Final exam – TFN

Victor Angelo Vera

1. What is nursing theory?

- Are organized bodies of knowledge to define what nursing is, what nurses do, why they
do it. Nursing theories provide a way to define nursing as a unique discipline that is
separate from other discipline. It is a framework of concepts and purposes intended to
guide nursing practice at a more concrete and specific level.
2. What are the relevance of theories in nursing education, nursing research, and nursing
practice?
Relevance of nursing theories – is to improve practice positively influencing the health and
quality of life of patients. This was also developed to describe nursing care, guide nursing
practice, and provide a basis for clinical decision-making. The accomplishments of nursing
led to the recognition of nursing in an education, research, and practice
In education – Theories help nursing programs identify the major concepts in one or two
nursing models, organized the concepts, and build an entire nursing curriculum around the
created framework. Help us build the School of nursing to provide fundamental implication
of the profession and enhance the profession’s status
In research – development of theories is fundamental to the research process, where it is
necessary to use theory as a framework to provide perspective and guidance to the research
study. Theory can also be used to guide the research process by creating and testing
phenomena of interest.
In Practice – Clinical practice generates research questions and knowledge for theory. Its
primary contribution has been facilitation of reflecting, questioning, and thinking about what
nurses do. Also, theories became nursing discipline that guides nurses in every patient
interaction.
3. Using Jacqueline Fawcett’s theory evaluation tool, critique the theory that will be shown to
you.
Theory of Hapiness
Theory’s origin
- By observing chandelier’s in her home , the theorist have an idea about life’s imbalance
could result to unhappiness affecting health in many ways. In relate to human behavior
in a holistic aspects, imbalanced life could lead to UNHAPPY life. Their quality of work
and attitude towards work, coworkers, and clients are also affected.

Unique Focus

Concepts

5 major aspects of life

Physical – is the overall physical condition of a person may it be in fitness, wellness or

healthy lifestyle

Work/career – all about the person’s job or career, growth in the workplace and financial
stability

Spiritual – one’s own belief in god

Learnings – is the education in school and life experiences wherever it maybe

 Social life – is your life with family, lover, friends, work, church, and all other circle where
one person belongs

Assumptions

1. Purpose of nursing is to promote and help maintain a balanced life.

2. Having a balance life is means a healthy life
3. Having a healthy life results to having a happy life
4. Having a happy life has a direct impact in giving the best care for the patients
5. Each aspects of life is equally important as the others
6. Same amount of efforts should be dedicated to each and every aspects of your life to
maintain equilibrium
7. Role of nurse is to assists client achieve happiness
How are human beings defined and described?

Humans – being regardless of race and age that nurses give direct care to
How is environment defined and described?

Environment – has physical, chemical and biological features. It includes family, culture, and
community
How is health defined?

Health – defined as the equilibrium of all aspects

What is the goal of nursing?

Nursing – a healthy, happy nurse always gives the best score

What statements are made about the relations among the four metaparadigm concepts?

• In relation to the 5 aspects of life, mentioned in the concept. Maintaining balance among the
5 is important to attain health and happiness,.Person as the patient or the center of service,
to create a proper management plan to promote health and well-being. Health clearly
defined “as state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity” and well-being as a dynamic state of completeness in the
aspects and cannot be attained if one aspect is ignored or unattended. Environment must be
conducive to promote patients health, manipulation of it to promote health is necessary
biologically, work, social, learning and spiritually. Neglect one of the Life aspects signifies the
need for Nursing intervention. Focusing, planning, establishing patient-centered care
holistically carefully assessing any factors related to patients feeling of being unwell.

The criteria to be examined are:

the explication of the origins of the theory

explication of the origins in my own understanding is not much explicitly explained.

But it is stated that the theorist have her working experience as the basis of the theory, she
relate a chandelier disturbance in one’s human behavior in life, imbalance could lead to
affectation to health. UNHEALTHY=UNHAPPY=decline in work performance

the comprehensiveness of the content

 the theory emphasizes the interconnection between physical, work, socio-environmental ,
learning and spiritual factors. When this model is applied to health, it demonstrates the
importance of maintaining equilibrium in all aspects of our lives

its logical congruence

Persons can be considered beings-in-relationship, and illness can be considered a disruption

in aspects relationships that in turn affects all the other relational aspects of a person. This is
particularly important to nursing practice as this theory will serve as a guide in delivering
optimum care and explaining the reasons behind suboptimal service should deviation arise

how well it can lead to generation of new theory

the theory could become a guide or framework to other studies developing a theory,
as its life aspects physical, work, learning, social and spiritual can be relate to the BPSS
model. Using a holistic approach in health could help medical practitioners, to look not only
in one aspects of patients health. This holistic model to patient care focuses on the
intrapersonal interactions of the physical body and the mind-body connection and the
patient’s extra-personal relationships with the physical environment, family, friends, and
communities

its legitimacy

The theory uses 3 grand theory for basis, Behavioral theory, Comfort theory,
Neuman’s systems model. Application-wise to nursing practice it is applicable to any cultural
setting and across different background. Also, can be applied to hospital or community
setting but the explicit explanation of concepts and framework are too much abstract for
readers could lead to confusion. Theoretical framework of the theory is not shown of how
concepts will interact with each other.

4. What are the strengths and weaknesses of the theory shown in number 3?
Strengths
- Theory of happiness is true to all, whoever you are. Wherever you are and wherever you
may be. This theory transcends any culture
- Generalizability and social application
Weakness
-Explicit explanation of concepts and framework are too much abstract for readers could
lead to confusion
- Theoretical framework of the theory is not shown of how concepts will interact with each
other, the model shown are too general to provide understanding to the theory
- Specific nursing actions or considerations too improve health are not explicitly defined

5. Create your own theory.

- TLC (Tender Loving Care) in Nursing - the focus of my theory is on how Filipino nurses
incorporate a higher level of care to patients by gesture, tactfulness, kindness and happy
facial expression in every interaction, not in an intimate way that could cause
misinterpretation or malice in the patient’s part but to provide care patients could attain
holistic health.
- I myself created this theory based on my working experience here in RTNFI hospital, in
everyday work we deal with patients that is not well literate in terms of education,
 misconceptions and misbeliefs are all over their society leading them to refuse medical
service even at life and death situation.

Metaparadigm
Nursing – I define this as the utilization of proper therapeutic
communication(tactfulness), gesture, incorporation of kindness, and happy facial
expression
Person – Is the center of service, focus of intervention that needs nursing interventions.
Health – attainable by getting the cooperation of patient, by providing information and
care the person will
Environment – To be manipulated by the nurse by instilling kind-like behavior to
promote a conducive zone to enhance health

Subconcepts
Care thru Communication – usage of therapeutic communication at all times, always
make sure the patient understands well what nursing service he/she will receive.
Care thru Action – Polite gestures and kind like behavior+ nursing intervention could
lead to improve nurse-patient relationship
Care thru happiness – Usage of smile in every patient interaction could lead to positive
vibe giving patient more comfortability and trust to the nurse giving service

Assumptions
1. Patient understanding is vital to gain patient cooperation, unable to provide this
could lead to refusal to nursing service
2. Nursing pleasing appearance could help gain patient rapport
3. Nursing Actions must be incorporated with kind gestures and behavior

Conceptual Framework

E NURSING E
N N
VI VI
R R
O Person/patient O
N N
M M
E E
N N
T HEALTH T

PERSON as center of care by the NURSING above it enhancing the HEALTH under,. As the 3 concepts
are affected overall by the ENVIRONMENT