HYDROLOGIC ANALYSIS USING

STORMWATER MANAGEMENT MODEL

FOR A LOW IMPACT DEVELOPMENT-
BASED SOLUTION IN BARANGAY 74
NULA TULA, TACLOBAN CITY

GROUP 1 I CE 322 - HYDROLOGY

 RESEARCH TEAM

Chrisza Mae Sheena Abegail Jesseca

R. Pajarillo S. Ladera V. Marilla

John Kenneth Arvel Art T. Christian M.

P. Vicuna Alde Badidles
CHAPTER 01 CHAPTER 02 CHAPTER 03
Background of the study Theoretical/Conceptual Research Design
Statement of the Problem Framework Respondents of the
Objectives Hypothesis Study
Significance of the Study Definition of Terms Locale of the Study
Scope and Limitations Research Instruments
Data gathering

TABLE OF
procedure
Statistical Analysis

CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Recent events in the deserts of Negev, Israel, and Death Valley, California
have showcased the contrasting nature of water as both a necessity for
human survival and a potential cause of death. In the southern Negev, an
extraordinary amount of rainfall, surpassing a 75-year return period,
resulted in a flash flood that tragically claimed lives.

Similarly, Death Valley, known for its scorching heat and extreme aridity,
encountered an unforeseen deluge, receiving rainfall equivalent to almost
a year's worth. This unexpected inundation led to a devastating flood in
the region. These incidents highlight how an abundance of water can have
both positive and negative consequences, underscoring the precarious
balance between life-giving sustenance and destructive force that water
holds.
With the rise of rain and flood-related challenges linked to urbanization,
there is a pressing need to actively encourage the creation of new
solutions for urban flooding. As a result, various techniques for urban
stormwater management have emerged, focusing particularly on methods
that decrease impervious surfaces. Among these approaches, Low Impact
Development (LID) stands out as an innovative and effective method for
controlling stormwater.

LID revolves around the utilization of green infrastructure, layered

development, and decentralized microscale control. By imitating the
natural hydrological functions that existed prior to urbanization, LID plays a
crucial role in systematically addressing water-related environmental
issues in urban areas. Furthermore, it promotes long-term sustainability,
taking into account the preservation and responsible use of water
resources.
 In recent years, flooding has become increasingly
deadly, claiming more lives (Lam, 2018). On
December 16, 2017, Tacloban City experienced
severe flooding as tropical storm "Urduja"
(international name: Kai-Tak) moved towards the
provinces of Eastern Visayas (Leonen, 2017).

BACKGROUND
The barangay 74, Nula Tula in Tacloban City also
experiences flooding. The existing stormwater

OF THE STUDY management system in the barangay is ineffective in

preventing flash floods during heavy rain, causing
delays, missed classes, and increased stress for
everyone.
Therefore, it is crucial to find a better stormwater
management system, and low-impact development
(LID) and green infrastructure (GI) practices offer
effective solutions (Shafique et al., 2018).
LID, a stormwater management facility, employs natural
processes, plants, and constructed soils to capture
rainwater runoff at its source. It reduces local flooding by
allowing plants and soil to absorb rainwater, especially
during lighter rainfall. Researchers aim to explore how LID
infrastructure can enhance community safety and quality of
life.

The study employs the Stormwater Management Model

(SWMM) and the Vantage Vue System to assess the
effectiveness of LID techniques like infiltration trenches,
tree box filters, and permeable pavement. SWMM is a
widely-used tool for dynamic continuous simulation and
water quality assessment.
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The study aims to propose a LID-based solution for controlling
stormwater runoff on the barangay 74, Nula Tula utilizing SWMM. The
study specifically sought to respond to the following questions:

1. What is barangay 74, Nula Tula profile in terms with of:

a. rainfall;
b. barometric pressure;
c. humidity;
d. temperature;
e. weather;
f. topography; and
g. soil classification?
2. What is the flood situation of barangay 74, Nula Tula without
LID controls using SWMM?

3. What is the flood situation of barangay 74, Nula Tula with LID
based solution using SWMM? LID infrastructure that will be
modeled are the following:

a.infiltration Trenches;
b.tree Box Filters; and
c.permeable pavement

4. Is there a significant difference between the rainfall data from

PAGASA and rainfall data from the Vantage Vue System in
barangay 74, Nula Tula?
OBJECTIVES Main Objective

The main objective of the study is to analyze and assess to what

extent a Low Impact Development (LID) based solution functions to
cope with hydrologic processes in Brgy 74 Nula Tula. The research
aims to utilize the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) to assess
the performance of the LID-based solution in mitigating stormwater
runoff, reducing peak flows, and promoting sustainable water
management practices.
 Specific Objectives

1 Examine the current hydrologic conditions and problems

particularly the impacts of urbanization, stormwater management
issues, and potential flooding risks.

2 Develop and execute a LID-based solution to regulate stormwater

runoff and enhance water quality in the study area. Include different
LID approaches (such as rain gardens, green roofs, and permeable
pavements).

3 Use the SWMM modeling program to simulate and examine the

hydrologic performance of the LID-based solution under various
rainfall and land-use scenarios.

4 Analyze the efficacy of LID-based solutions in minimizing peak

flows, alleviating the risk of floods, and optimizing water resource
management in the research area
5 Examine the economic viability and cost-effectiveness of LID-
based solutions in comparison with other conventional stormwater
control strategies.

6 Propose guidelines and recommendations for the implementation

and utilization of LID approaches in urban areas, with the aim of
encouraging sustainable water management strategies and
increasing resistance to the effects of climate change.
 Engineers. It is an engineer's job to

SIGNIFICANCE
make sure a process, system, or
product is safe and effective. This
study may provide more ideas and
assistance to the engineers in

OF THE STUDY
developing a solution to the flooding
issue that the area is experiencing.

Barangay Officials. This study promotes Researchers. The study presented

the development of a LID-based solution here would work as a cutting-edge
to mitigate floods on the barangay 74, guide and basis for future
Nula Tula, Tacloban City. As a result, the researchers looking into the nature
barangay officials can use the results of of LID practices by offering key
this study to create designs that is findings and information on the use
efficient in reducing the problem around of infiltration-based LID in the
the barangay. nation.
 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
The aim of this study is to identify an appropriate solution for managing
stormwater runoff at barangay 74, Nula Tula using the Stormwater
Management Model (SWMM). The study focuses on modeling specific Low
Impact Development (LID) infrastructure, namely infiltration trenches, tree box
filters, and permeable pavement.

This study aims to find a suitable solution for managing stormwater runoff at
barangay 74, Nula Tula by using SWMM. It involves modeling specific LID
infrastructure such as infiltration trenches, tree box filters, and permeable
pavement. Input data for the model includes five months of daily rainfall depth
data, topographic information, soil classification, and rainfall probability
statistics. The researchers employ SWMM 5.1 and focus on the Modified
Horton's method for modeling infiltration-based LID.
CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The Philippines, due to its geographical position, is prone
to tropical cyclones that bring heavy rains, flooding, strong
winds, and extensive damage to human life, crops, and
properties. The country is highly vulnerable to climate
change impacts, including sea level rise, extreme weather
events, rising temperatures, and intense rainfall. Climate
change places additional pressure on urban drainage
systems, leading to increased runoff, flooding, and
combined sewer overflow incidents. Most weather-related
disasters in the Philippines can be attributed directly or
indirectly to tropical cyclones
Urbanization and population growth have amplified the
need for sustainable water resource utilization, especially
in rapidly developing urban areas. As urbanization
increases the proportion of impermeable surfaces,
stormwater infiltration decreases, resulting in higher
volumes of surface runoff, more frequent floods, and
shorter peak flow lag times. This increased imperviousness
alters land use and affects hydrological cycles.
SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) is a widely used
tool for simulating water runoff quantity and quality,
primarily in urban areas. SWMM is used for single event or
long-term simulations of water runoff quantity and quality in
primarily urban areas, although there are also many
applications that can be used for drainage systems in non-
urban areas. SWMM provides an integrated environment
for editing study area input data, running hydrologic,
hydraulic and water quality simulations, and viewing the
results in a variety of formats
 This study involves acquiring and analyzing
input data, modeling and simulation, and
gathering and analyzing output data. The
Vantage Vue weather station collects data
on rainfall, barometric pressure, humidity,
temperature, and weather conditions, using

CONCEPTUAL/
the WeatherLink application. Soil
classification determines the flood point's
specific soil composition.

THEORETICAL The
methods
collected
like
data is analyzed
Rainfall
using
Frequency
Characterization, Triangular Temporal
FRAMEWORK Distribution, and Horton method, along with
Geographic Information System (GIS) for
geospatial information. These data simulate
the Storm Water Management Model and
evaluate the flood situation.
The simulation reveals infiltrations, runoffs,
and LID controls. The project aims to
propose an LID-based solution.
 FIGURE 1.

CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK
OF THE STUDY
 HYPOTHESIS
2.3.1A 2.3.1B

Null Hypothesis (H0): Null Hypothesis (H0):

There is no significant There is no significant
difference in the peak difference in the peak
runoff volume between the runoff volume between the
existing conventional existing conventional
stormwater management stormwater management
system and the proposed system and the proposed
LID-based solution in LID-based solution in
Brgy. 74 Nula-Tula Brgy. 74 Nula-Tula
Tacloban City. Tacloban City.
 2.3.2A 2.3.2B

Null Hypothesis (H0):

Alternative Hypothesis
There is no significant
(H1): The proposed LID-
difference in the total
based solution in Brgy. 74
runoff volume between the
Nula-Tula Tacloban City
existing conventional
significantly reduces the
stormwater management
total runoff volume
system and the proposed
compared to the existing
LID-based solution in
conventional stormwater
Brgy. 74 Nula Tula,
management system.
Tacloban City.
 2.3.3A 2.3.3B

Null Hypothesis (H0):

Alternative Hypothesis
There is no significant
(H1): The proposed LID-
difference in the time of
based solution in Brgy. 74
concentration between
Nula-Tula Tacloban City
the existing conventional
significantly reduces the
stormwater management
time of concentration
system and the proposed
compared to the existing
LID-based solution in
conventional stormwater
Brgy. 74 Nula-Tula
management system.
Tacloban City.
 2.3.4A 2.3.4B

Null Hypothesis (H0): Alternative Hypothesis

There is no significant
difference in the pollutant
load between the existing
conventional stormwater
management system and
the proposed LID-based
solution in Brgy. 74 Nula-
Tula Tacloban City.
(H1): The proposed LID-
based solution in Brgy. 74
Nula-Tula Tacloban City
significantly reduces the
pollutant load compared
to the existing
conventional stormwater
management system.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Analysis of the volumetric flow rate of water
HYDROLOGIC ANALYSIS leaving a watershed over a given period of time.

LOW IMPACT DEVELOPMENT Solution provided in managing stormwater runoff

(LID) that relies on natural processes and vegetation.

A desktop application for Microsoft Windows. It is

STORMWATER MANAGEMENT used as a dynamic rainfall-runoff simulation model
MODEL (SWMM) that is primarily used to simulate urban precipitation
or long-term water quality and quantity.
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
 RESEARCH DESIGN
The researchers will employ the developed rainfall-
runoff model created using SWMM as a crucial tool in
analyzing the relationships between infiltration, runoff,
and LID controls at the barangay 74, Nula Tula. This
enables a better understanding of the cause-and-effect
relationship between the installation of LID controls and
the amount of runoff and infiltration at the research site.
RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY
This study involves secondary data analysis.
Researchers analyze existing data sources such as
public databases, government records, archival data, or
previously published studies. In this case, respondents
are not directly involved, and the research focuses on
analyzing and interpreting the available data.
LOCALE OF
Tacloban is a coastal city
located in the Eastern Visayas
region, with a total land area of

THE STUDY
77.88 square miles (201.72
square kilometers). As of the
2020 Census, the city had a
population of 251,881,
contributing to a 5.54% increase
in the population of Eastern
Visayas.

With a population density of

1,249 inhabitants per square
kilometer or 3,234 inhabitants
per square mile, Tacloban faces
the tropical Pacific, which
provides the necessary energy
for the formation of strong
super typhoons that can
maintain their intensity upon
making landfall.

The study was conducted in

Barangay 74 Nula Tula, Tacloban
City, Leyte.
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
VANTAGE VUE WEATHER STATION
A cutting-edge weather station that offers localized and up-to-date weather information
including rainfall, barometric pressure, humidity, temperature, and overall weather
conditions. The sensor suite wirelessly transmits data to the console, which provides
historical graphs and forecasting capabilities.

WEATHERLINK
An application utilized to retrieve data from the console of the
Vantage Vue weather station.
RAINFALL CHARACTERIZATION
Rainfall characterization involves assessing the frequency of rainfall occurrences to
predict how often specific values of a variable phenomenon may happen and to
evaluate the reliability of these predictions

ESTIMATION OF THE PROBABILITY OF EXCEEDANCE

The researchers will utilize the Weibull Method to estimate the probabilities
of surpassing or not surpassing ranked data. This method allows them to
determine the likelihood of exceeding certain values or not exceeding them
based on the ranking of the data

HORTON'S METHOD
This method is claimed to provide more accurate estimates of
infiltration, particularly during periods of low rainfall intensity.
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE
PHASE I: PHASE II: DETERMINATION
DATA GATHERING OF RAINFALL
CHARACTERIZATION
To collect the necessary This method estimated the
hydrologic parameters rainfall depths for
for the study, a Vantage selected probabilities or
Vue System was return periods based on
installed outside. This the four-month data
system recorded data extracted from the
such as rainfall, Vantage Vue console,
barometric pressure, specifically for the rainfall
humidity, temperature, events that occurred in
and weather conditions barangay Nula Tula.
 PHASE III: DATA PHASE VI: PROPOSAL
ANALYSIS USING SWMM OF LID CONTROL
SWMM (Storm Water After the simulation
Management Model), a
dynamic rainfall simulation process, the infiltration
model, was employed for data and runoff were
analysis. A network determined. Based on
representation of the physical the results, the
components of the research researchers proposed
location was created using GIS the implementation of
(Geographic Information LID controls such as
System) files, and this data infiltration trenches,
was then transferred into tree box filters, and
SWMM input files to conduct
the simulation permeable pavement.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
CORRELATION ANALYSIS
Correlation analysis is employed to assess the relationship between hydrological
variables. In this study, it can be used to examine the association between the
conventional stormwater management system and the proposed LID-based solution by
analyzing variables such as peak runoff volume, time of concentration, total runoff
volume, and pollutant load using measures like Pearson's correlation coefficient.

TIME SERIES ANALYSIS

Techniques like ARIMA modeling, seasonal decomposition, or spectral analysis can offer
insights into the temporal characteristics of these variables and assess the
effectiveness of the LID-based solution in influencing hydrological conditions in Brgy.
74 Nula Tula, Tacloban City.
 REGRESSION ANALYSIS

Regression analysis is a valuable tool for establishing mathematical

relationships between hydrological variables. In this study, it can be used to
model the relationship between the conventional stormwater management
system and the proposed LID-based solution, considering variables like peak
runoff volume, time of concentration, total runoff volume, and pollutant load.

By applying regression analysis, the impact of the LID-based solution can be

quantified, evaluating if there is a significant difference between the existing
system and the proposed solution and developing predictive models to assess
the effectiveness of the LID-based solution in improving hydrological
conditions.
THANK YOU FOR
WATCHING!
Arvel Art T. Alde
Christian M. Badidles
Chrisza Mae R. Pajarillo
Jesseca V. Marilla
John Kenneth P. Vicuña
Sheena Abegail S. Ladera

May 2023

GROUP 1 I CE 322 - HYDROLOGY