat, Sepang,
Gombak, Hulu Langat, Hulu Selangor, Sabak Bernam, Kuala Selangor, Federal Territory of Kuala
Lumpur and Federal Territory of Putrajaya.
Table Q1

Group State

1 Pulau Pinang
2 Johor
3 Kelantan
4 Pahang
5 Sarawak
6 Sabah
ANSWER:

Based on the above Table Q1, we as Group 2, will be explaining the state of Johor.

Johor is located in the southern region of Peninsular Malaysia, with a population of 4.02 million
residents as of 2022. Most of the population, 77.4%, resides in urban areas, making the
management of water supply crucial for sustaining economic growth.

Ranhill SAJ Sdn Bhd is responsible for managing Johor's water network, from the abstraction
and treatment of raw water to the distribution of treated water. The company operates 46 water
treatment plants (WTPs) throughout the state, with a total design capacity of 2,156 million liters
per day (MLD). Raw water extraction comes from two (2) sources, namely rivers and dams. In
2022, the total extraction of raw water is 1,895 MLD, with 60.4% (or 1,145 MLD) from rivers.

Below is an infographic showing the water assets and other water supply-related information of
Johor:

Source: SPAN Water and Sewerage Fact Book 2022

In the year 2022, the design capacity of all WTPs is 2,156 MLD, whereas the water
demand is 1,909 MLD. This gives the reserves margin of 11.5% (or 247 MLD). However,
the billed authorised consumption is only 1,407 MLD, due to Non-Revenue Water (NRW). Johor’s
NRW percentage as of 2022 is at 26.3%. The main factor of NRW is the aging water distribution
pipes. Old AC pipes are still widely used up to 26.7% (or 6,415 km) of the total pipe length in
Johor.

Listed below are the details of the WTPs with its sources and design capacity (m3/d):

Design Capacity
No. WTP Name Sources
(m3/d)
1 WTP Air Panas A Juaseh River / Juaseh Dam 14,080

2 WTP Air Panas C Juaseh River / Juaseh Dam 11,456

3 WTP Bandar Tenggara Penggeli River 27,260

4 WTP Batu 2 Pelepah River 3,182

5 WTP Bukit Batu Pontian Besar River 2,273

6 WTP Bukit Hampar Segamat River 14,180

7 WTP Bukit Serampang Muar River 8,500

8 WTP Buluh Kasap Ulu Muar River 16,000

9 WTP Endau Labong Dam 10,000

10 WTP Gerisik Muar River 62,200

11 WTP Gombang Muar River 3,182

12 WTP Gunung Ledang Ledang Dam 13,638

13 WTP Gunung Pulai Pulai Dam 81,830

14 WTP Jementah Jementah River 2,273

15 WTP Kahang Baru Kahang River 3,182

16 WTP Kahang Timur Kahang River 5,455

17 WTP Kampung Tengah 1 Segamat River 13,000

18 WTP Kampung Tengah 2 Segamat River 31,360

19 WTP Linggiu Linggiu River 1,818

20 WTP Lok Heng Sedili Kecil River 5,455

21 WTP Mersing Baru Mersing River 10,000

22 WTP Nitar Lenggor River 4,546

23 WTP Pagoh Muar River 40,000

 Design Capacity
No. WTP Name Sources
(m3/d)
24 WTP Palong Timur Muar River 6,819

25 WTP Panchor 1 Muar River 12,730

26 WTP Panchor 2 Muar River 36,360

27 WTP Panchor 3 Muar River 36,360

28 WTP Panchor 4 Muar River 18,184

29 WTP Parit Raja 4 Sembrong River 63,640

30 WTP Pemanis Segamat River 2,273

31 WTP Semanggar Johor River 318,226

32 WTP Sembrong Timur Sembrong River, Sembrong Barat 26,160

33 WTP Sembrong Barat Sembrong Barat 80,000

34 WTP Sungai Gembut Gembut River 9,092

35 WTP Sungai Johor Johor River 318,226

36 WTP Sungai Johor (Tai Hong) Johor River 318,226

37 WTP Sungai Layang Layang Dam 378,000

38 WTP Sungai Lebam Lebam Dam 81,800

39 WTP Sungai Sayong 1 Sayong River 13,638

40 WTP Sungai Sayong 2 Sayong River 31,823

41 WTP Simpang Renggam 2 & 3 Benut River 64,000

42 WTP Sri Gading Bekok Dam 72,101

43 WTP Sultan Ismail (Sg. Skudai) Skudai River 68,190

44 WTP Tenggaroh Sedili Besar River 11,365

45 WTP Tenglu Conggok Dam 15,000

46 WTP Yong Peng 2 Bekok River 36,369

47 WTP Yong Peng 3 Bekok River 48,189

To focus more details on the water supply system, we choose Bukit Serampang in Muar as our
example. We would explain from the source of raw water until the last point before the
distribution to the consumer, that is the service reservoir. Below is a schematic diagram for the
Bukit Serampang Water Supply System.

Muar River serves as the source of raw water for the Bukit Serampang Water Supply
System. The intake is situated at the shore and the raw water is transported through a
pipeline to the water treatment plant. At the Bukit Serampang Water Treatment Plant, the
raw water undergoes a series of treatments including aeration, flocculation,
sedimentation, filtration, and chlorination as illustrated in the diagram below.
After the water has been treated, it is pumped to Bukit Serampang 1 Balancing Reservoir,
which is an RC ground reservoir that can hold up to 2.27 ML. The reservoir has a TWL of
59.10 m and a BWL of 53.62 m. The water is then pumped to Bukit Serampang Reservoir,
an elevated RC reservoir with a capacity of 1.14 ML. The TWL and BWL of this reservoir
are 77.40 m and 71.30 m, respectively. The treated water is then transported to three
service reservoirs, namely Sri Ledang Service Reservoir (capacity: 0.46 ML, TWL 50.29
m, BWL 45.41 m), Bukit Kepong A Service Reservoir (capacity: 0.36 ML, TWL 57.91 m,
BWL 54.71 m), and Bukit Kepong B Service Reservoir (capacity: 1.14 ML, TWL 59.25 m,
BWL 56.03 m). The treated water is transported by gravity flow since the TWL of Bukit
Serampang Service Reservoir is higher than the other three service reservoirs.

To keep track of Non-Revenue Water, a production meter and flowmeters are being set
up along the pipelines. The production meter will be installed right after Bukit Serampang
WTP, while the flowmeters will be put in line with the outgoing pipes before reaching the
consumers.
QUESTION 2 (20 marks)

a) Areal precipitation for rainfall on a catchment area within coordinate X, Y, of 0, 0, 0, 6, 5, 6

and 6,0 (km) were measured at station A, B, C, D and E located as shown in Table Q2a below.
Determine the estimated yield from the catchment using a suitable approach.

Table Q2a
Station Coordinate (X, Y) Precipitation (mm)
A 3,0 3
B 1,6 5
C 3,5 6
D 5,3 1
E 0,3 4

ANSWER BY USING ARITHMETIC METHOD

𝑃𝐴 + 𝑃𝐵 + 𝑃𝐶 + 𝑃𝐷 + 𝑃𝐸
=
5
3+5+6+1+4
=
5
19
=
5
= 3.8mm #

ANSWER BY USING THIESSEN POLYGON METHOD

Coordinate Pi, Precipitation Ai, Thiessen Polygon ai, Thiessen Weights, Polygon
Station
(X, Y) (mm) Area Area / Total Area

A 3,0 3 9 9 / 36 =0.25
B 1,6 5 4.5 4.5 / 36 = 0.125
C 3,5 6 4.5 4.5 / 36 = 0.125
D 5,3 1 9 9 / 36 = 0.25
E 0,3 4 9 9 / 36 = 0.25
A (Total Ai) = 36
Mean Areal Precipitation:
Where:
Ai - the polygon area of the ith gauge
A - the total drainage area
Where:
N – is the number of gauges
ai - is the weight assigned to the ith gauge

= (0.25 x 3) + (0.125 x 5) + (0.125 x 6) + (0.25 x 1) + (0.25 x 4)

= 3.375 mm #
b) Determine the capacity of a storage reservoir required to maintain a constant water supply
(draft) of 2M m3/month. Given in Table Q2b is the monthly mean runoff values.
(10 Marks)
Table Q2b
Month Runoff, QR (106 m3.) Month Runoff, QR (106 m3.)

1 9 10 0.4
2 10.8 11 0.5
3 4.2 12 0.9
4 2.8 13 1.1
5 1.2 14 2.0
6 1.1 15 5.5
7 0.9 16 10.5
8 0.5 17 3.5
9 0.6 18 2.5

ANSWER:
Month Runoff Vs Vdemand Vs-Vdemand Cumulative Cumulative
(106 m3) (106 m3) (106 m3) Deficit Surplus
(106 m3) (106 m3)
1 9 2 7 +7
2 10.8 2 8.8 +15.8
3 4.2 2 2.2 +18
4 2.8 2 0.8 +18.8
5 1.2 2 -0.8 -0.8
6 1.1 2 -0.9 -1.7
7 0.9 2 -1.1 -2.8
8 0.5 2 -1.5 -4.3
9 0.6 2 -1.4 -5.7
10 0.4 2 -1.6 -7.3
11 0.5 2 -1.5 -8.8
12 0.9 2 -1.1 -9.9
13 1.1 2 -0.9 -10.8
14 2 2 0 0
15 5.5 2 3.5 +3.5
16 10.5 2 8.5 +12
17 3.5 2 1.5 +13.5
18 2.5 2 0.5 +14
The table above shows that the highest cumulative deficit is 10.8 x 106 m3. Therefore, the
reservoir must have a capacity of 10.8 x 106 m3