How can we prevent pollution

in the oceans?
BY ALEJANDRO, DANIIL, MAGGIE, STAN AND ZARA
What is pollution?
According to J. Vinicio Macías-Zamora,2011 ocean and sea
pollution is one of the largest and most controversial problems. It
Pollution is the introduction of harmful materials
comes from ships, vessels and other water transportation that into
the environment. These harmful materials are called
has accidentally or purposely left it in the water. This can effect
pollutants. Pollutants
human and marine health. can be natural, such as volcanic
ash. They can also be created by human activity, such
as trash or runoff produced by factories

MAGGIE
 Why is the sea
polluted?
According to an article called causes and effects
of pollution (2023), some of the main objects
that cause pollution are: plastics, industrial
waste, pesticides, bacteria and fertilisers. Other
things that pollute can include small chemicals
and microplastics.
Sea is being polluted by plastic things, like
plastic bags. Sea turtles, like the one in the
photo, mistake it with food, like jelly fish.
Also, the oceans cannot survive with the plastic
and pollution in it.

STAN
 SOLUTIONS TO THE
PROBLEM
According to the sensorex company (2020)
waste water
First of all, itreatment is to
would like thesay
most
rh effective
solution to water pollution.
From some research, I have found that one of
the most common causes of water pollution
is using the toilet as a bin, when you flush
non disposable things, they just float in the
ocean forever, never decomposing.
Ricardo Beiras (2018) says that an
appropriate solution would be improving
machines so they would pollute less.

ZARA
EFFECTS OF WATER
POLLUTION
According to A. Dick Vethaal (2018), marine microplastics could effect human food security, food safety
and health. On the other hand, people have found microplastics in food items and drinking water.
As reported by Philip J. Landrigan, eating polluted seafood can cause lower IQ, higher chances of
autism, ADHD and other learning disabilities in infants. In adults, polluted seafood can cause higher
risks of cardiovascular disease and dementia. Furthermore, water pollution can also decrease fertility in
males, damage the nervous system and increase risk of cancer.

MAGGIE
ZARA
WHEN DID WE START
POLLUTING THE OCEAN?
Water pollution first became a thing in the 1800s, but it only became a grand problem in the late 1960s. The
first records of water pollution date back to the mid 19th century and several major problems appeared in
the mid 20th century. In the 1850s, acid rain was discovered. Water pollution started to really progress
during the industrial revolution, which was during the years 1760 to 1840.
BY EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT

DANIIL
DANIIL
EVERYONE CAN DO SOMETHING TO HELP SOLVE THE PLASTIC POLLUTION PROBLEM, AND
2.2 MILLIONS OF PEOPLE WORLDWIDE ARE ALREADY TAKING ACTION TO REDUCE THEIR
PLASTIC USE(WWF). HERE ARE THREE WAYS YOU CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE, STARTING
TODAY.

DANIIL DANIIL
 1. REDUCE YOUR USE OF SINGLE-USE PLASTICS
WHEREVER YOU LIVE, THE EASIEST AND MOST DIRECT WAY THAT YOU CAN GET STARTED
IS BY REDUCING YOUR OWN USE OF SINGLE-USE PLASTICS. SINGLE-USE PLASTICS

In all sea more

INCLUDE PLASTIC BAGS, WATER BOTTLES, STRAWS, CUPS, UTENSILS, DRY CLEANING
BAGS, TAKE-OUT CONTAINERS, AND ANY OTHER PLASTIC ITEMS THAT ARE USED ONCE
AND THEN DISCARDED.
THE BEST WAY TO DO THIS IS BY A) REFUSING ANY SINGLE-USE PLASTICS THAT YOU DO
NOT NEED (E.G. STRAWS, PLASTIC BAGS, TAKEOUT UTENSILS, TAKEOUT CONTAINERS),

than more than

AND B) PURCHASING, AND CARRYING WITH YOU, REUSABLE VERSIONS OF THOSE
PRODUCTS, INCLUDING REUSABLE GROCERY BAGS, PRODUCE BAGS, BOTTLES, UTENSILS,
COFFEE CUPS, AND DRY CLEANING GARMENT BAGS. AND WHEN YOU REFUSE SINGLE-USE
PLASTIC ITEMS, HELP BUSINESSES BY LETTING THEM KNOW THAT YOU WOULD LIKE
THEM TO OFFER ALTERNATIVES.

25 million tons
DANIIL DANIIL
2.SUPPORT LEGISLATION TO REDUCE PLASTIC PRODUCTION AND WASTE BECAUSE INDIVIDUAL
EFFORTS ALONE CAN'T SOLVE OCEAN PLASTIC POLLUTION. IN THE US, THE 2021 BREAK FREE
FROM PLASTIC POLLUTION ACT AND STATE EPR INITIATIVES HOLD PRODUCERS
ACCOUNTABLE. INTERNATIONALLY, A GLOBAL PLASTICS TREATY SIGNED BY 175 MEMBER
STATES AIMS TO SET RULES TO REDUCE PLASTIC POLLUTION. LEGISLATION LIMITING,
TAXING, OR BANNING SINGLE-USE PLASTIC ITEMS LIKE BAGS, TAKEOUT CONTAINERS, AND
BOTTLES HAS SEEN SUCCESS WORLDWIDE. SUPPORT THESE POLICIES IN YOUR COMMUNITY
WITH AVAILABLE RESOURCES AND TOOLKITS FOR EFFECTIVE CHANGE.

DANIIL DANIIL
 3. RECYCLE PROPERLY
THIS SHOULD GO WITHOUT SAYING, BUT WHEN YOU USE SINGLE-USE (AND OTHER) PLASTICS
THAT CAN BE RECYCLED, ALWAYS BE SURE TO RECYCLE THEM. AT PRESENT, JUST 9% OF
PLASTIC IS RECYCLED WORLDWIDE. RECYCLING HELPS KEEP PLASTICS OUT OF THE OCEAN
AND REDUCES THE AMOUNT OF “NEW” PLASTIC IN CIRCULATION. IF YOU NEED HELP FINDING
A PLACE TO RECYCLE PLASTIC WASTE NEAR YOU, CHECK EARTH911’S RECYCLING
DIRECTORY. IT’S ALSO IMPORTANT TO CHECK WITH YOUR LOCAL RECYCLING CENTER ABOUT
THE TYPES OF PLASTIC THEY ACCEPT.

DANIIL DANIIL
 INTERESTING FACTS

79% OF THE COASTAL SEABED IS

DISTURBED DUE TO BOTTOM TRAWLING

32% TO 53% OF SHARKS AND RAYS ARE 46% of coastal water area suffers from
THREATENED BY BYCATCH intense eutrophication

DANIIL DANIIL
 QUESTIONS
HOW MANY TONNES OF PLASTICS EXIST IN THE OCEANS TODAY?
HOW MANY PERCENTAGE OF PLASTIC IS RECYCLED WORLDWIDE?

DANIIL
data on marine pollution
MOST OF THE OCEAN GARBAGE IS FOUND AT THE
BOTTOM
As unpleasant as ocean pollution is, what we can't
see may be worse: 70 percent of ocean trash sinks to
the seabed, meaning we're unlikely to be able to
clean it up.

EVEN NUTRIENTS CAN BE

HARMFUL
When dumped into the sea in large quantities, agricultural nutrients like
nitrogen can stimulate explosive algae growth. When the algae decompose,
the oxygen in the surrounding waters is consumed, creating a vast
deoxygenated zone that can result in mass deaths of fish and other marine
life.

ALEJANDRO
THE OCEANS ARE
LOSING MASS OF
MUSSELS
One of the effects of greenhouse
emissions is increased ocean
acidification, which makes it more
difficult for species such as mussels,
clams and oysters to form shells,
decreasing their chances of survival,
disrupting the food chain and affects
the multi-billion dollar seafood
industry

ALEJANDRO
The pollution of the beaches
Today, pollution, understood as the anthropogenic
modification of an ecosystem that involves, among other
things, a change in concentration in its natural chemical
components or the introduction of artificial chemicals, takes
place in all types of natural systems, including coasts and
beaches, which act as important sources of animal and plant
biodiversity, as well as tourist attraction

consequences of pollution
Impact on public health: wastewater discharges into the marine system
cause pollution of beaches with the introduction of notable quantities
of fecal bacteria, such as those of the Enterococcus genus or the
popular Escherichia coli, and generate sources of disease transmission
to the population by coming into direct contact with contaminated
water or by ingesting infected organisms (such as fish or shellfish).
Within the symptomatological picture that affected people may present
are colic, gastroenteritis processes, fevers, etc.

BY ALEJANDRO
If we continue like this
the whales will die
The role of whales in the proper
functioning of the marine ecosystem is
indisputable. Its feces, rich in iron,
nitrogen and other nutrients, act as
fertilizer, increasing the productivity of
small algae known as phytoplankton.
These are the main food for small
crustaceans known as krill, which in
turn support the life of hundreds of
species of fish, birds and marine
mammals, including whales. And
because of plastic, whales are dying,
which will cause a change in the chain.
nutritional
BY ALEJANDRO
POLLUTANTS OF THE OCEAN
The ocean has many, many pollutions, and according to Philip J. Landrigan, the most common ones are:

Toxic metals
Plastics
Manufactured chemicals
Petroleum
Urban and industrial wastes

Pesticides
Fertilisers
Pharmaceutical chemicals
Agricultural runoff
Sewage

MAGGIE
ZARA
 Bibliography
https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/staggering-ways-to-stop-water-pollution.php

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780123814753100191

https://eartheclipse.com/environment/pollution/amazing-ways-to-prevent-water-pollution.html

https://www.freshwatersystems.com/blogs/blog/6-practical-ways-to-reduce-water-pollution-at-home

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/causes-and-effects-of-water-pollution/

https://www.iberdrola.com/sustainability/water-pollution

Landrigan, P. J. (2020). Human Health and Ocean Pollution. Annals of global health, 86(1), 151.
https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.2831

https://www.ecologiaverde.com/contaminacion-de-las-playas-causas-y-consecuencias-2310.html
ballenas.org.ar/conservacion/el-rol-de-los-cetaceos-en-el-funcionamiento-de-los-ecosistemas/#:~:text=El%20rol%20de%20las%20ballenas,peque%C3%B1as%20algas%20conocidas%20como%20fitoplancton.
The End
BY ALEJANDRO, DANIIL, MAGGIE, STAN AND ZARA