MBEYA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

GROUP 40

MODIFICATION OF A HOSPITAL BEDSIDE SCREEN WARD COVER WITH

EMERGENCY BUTTON
By

ALPHONSINA M. MKANYIPELELE 20123150374

KELVIN R. ROMA 20123150161
ANTIA.T. VEDASTO 20123150196

A Project Proposal Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Diploma

in Biomedical Equipment Engineering of Mbeya University of Science and
Technology.

(MUST)

2022/2023
 COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION

DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

2022/2023

MBEYA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION

DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

MODIFICATION OF A HOSPITAL BEDSIDE SCREEN WARD COVER WITH

EMERGENCY BUTTON

ALPHONSINA M. MKANYIPELELE
KELVIN R. ROMA
ANTIA.T. VEDASTO

SUPERVISOR
Dr. MARY SUKE
 DECRALATION

We, hereby declare that this submission is our own work towards Diploma of
Biomedical Equipment Engineering and that to the best of our knowledge, it contains
neither material previously published by another person nor material which has been
accepted for the award of the University nor any programmed, except due to
acknowledgement has been made in the text.

Name Signature Date

Alphonsina .M. Mkanyipelele

Kelvin .R. Roma
Antia .T. Vedasto
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to first thank GOD who has kept us safe for the entire period of studying
since we started our first level to date as we are finalizing, also we dedicate our special
thanks to supervisor DR MARY SUKE and project coordinator for their great support
in accomplishment of our work, also to all members of the staff who by one way or
another have helped us to go in a right path. Lastly we cannot mention all people who
have hands in this project, we cannot mention all of them but we appreciate their
contributions.

MAY GOD BLESS YOU ALL.

 LIST OF FIGURE

Figure 3. 1: Project flowchart of the proposed automated bed screen curtain with
emergence button...................................................................................................................
Figure 3. 2: Block diagram of the proposed automated screen ward and emergence
button......................................................................................................................................
 LIST OF TABLE
Table 1. Budgeting...............................................................................................................................
Table 2. Project schedule.....................................................................................................................
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT....................................................................................................iii
LIST OF FIGURE................................................................................................................iv
LIST OF TABLE...................................................................................................................v
CHAPTER ONE....................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................1
1.2 Problem Statement......................................................................................................1

1.3: Objectives.......................................................................................................................2
1.3.1 Main Objective..........................................................................................................2

1.3.2 Specific Objectives....................................................................................................2

1.4 Project Significance.....................................................................................................2

CHAPTER TWO...................................................................................................................3
LITERATURE REVIEW......................................................................................................3
2.1: Introduction................................................................................................................3

2.2 Functionality................................................................................................................4

2.3 Overview of Similar Project.......................................................................................4

CHAPTER THREE...............................................................................................................5
METHODOLOGY................................................................................................................5
3.1 Overview.......................................................................................................................5

3.2 System Requirement Specifications...........................................................................5

3.2.1 Software Requirements............................................................................................5

3.2.2 Hardware Requirements...........................................................................................5

3.3 Design............................................................................................................................5

3.4 Project Flowchart........................................................................................................6

3.5Block Diagram..............................................................................................................7

3.6 Expected Results..........................................................................................................7

APPENDECIES.....................................................................................................................8
3.7 Budgeting.....................................................................................................................8

3.8 Project Schedule..........................................................................................................9

REFERENCES....................................................................................................................10
 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background
A bedside screen curtain is a movable device or screen that maybe used in hospitals to
create a temporary separation. This screen curtain is often composed of curtain
enclosed in a metal frame and is used as a divider to provide privacy between patient
beds; hence it is also known as hospital or cubicle curtains.
However in some case, patients may need assistance but may not be able to call for
help themselves .This can lead to delays in response time, which can be potentially
dangerous. To address the issue hospital screens can be modified with emergency
buttons allowing patients to quickly alert medical staff in the event of an emergency.
(B.H Park et al 2013).
Studies show that 72% increase in nosocomial infection on the fabrics of bedside
cubicle curtains is due to lack of cleaning and by not frequently changing the bedside
curtains, contamination of cubicle curtains through direct contact with patient,
healthcare workers OR the surrounding environment, inadequate hand hygiene and
airborne transmission. Is reported to be
(P. Richard et al 2013)
Review on emergency medicine journal showed 364 road accidents patients were
approached and 313 road accidents patients (86%) strongly responded to have been
provided with full privacy while receiving emergency care such as being seen by
irrelevant persons, space provided for privacy when physically examined. (Y. Lin et al
2011)
1.2 Problem Statement
In many hospitals especially in Tanzania, movable ward screens are being used in order to
provide privacy to the patients thus these curtains have been found to contribute to the
spread of nosocomial infection, because they are frequently touched by doctors, nurses,
patients and visitors also, they are said to be movable hence leading to unnecessary
accidents as they may fall down and hurt both the patients and users. Also in case of
emergency assistance patients may not be able to call for help themselves in case of an
emergency and thus leading to delay in response time, which is potentially dangerous.
Therefore, modification of bedside screen curtains with emergency button will enable the
patient with highly and better privacy and self-management, provide reassurance, reduce
anxiety, creating a better private space for patients shielding them from unnecessary
exposure and maintaining their dignity. Lastly provide flexible and adaptable solution for
healthcare facilities together with safety and security.
1.3: Objectives

1.3.1 Main Objective

The main objective of this project is to modify the hospital bedside screen ward cover
with emergency button.

1.3.2 Specific Objectives

i. To design a circuit of the system and select the appropriate components.
ii. To simulate the designed circuit.
iii. To build a prototype.
iv. To test and apply quality assurance of the prototype

1.4 Project Significance

i. Cost effective
ii. Hygienic and safe also reduce cleaning time
iii. Prevents the spread of healthcare associated infections(nosocomial infection)
iv. Easy to install and use also can be used for variety applications
 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1: Introduction
Hospital bedside screens curtains are an essential part of patient care. They provide
privacy, comfort, and security for patients during their stay in the hospital. However, it is
also important to consider the safety of patients, especially in emergency situations. One
way to address this issue is by modifying the hospital bedside screen ward cover with an
emergency button. This modification will allow patients to call for assistance immediately
in case of an emergency.
Several studies have been conducted to investigate the importance of patient safety in
hospital settings. In a study by Mira et al. (2014), it was found that the most common
adverse events in hospitals are related to patient falls, medication errors, and healthcare-
associated infections. These events can have serious consequences for patients, including
prolonged hospital stays, increased healthcare costs, and even death. Therefore, it is
essential to implement measures that can prevent or mitigate these adverse events.
One potential solution is the modification of hospital equipment to improve patient safety.
For example, in a study by Cho et al. (2017), the authors investigated the effectiveness of a
modified hospital bed with an alarm system for preventing falls in elderly patients. The
results showed that the modified bed reduced the incidence of falls and improved patient
safety.
Similarly, modifying the hospital bedside screen ward cover with an emergency button can
also improve patient safety. In a study by Ma et al. (2020), the authors designed a hospital
bedside screen with an integrated nurse call system to improve patient safety and
communication. The results showed that the modified bedside screen was effective in
improving patient satisfaction and reducing the time taken to respond to patient calls.
Another study investigated the use of a modified hospital bed with an integrated nurse call
system and electronic medical records to improve patient safety and communication. The
authors found that the modified bed was effective in improving patient outcomes and
reducing healthcare costs. (Boudi et al. (2019)
In conclusion, modifying the hospital bedside screen ward cover with an emergency button
is a potential solution to improve patient safety in hospitals. Previous studies have shown
that modifications to hospital equipment can be effective in preventing adverse events and
improving patient outcomes. Therefore, it is important for hospitals to consider
implementing these modifications to ensure the safety and well-being of their patients.
2.2 Functionality
The input provided by the user is forwarded to the Microcontroller for process. When the
push button 1 is pressed then the microcontroller receive signals and allow the servo motor
to start operate by taking up or down the curtain depend on victim interring or leaving to
the bed. When push button 2 pressed it send the signal to microcontroller then give out the
feedback to the red LED that allocated on the bed and doctor will receive signal from the
buzzer.

2.3 Overview of Similar Project

Technically, the system that exists and is currently in use is that the curtains are pulled and
moved by hand without any technology to provide patients with privacy during medical
procedures, but at times patients may need emergency assistance but may not be able to
call for help (D.C.Iyawa et al 2021)

Also in recent years the UK’s emergency call and response has shown elements of great
strain as of today. The strain on emergency call system estimated by a 9 million calls made
in 2014 alone , coupled with an increasing population and cuts in government funding ,
this has resulted in lower percentage of emergency response (Kim .J & Choi, J .2021)

Thus due to some of the challenges of emergency service and we thought of coming up
with this project as a solution by designing an automatic screen ward cover (cubicle
curtain) with an emergency button.
 CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Overview
To implement the machine, we have a tendency to interface software package and
hardware elements and take a look at to create it easier in addition as compact, so that it
can be carry or place anywhere. At an equivalent time, the utilization of Arduino UNO
microcontroller builds the system additional versatile.

3.2 System Requirement Specifications

The system hardware and software requirements for the implementations of the proposed
project are mentioned below.

3.2.1 Software Requirements

In the software requirement, Arduino IDE software version 1.8.1 will be used for
configuring process and uploading the code from Windows Operating System to the
Arduino at mega 2560 board via USB cable. The Proteus software version 8.4 will be used
to simulate the circuit of our project design before implementation to the prototype.

3.2.2 Hardware Requirements

The system will mainly consist of variable circuit building materials to be used for
implementation of the experimental works. These materials are as listed below.

i. Arduino Uno
ii. Servo motor
iii. PCB
iv. LED
v. Jumper wire
vi. Push button
vii. Power supply
viii. Buzzer

3.3 Design
This project will introduce the systems which included hardware design, and component
selection, Software design, circuit constructions and fabrications or assembly of the parts.
The input provided by the user is forwarded to the Microcontroller for process. The
microcontroller gives out the feedback to the servo motor that rotate for taking up or down
the curtain on a bed
3.4 Project Flowchart

START: SYSTEM ON

Initialize System
CHECK CONTROL BUTTON

If control button is pressed (OPEN)

Open curtain immediately

If control button is pressed (CLOSE)

Close the curtain immediately

CHECK EMERGENCY
BUTTON

If emergency button is pressed

LED remains solidly lit by

turning bright thus notify
medical personnel as
communication means for
emergency assistance or urgent
medical need/attention.

If not pressed Continue to the

next step.

END: SYSTEM OFF

Figure 3. 1: Project flowchart of the proposed automated bed screen curtain with
emergence button.
3.5Block Diagram

Figure 3. 2: Block diagram of the proposed automated screen ward and emergence
button.
3.6 Expected Results
After system completion, we expect our project will prevent unnecessary accidents that
may occur unexpectedly when moving the screen from one place to another, again our
project will help to save time as time is being wasted when moving the screen from one
place to another and help the patient when there is a problem to inform the doctor for help.
 APPENDECIES

3.7 Budgeting
S/N Name of Device Specification Numbe Cost per Total
r of device
Devices
01 Arduino Uno UNO R3 1 50,000/= 50,000/=
02 Servo motor 90gm 1 15,000/= 15,000/=
03 PCB 7x5 1 16,000/= 16,000/=
04 LED 2 3 300/= 900/=
05 Jumper wire Male female, male 40 200 8,000/=
male, female female.
06 Push button 90mA, 24V DC 2 1,500/= 30000/=
07 Buzzer 5V 1 5,000/= 5,000/=
08 power supply 10V 1 20,000/= 20,000/=
module
09 Step up motor 1 70000 70,000
END GRAND 240,000
TOTAL
3.8 Project Schedule
 REFERENCES

B.H.Park et al (2012).Development of a novel safety system for hospital bed based on the
internet things. Journal of medical systems 37(6), 1-7

Choi.H.Kim .J&Choi .J (2021).The development of a smart ward curtain with a wireless

Emergency call system .Applied Sciences ,11(3),1043,doi;10.3390/app 1031043

Gok.M.Yildrim.F, & Sahin .B. (2019). Development of a medical curtain with an

emergency button. Textile Research Journal, 89(10), 1962-1972

Ma, W., Huang, X., Wang, Y., & Chen, J. (2020). Design of hospital bedside screen
with integrated nurse call system based on human-computer interaction. Journal of
Healthcare Engineering, 2020, 1-10. doi: 10.1155/2020/2591974
Mira, J. J., Lorenzo, S., Carrillo, I., Ferrús, L., Pérez-Pérez, P.,
Silvestre, C., & Astier, P. (2014). Patient safety in hospitals: A cross-sectional study of the
association between organizational factors and adverse events. International Journal for
Quality in Health