TOPIC WISE ESSAYS OF LAST 31 YEARS (1993-2023) IN

UPSC CIVIL SERVICES IAS/IPS EXAM

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In the UPSC mains examination, essay paper is worth 250 marks and three hours. Here is the
topic wise questions from the earlier years for the benefit of civil service IAS IPS aspirants.
Table of Contents
Topic wise Essays of last 31 years (1993-2023) in UPSC Civil Services IAS/IPS Exam 1
1 India: Democracy, administration, Society, culture.......................................................3
1.1 India Since Independence..............................................................................................3
1.2 Federalism, Decentralization.........................................................................................3
1.3 Administration................................................................................................................4
1.4 Judiciary..........................................................................................................................4
1.5 Poverty, Social Justice....................................................................................................4
1.6 Indian Society, Culture and Values..............................................................................4
1.7 Media, TV & Cinema, literature...................................................................................5
2 Economy, Development.....................................................................................................5
2.1 Growth vs Development.................................................................................................5
2.2 Environment vs Development........................................................................................6
2.3 MNCs...............................................................................................................................6
2.4 Sectors of Economy.........................................................................................................6
3 Education............................................................................................................................6
3.1 Values in Education........................................................................................................7
3.2 Scheme implementation.................................................................................................7
3.3 Higher education.............................................................................................................7
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 4 Quote based, Philosophy, Ethics......................................................................................7
4.1 Character, Honesty, Ethics............................................................................................7
4.2 Knowledge.......................................................................................................................8
4.3 Compassion.....................................................................................................................8
4.4 Truth and reality............................................................................................................9
4.5 Youth, Discipline.............................................................................................................9
4.6 Towards excellence.........................................................................................................9
5 Women empowerment.....................................................................................................10
5.1 @National Politics........................................................................................................10
5.2 @World / Quote type....................................................................................................10
5.3 Empowerment overall..................................................................................................10
5.4 Compared to men.........................................................................................................10
6 International issues, Internal Security, History............................................................11
6.1 Globalization.................................................................................................................11
6.2 International Org./ Bilateral........................................................................................11
6.3 Security..........................................................................................................................11
6.4 History...........................................................................................................................12
7 Science-Technology..........................................................................................................12
7.1 Science and Religion.....................................................................................................12
7.2 Science and Education..................................................................................................12
7.3 Computer and internet.................................................................................................12
7.4 Sci-Tech: others............................................................................................................13
Appendix: Linear Paper of UPSC Essay 2023.................................................................13
Section-A (write any one).................................................................................................13
Section-B (write any one).................................................................................................13
Appendix: Linear Paper of UPSC Essay 2022.................................................................13
Section-A..........................................................................................................................13
Section-B...........................................................................................................................14
Appendix: Model Answer pe Free Lecture & Powerpoint.............................................14
Appendix: Syllabus of Essay Paper in UPSC...................................................................14

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 1 INDIA: DEMOCRACY, ADMINISTRATION, SOCIETY, CULTURE

1.1 INDIA SINCE INDEPENDENCE

1. Is the Colonial mentality hindering India’s Success? -2013
2. In the context of Gandhiji’s views on the matter, explore, on an evolutionary scale, the
terms ‘Swadhinata’, ‘Swaraj’ and ‘Dharmarajya’. Critically comment on their
contemporary relevance to Indian democracy -2012
3. Dreams which should not let India sleep. -2015
4. Why should we be proud of being Indians? -2000
5. Whither Indian democracy? -1995
6. How far has democracy in India delivered the goods? -2003
7. What we have not learnt during fifty years of independence. -1997
8. What have we gained from our democratic set-up? -2001
9. My vision of India in 2001 a.d. -1993

1.2 FEDERALISM, DECENTRALIZATION

1. Impact of the new economic measures on fiscal ties between the union and states in
India. -2017
2. Water disputes between States in federal India. -2016
3. Cooperative federalism : Myth or reality. -2016
4. Creation of smaller states and the consequent administrative, economic and
developmental implication -2011
5. Evaluation of panchayati raj system in India from the point of view of eradication of
power to people. -2007
6. Water resources should be under the control of the central government. -2004
7. The language problem in India: its past, present and prospects. -1998

1.3 ADMINISTRATION

1. There are better practices to “best practices”. -2021

2. How should a civil servant conduct himself? -2003
3. Politics without ethics is a disaster. -1995
4. The VIP cult is a bane of Indian democracy -1996
5. Need for transparency in public administration -1996
6. The country’s need for a better disaster management system. -2000
7. Politics, bureaucracy and business – fatal triangle. -1994

1.4 JUDICIARY

1. We may brave human laws but cannot resist natural laws. -2017
2. Justice must reach the poor -2005
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 3. Judicial activism and Indian democracy. -2004
4. Judicial activism. -1997

1.5 POVERTY, SOCIAL JUSTICE

1. A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity. (- जिस समाज में
अधिक न्याय होताहैउस समाज को दान की कमआवयकता
य हो यती है । ) - 2023
2. There can be no social justice without economic prosperity but economic prosperity
without social justice is meaningless (बिना आर्थिक समृद्धि के सामाजिक न्याय नहीं हो
सकता, किन्तु बिनासामाजिक न्याय केआर् थि
क समृद् धि क है) -2020
निरर्थ
3. Neglect of primary health care and education in India are reasons for its
backwardness. -2019
4. The focus of health care is increasingly getting skewed towards the ‘haves’ of our
society. -2009
5. Food security for sustainable national development -2005
6. Reservation, politics and empowerment. -1999

1.6 INDIAN SOCIETY, CULTURE AND VALUES

1. Culture is what we are, civilization is what we have (जोहमहै , वह संस्कार; जोहमारेपास है

,
वह सभ्यता) -2020
2. Indian culture today: a myth or a reality? -2000
3. Modernism and our traditional socio-ethical values. -2000
4. The composite culture of India. -1998
5. The Indian society at the crossroads. -1994
6. From traditional Indian philanthropy to the gates-buffet model-a natural progression
or a paradigm shift? -2010
7. New cults and godmen: a threat to traditional religion -1996

1.7 MEDIA, TV & CINEMA, LITERATURE

1. Biased media is a real threat to Indian democracy. -2019

2. Responsibility of media in a democracy. -2002
3. Role of media in good governance -2008
4. Does Indian cinema shape our popular culture or merely reflect it? -2011
5. How has satellite television brought about cultural change in Indian mindsets? -2007
6. Is sting operation an invasion on privacy? -2014
7. Mass media and cultural invasion. -1999
8. The misinterpretation and misuse of freedom in India. -1998
9. Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world (कविसंसार केअनधिकृत रू प से
) - 2022
विधायक होतेहैं

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 2 ECONOMY, DEVELOPMENT

2.1 GROWTH VS DEVELOPMENT

1. Poverty anywhere is a threat to prosperity everywhere. -2018

2. Digital economy: A leveller or a source of economic inequality. -2016
3. Innovation is the key determinant of economic growth and social welfare. -2016
4. Near jobless growth in India: An anomaly or an outcome of economic reforms. -2016
5. Crisis faced in India - moral or economic. -2015
6. Was it the policy paralysis or the paralysis of implementation which slowed the
growth of our country? -2014
7. GDP (Gross Domestic Product) along with GDH (Gross Domestic Happiness) would
be the right indices for judging the wellbeing of a country-2013
8. Can capitalism bring inclusive growth? -2015
9. Resource management in the Indian context. -1999
10.Economic growth without distributive justice is bound to breed violence. -1993

2.2 ENVIRONMENT VS DEVELOPMENT

1. Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence (आर् थि
क समृद् धि
हासिल करनेके
मामलेमें
वन सर् वो
त्त
म प्र । ) - 2022
तिमान होतेहैं
2. Alternative technologies for a climate change resilient India. -2018
3. Should a moratorium be imposed on all fresh mining in tribal areas of the country? -
2010
4. Urbanisation and its hazards -2008
5. Protection of ecology and environment is essential for sustained economic
development. -2006
6. Urbanization is a blessing in disguise. -1997
7. Ecological considerations need not hamper development. -1993

2.3 MNCS

1. Globalization would finish small-scale industries in India. -2006

2. Multinational corporations – saviours or saboteurs -1994
3. Special economic zone: boon or bane -2008
4. Is the criticism that the ‘Public-Private-Partnership’ (PPP) model for development is
more of a bane than a boon in the Indian context, justified ?-2012

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 2.4 SECTORS OF ECONOMY

1. Farming has lost the ability to be a source of subsistence for majority of farmers in
India. -2017
2. BPO boom in India. -2007
3. Tourism: Can this be the next big thing for India? -2014
4. Are our traditional handicrafts doomed to a slow death? -2009

3 EDUCATION

3.1 VALUES IN EDUCATION

1. Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in - school. (-
क्षावह हैजोविद् या
लय मेंविधालय में ।)
सीखी गई बातोंको भूल जानेकेबाद भी ष रह जातीहै
2. Destiny of a nation is shaped in its classrooms. -2017
3. Education without values, as useful as it is, seems rather to make a man more clever
devil-2015
4. Independent thinking should be encouraged right form the childhood. -2007
5. Are the standardized tests good measure of academic ability or progress? -2014
6. Irrelevance of the classroom. -2001
7. Is the growing level of competition good for the youth? -2014
8. Literacy is growing very fast, but there is no corresponding growth in education. -
1996
9. Is an egalitarian society possible by educating the masses ? -2008
10.What is real education? -2005

3.2 SCHEME IMPLEMENTATION

1. Neglect of primary health care and education in India are reasons for its
backwardness. -2019
2. “Education for all” campaign in India: myth or reality. -2006
3. Restructuring of Indian education system. -1995

3.3 HIGHER EDUCATION

1. Privatization of higher education in India. -2002

2. Credit – based higher education system – status, opportunities and challenges -2011

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 4 QUOTE BASED, PHILOSOPHY, ETHICS

4.1 CHARACTER, HONESTY, ETHICS

1. A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities (हर असमं जस केलिएमुस्कराहट हीचुनिन्दा
साधन है ) - 2022
2. Philosophy of wantlessness is a Utopian, while materialism is a chimera. -2021
3. Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is an awareness of
me. -2021
4. Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication (सरलताचरमपरिष्करण है) -2020
5. Ships don't sink because of water around them ships sink because of water that gets
into them (जहाज अपनेचारोंतरफ केपानीकेवजह सेनहींडूबाकरते , जहाज पानीकेअंदर समांजाने
की वजह सेडूबताहैं ) -2020
6. Life is a long journey between being human and being humane. (मनुष्य होनेऔर मानव
बनने के बीच का लम्बा सफर ही जीवन है)-2020
7. Values are not what humanity is, but what humanity ought to be -2019
8. Best for an individual is not necessarily best for the society -2019
9. Courage to accept and dedication to improve are two keys to success -2019
10.Wisdom finds truth -2019
11.A people that values its privileges above its principles loses both. -2018
12.Customary morality cannot be a guide to modem file. -2018
13.We may brave human laws but cannot resist natural laws. -2017
14.Need brings greed, if greed increases it spoils breed. -2016
15.Character of an institution is reflected in its leader. -2015
16.With greater power comes greater responsibility. -2014
17.Words are sharper than the two-edged sword. -2014
18.Attitude makes, habit makes character and character makes a man. -2007
19.He would reigns within himself and folds his passions and desires and fears is more
than a king. -1993

4.2 KNOWLEDGE

1. Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team. (- सोच एक
खेल की तरह है , यह तब तक रू नहींहोताहैजब तक कि एक विपरीत टीम/पक्षन हो। ) - 2023
2. Mathematics is the music of reason. (- गणित ज्ञा न का संगीत है। ) - 2023
3. The real is rational and the rational is real. -2021
4. Mindful manifesto is the catalyst to a tranquil self (विचारपरक संकल्प स्वयंकेतचित्त रहने
रक है)-2020
का उत्प्रे
5. ‘The past’ is a permanent dimension of human consciousness and values. -2018
6. A good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge. -2018
7. There is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so. -2003
8. Disinterested intellectual curiosity is the lifeblood of civilisation. -1995

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 4.3 COMPASSION

1. Joy is the simplest form of gratitude. -2017

2. Compassion is the basic of all morality of the world -1993
3. Lending hands to someone is better than giving a dole. -2015
4. Be the change you want to see in others (Gandhi)-2013

4.4 TRUTH AND REALITY

1. Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right
(केवल इसलिएकि आपकेपास विकल्प हैं , इसका यह अर्थ कदापि नहीं है कि उनमें से किसी को भी ठीक
होनाहीहोगा) - 2022
2. Reality does not conform to the ideal, but confirms it. -2018
3. Truth is lived, not taught -1996
4. When money speaks, the truth is silent. -1995
5. Search for truth can only be a spiritual problem. -2002

4.5 YOUTH, DISCIPLINE

1. The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining (छप्पर मरम्मत करने का समय तभी होता
, जब धूप खिलीहुई हो) - 2022
है
2. You cannot step twice in the same river (आप उसीनदीमें ) - 2022
दोबारानहींउतर सकते
3. Discipline means success, anarchy means ruin -2008
4. Youth is a blunder, manhood a struggle, old age a regret -1994
5. If youth knew, if age could. -2002
6. Youth culture today. -1999
7. Fifty Golds in Olympics: Can this be a reality for India? -2014

4.6 TOWARDS EXCELLENCE

1. Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic. (- दूरदर्

निर्ण
य तभीलिएजातेहैअं तर् ज्
न और तर् कका परस्पर मे
ञा ल होताहै । ) - 2023
2. Not all who wander are lost. (- भटकनेवालेसभीगुमनहींहोजाते । ) - 2023
3. Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the
mundane (- रचनात्मकताकी प्रे रणाअलौकिक तामें चमत्कार ढूंढनेकेप्र
यास सेउपजतिहै ) - 2023
4. A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for (जहाज बन्दरगाह केभीतर सुरक्षि
त
होताहै, परन्तु इसके लिए तो वह होता नहीं है) - 2022
5. Quick but steady wins the race. -2015
6. Useless life is an early death. -1994
7. Our deeds determine us, as much as we determine our deeds. -1995
8. The paths of glory lead but to the grave. -2002
9. The pursuit of excellence. -2001
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 5 WOMEN EMPOWERMENT

5.1 @NATIONAL POLITICS

1. Greater political power alone will not improve women’s plight. -1997
2. Women’s reservation bill would usher in empowerment for women in India. -2006
3. The new emerging women power: the ground realities. -1995

5.2 @WORLD / QUOTE TYPE

1. Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world. -2021

2. If women ruled the world -2005
3. The hand that rocks the cradle -2005

5.3 EMPOWERMENT OVERALL

1. Patriarchy is the least noticed yet the most significant structure of social inequality
(पितृ-सत् ता
की व्यवस्थानजर मैंबहुत कामआनेकेबावजूद सामाजिक विषमताकी सबसेप्र भावीसंरचना
) -2020
है
2. Fulfilment of ‘new woman’ in India is a myth. -2017
3. If development is not engendered, it is endangered. -2016
4. Whither women’s emancipation? -2004
5. Empowerment alone cannot help our women. -2001
6. Women empowerment: challenges and prospects. -1999

5.4 COMPARED TO MEN

1. Woman is god’s best creation. -1998

2. Men have failed: let women take over. -1993
3. Managing work and home – is the Indian working woman getting a fair deal ?-2012

6 INTERNATIONAL ISSUES, INTERNAL SECURITY, HISTORY

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 6.1 GLOBALIZATION

1. South Asian societies are woven not around the state, but around their plural cultures
and plural identities. -2019
2. Modernisation and westernisation are not identical concepts. -1994
3. ‘globalization’ vs. ‘nationalism’ -2009
4. National identity and patriotism -2008
5. Globalizations and its impact on Indian culture. -2004
6. The masks of new imperialism. -2003
7. As civilization advances culture declines. -2003
8. The implications of globalization for India. -2000
9. My vision of an ideal world order. -2001
10.India’s contribution to world wisdom. -1998
11.The world of the twenty-first century. -1998
12.Preparedness of our society for India’s global leadership role. -2010

6.2 INTERNATIONAL ORG./ BILATERAL

1. Technology as the silent factor in international relations (अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संबंधों मैं मौन करक के
रू प मैं
प्रौ गिकी) -2020
द् यो
2. Has the Non-Alignment Movement (NAM) lost its relevance in a multipolar world ? -
2017
3. Restructuring of UNO reflect present realities -1996
4. The global order: political and economic -1993
5. India’s role in promoting ASEAN co-operation. -2004
6. Importance of Indo-US nuclear agreement -2006

6.3 SECURITY

1. Management of Indian border dispute is a complex task. -2018

2. In the Indian context , both human intelligence and technical intelligence are crucial in
combating terrorism -2011
3. Are we a ‘soft’ state ? -2009
4. Good fences make good neighbours -2009
5. Is autonomy the best answer to combat balkanization? -2007
6. Terrorism and world peace -2005
7. True religion cannot be misused. -1997

6.4 HISTORY
1. History repeats itself, first as tragedy, second as farce. -2021
2. Geography may remain the same ; history need not. -2010

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 7 SCIENCE-TECHNOLOGY

7.1 SCIENCE AND RELIGION

1. Spirituality and scientific temper. -2003

2. Science and Mysticism : Are they compatible ?-2012

7.2 SCIENCE AND EDUCATION

1. What is research, but a blind date with knowledge! -2021

2. Modern technological education and human values. -2002
3. Value-based science and education. -1999
4. The march of science and the erosion of human values. -2001

7.3 COMPUTER AND INTERNET

1. The process of self-discovery has now been technologically outsourced. -2021

2. Technology as the silent factor in international relations (अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संबंधों मैं मौन करक के
रू प मैं
प्रौ गिकी) -2020
द् यो
3. Rise of Artificial Intelligence: the threat of jobless future or better job opportunities
through reskilling and upskilling. -2019
4. ‘Social media’ is inherently a selfish medium. -2017
5. Cyberspace and Internet : Blessing or curse to the human civilization in the long run -
2016
6. Increasing computerization would lead to the creation of a dehumanized society. -
2006
7. The cyberworld: its charms and challenges. -2000
8. Computer: the harbinger of silent revolution. -1993

7.4 SCI-TECH: OTHERS

1. Technology cannot replace manpower. -2015

2. Science and technology is the panacea for the growth and security of the nation-2013
3. The modern doctor and his patients. -1997
4. The lure of space. -2004

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 APPENDIX: LINEAR PAPER OF UPSC ESSAY 2023

Section-A (write any one)

1. Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team. (- सोच एक
खेल की तरह है, यह तब तक रू नहींहोताहैजब तक कि एक विपरीत टीम/पक्ष न हो।)
2. Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic. (- दूरदर्
निर्ण
य तभीलिएजातेहैअं तर् ज्
न और तर् कका परस्पर मे
ञा ल होताहै।)
3. Not all who wander are lost. (- भटकनेवालेसभीगुमनहींहोजाते ।)
4. Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the
mundane (- रचनात्मकताकी प्रे रणाअलौकिक तामें चमत्कार ढूंढनेकेप्र
यास सेउपजतिहै )

Section-B (write any one)

1. Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands - two equally harmful
disciplines. (-लड़कियांबं
दि केतथालड़केअपे क्षा
केबोझ तलेदबेहुएहोतेहैं दोनोंहीसमान रू प से
।)
हानिकारक व्यवस्थाएंहैं
2. Mathematics is the music of reason. (- गणित ज्ञान का संगीत है।)
3. A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity. (- जिस समाज में
अधिक न्याय होता है उस समाज को दान की कम आवश्यकता होती है।)
4. Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in - school. (-
शि क्षा
वह हैजोविद् या
लय में
विधालय में
सीखी गई बातोंको भूल जानेकेबाद भीशे षरह जातीहै ।)

APPENDIX: LINEAR PAPER OF UPSC ESSAY 2022

Answer one-one essay from each section in 1000-1200 words

Section-A

1. Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence (आर् थिक समृद् धि
हासिल करनेके
मामलेमें
वन सर् वोत्त
म प्र । ) - 2022
तिमान होतेहैं
2. Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world (कविसंसार केअनधिकृत रू प से
विधायक होतेहैं) - 2022
3. History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man
(इतिहास वैज्ञानिक मनुष्य के रूमानी मनुष्य पर विजय हासिल करने का एक
सिलसिलाहै । ) - 2022
4. A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for (जहाज बन्दरगाह केभीतर सुरक्षि
त
, परन्तु इसके लिए तो वह होता नहीं है) & 2022
होताहै

Section-B

5. The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining (छप्पर मरम्मत करने का समय तभी होता
, जब धूप खिलीहुई हो) - 2022
है
6. You cannot step twice in the same river (आप उसीनदीमें दोबारानहींउतर सकते) - 2022
7. A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities (हर असमं जस केलिएमुस्कराहट हीचुनिन्दा
साधन है) - 2022

Topicwise UPSC Essay Papers. Get Ready for Mrunal's Mains Economy Course (🔖discount Code: 'Mrunal.org') → Page
12
 8. Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right
(केवल इसलिएकि आपकेपास विकल्प हैं , इसका यह अर्थ कदापि नहीं है कि उनमें से
किसीको भीठीक होनाहीहोगा) – 2022

APPENDIX: MODEL ANSWER PE FREE LECTURE & POWERPOINT

Yea
Lectures Powerpoint
r

Free Powerpoint:
Free Lecture: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?
2023 https://unacademy.com/content/
list=PLSVABdpsEeglA4VimijYd4u1Q0uee8Vpz
upsc/mains-paper-analysis/

Free Lecture: https://www.youtube.com/playlist? Free Powerpoint:

2022 list=PLwYR7WJw1-QWw2l- https://unacademy.com/content/
GA5DVW0EThFRkORf8 upsc/mains-paper-analysis/

APPENDIX: SYLLABUS OF ESSAY PAPER IN UPSC

Essay: Candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. They will be expected
to keep closely to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in orderly fashion, and to
write concisely. Credit will be given for effective and exact expression.

🪔 Diwali offer UPSC Subscription for those targeting 2024/2025/20265:

https://unacademy.com/goal/upsc-civil-services-examination-ias-preparation/KSCGY/
subscriptions
(🔖Discount Code: ‘Mrunal.org’)

Topicwise UPSC Essay Papers. Get Ready for Mrunal's Mains Economy Course (🔖discount Code: 'Mrunal.org') → Page
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