8.

3 billion tonnes of plastic have been produced across the world since 1950, 6,3 bonne nuit
tones of which are in landfills or the environment.
The document treated is a video of national
geography it talks about the plastic waste that is in the ocean.

In the video we are told about the tons of plastic waste that are in the ocean, the waste
decomposes into smaller and smaller and they are ingested by all species.
Ellen MacArthur says that each actor must change his way of consuming, she tells us above
all that we must break this linear economy or take use and tokens and that we have finished
with a circular economy so that plastic is never a waste but that it becomes a precious
material.

Marine pollution presents it in different forms:

There is:
agricultural waste
Industrial
And urban

This waste prevents ecosystems from having access to oxygen these areas then become
dead zones, there are already more than 400 dead zones on earth.
It is said that nutrient pollution can be managed by modifying certain systems such as the
agricultural system.

By 2050 there will probably be more plastic than fish in the ocean .
First, we will talk about the causes and consequences of marine pollution and then the
solutions of marine pollution.

MARINE POLLUTION RESULTS FROM ALL PRODUCTS RELEASED INTO THE SEAS
AND OCEANS AS A RESULT OF human activity

The seas and oceans are polluted because of:

Plastic waste

Estimates indicate that since the early 1950s, more than 8 billion tons of plastics have been
produced. The way in which the amount of plastic waste is treated is a problem because a
large part is found in the environment. Only 9% of these million tons of waste are recycled.
The most found waste in the natural environment are cigarette butts, whose filters contain
plastic fibres, plastic bottles, bottle caps, plastic bags and straws.

Plastic microparticles are found in significant quantities in the oceans. This aquatic waste
has an indirect impact on humans because, ingested by the marine species we consume, it
is found directly in our stomachs!

The consequences of ocean pollution are multiple:

► Waste carries invasive species,

► They cause injuries and entanglements to marine animals,

► They cause an alteration of the ecosystem,

► They disperse toxic materials,

► And they are dangerous for the man who causes them.

Oil spilled at sea is a significant and worrying pollution on a global scale.

. The amount of hydrocarbons introduced into the oceans by human activity is estimated at
six million tonnes per year, which is a fundamental cause of ocean pollution

DOMESTIC WASTEWATER WATERS

In the case of domestic discharges, which are of the order of 150 litres/day/inhabitant, the
pollution is of a mineral and bacteriological nature.

PESTICIDES

The term pesticide is a compound term that includes all chemicals that are used to control or
kill parasites.

Marine pollution solutions:

For the scientific community, the solutions to save the sea are:

• Stop polluting intentionally.) Too many citizens take rivers, rivers and seasides for landfills
and still throw everything and anything (from the simple plastic bottle to larger objects).
Everything that is thrown into a stream (or abandoned on the sand) is irretrievably found in
the oceans.

• Sort it out. According to the NGO OceanPlastic, 25% of unmanaged waste ends up in the
sea. On a daily basis, put plastic waste in the yellow bin and do not hesitate to put pressure
on your municipalities to obtain good quality recycling equipment with a weekly pickup
(depending on the size of the city).

• Stop the single-use plastic. Plastic bags, cotton rods, straws, plastic water bottles, are
ultra-polluting because they are not biodegradable. Replace them with sustainable
alternatives (fabric bags, stainless steel straws, reusable cotton rods) and say no to the
disposable at all.
• Clean the beaches. This is not a miracle solution but rather a way to draw attention to this
problem. A civic and pedagogical gesture.

Finally, companies also have a role to play in imagining truly biodegradable materials once in
water or by drastically reducing the tons of plastic produced, in particular by limiting
over-packaging.